106-AN grout pilot-scale test HGTP-93-0501-02 Page: 3 of 151
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The major conclusions from the grout production portion of the pilot-
scale tests are listed below:
- The grout produced with a dry-blend formulation consisting of 14 wt%
attapulgite clay, 20 wt% cement, and 66 wt% class F fly ash showed
significant shear thickening and had calculated critical flow rates (CFR)
at the pipe discharge that were above the criterion value of 60 gpm.
Slight modification of the dry-blend formulation to 11 wt% attapulgite,
20.7 wt% cement, and 68.3 wt% class F fly ash reduced the critical flow
rate to below 40 gpm. Other than the critical flow rate concerns, both
formulations tested were readily processed by the pilot-scale equipment.
- The Dry Materials Facility (DMF) handled the dry ingredients of the
proposed production formulation and mixed dry-blend product within the
desired tolerances.
- The restart pressure tests showed that process interruptions as long as
20 minutes did not pose a problem in the pilot-scale equipment. These
tests indicated that interruptions of 30 minutes or greater should not be
allowed without flushing the system.
- No significant wear was seen on the stellite feed screws and stellite-
tipped paddles installed in the grout mixer.
- A 7.5 pipe-volume flush of the pilot-scale grout pipe at 10 gpm was
sufficient to prevent buildup.
- Grout buildup in the equipment was similar to that seen in other pilot-
scale runs. Buildup in the area of the dry-blend mixer inlet was a
concern and may have interfered with grout production if it had not been
cleaned between runs. Buildup in other areas did not interfere with
grout production but might present decontamination problems.
- The dimensional changes of the grout over the first 7 weeks of curing
were small (0.06% shrinkage).
- The thermal conductivity of the cured grout was 0.81 watts per meter K
(W/moK).
- Neither the original 14 wt% attapulgite clay formulation nor the modified
11 wt% attapulgite clay formulation had free liquids when poured at 400C.
Since the completion of the first full-scale production campaign,
concerns over the effects of high grout temperatures on the long-term grout
properties have arisen. Increased airflows to increase evaporative cooling in
the grout vault combined with pouring in lifts has been suggested as a means
to remove hydration heat and reduce grout curing temperatures. These pilot-
scale tests were used to study the effects of increased airflows and pouringiv
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Bagaasen, L. M. 106-AN grout pilot-scale test HGTP-93-0501-02, report, May 1, 1993; Richland, Washington. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1319387/m1/3/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.