Experiences of Latinos with Diabetes in the Central San Joaquin Valley Page: 6
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with diabetes are diagnosed as living with Type 1 (American Association, 2011). Expectant
mothers who develop diabetes during pregnancy are classified as having gestational diabetes.
Affecting nearly 18% of pregnancies in the United States, the onset of gestational diabetes poses
an increased risk of the mother developing Type 2 diabetes postpartum (American Association,
2011).
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or Type 2 diabetes, affects many
across age, race, gender, and class; and is the primary focus of my research. This disease is
characterized by the body's resistance to insulin, the primary hormone that carries glucose from
the bloodstream into cells where it is used for the production of energy in the body. Over time,
the pancreas may stop insulin production altogether. Insulin resistance causes individuals with
diagnosed Type 2 diabetes to experience elevated levels of glucose, a simple sugar, in their
blood. The long-term consequences of elevated glucose are severe: cardiovascular disease and
blindness are the major risks. Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes and accounts for an
estimated 95% of diagnosed cases (American Association, 2011). Diabetes is listed as the
seventh leading cause of death for the year 2015; with 30.3 million people, or 9.4% of the U.S.
population living with diabetes during the same year (CDC, 2017). The Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention estimate in their 2017 statistical report that 1.5 million Americans were
newly diagnosed as of 2015. An additional 7.2 million people or 23.8% of adults 18 years of age
or older are estimated to be undiagnosed (CDC, 2017). Reflecting on these estimates, it is clear
that diabetes is a pressing public health concern.
In the state of California, many are affected by diabetes. The California Department of
Public Health cites that 2.3 million individuals are living with the disease, those with diagnosed
Type 2 diabetes account for 1.9 million of the total state estimate. Diabetes is listed as the6
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Cortez, Jacqueline Nicole. Experiences of Latinos with Diabetes in the Central San Joaquin Valley, thesis, May 2018; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157605/m1/13/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .