Survey of potential chlorine production processes. Final report Page: 97 of 199
Pages: 196View a full description of this report.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
4.10 Oxidation of Ammonium Chloride with Nitrogen Dioxide
Because of the complexity of nitrogen oxide chemistry and its tempera-
ture dependence, two processes, both developed by Imperial Chemical
Industries, Ltd. (ICI), to convert ammonium chloride to chlorine are pre-
sented in this section.
The first process operates at ambient temperature and generates
ammonium nitrate and chlorine as co-products. From the overall process
chemistry, it consumes oxygen and nitrogen dioxide in addition to ammonium
chloride.
The second process operates at higher temperatures and uses more
nitrogen dioxide in the initial oxidation. Nitric acid and chlorine are
the final products.
4.10.1 ICI Ammonium Nitrate Process
4.10.1.1 History
This process was patented in the United Kingdom by Gordon Diprose in
1960 and assigned to Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd.8°r81 All work
quoted in the patent was performed on the laboratory scale, and no
development work or other commercialization has since been reported.
The process is similar to the Vicksburg and the U.S. Department of
Agriculture processes (Sections 4.15 and 4.16) which produce chlorine by
reaction of nitric acid and/or nitrogen dioxide with potassium chloride.
For the ICI process, ammonium chloride is used as the raw material in
place of potassium chloride.
4.10.1.2 Scientific Basis
Solid ammonium chloride containing 1 to 5 percent water is reacted
with nitrogen dioxide on a slowly moving bed under ambient conditions. With
agitation, a 97.7 percent conversion of the ammonium chloride is claimed via
the reaction:
NH4CI + 2N02 + NH4NO3 + N0C1
The nitrosyl chloride (N0C1) is then oxidized to nitrogen dioxide and
chlorine by already established means. Although the separation of nitrogen
81
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This report can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Report.
Survey of potential chlorine production processes. Final report, report, April 1, 1979; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1101365/m1/97/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.