Survey of potential chlorine production processes. Final report Page: 84 of 199
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4.8 Direct Hydrogen Chloride Electrolysis
4.8.1 Process History
The history of direct hydrogen chloride electrolysis is presented in
Section 4.4.1. This particular electrolysis process was invented by Stefon
Payer of Germany and developed by the Hoechst-Uhde Corporation.75'76 The,
first hydrogen chloride electrolysis plant was built at Farlwerke Hoechst
in Leverkusen, West Germany, in 1964 with an output of 43,000 tans per year
of chlorine. Since 1970, seven other plants have been built in various
countries with combined output of more than 400,000 tens per year. The
major U.S. plant of this type is in Baytown, Texas, and is operated by
Mobay Chemical Company, a subsidiary of Mobil Oil. The facility, built in.
1972, was expanded in 1976. The driving force for using this technology
was the desire to recover and reuse waste hydrogen chloride rather than
sell dilute hydrochloric acid in an uncertain market.
4.8.2 Scientific Basis
This electrolytic-type process uses direct current to decompose
hydrogen chloride. The chemical equation for this mechanism is as follows:
2 HCl electricity „ ^ + ^
The waste hydroqen chloride raw material has inert gas components which
are removed by absorption in a dilute hydrochloric acid solution prior to
electrolysis. The acid product is fed to the electrolytic cells for chlorine
production. The unreacted dilute acid is recycled to the absorption system.
Similar to the membrane cell, the inlet acid product concentration should be
maintained at 20-26 percent for best electrical efficiency. The dilute aaid
recycle stream should be maintained above 16 percent to avoid oxygen evolution
in the cell.
The above reaction can be divided into two separate electrode processes,
H+ + e -v 1/2 H2 (cathode)
Cl - e -*â– 1/2 Cl2 (anode)
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Survey of potential chlorine production processes. Final report, report, April 1, 1979; United States. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1101365/m1/84/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.