An overview of regulatory issues that affect the development of new waste treatment technologies Page: 55 of 64
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Finally, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 offer opportunities to
those new technologies that can alleviate or delete the emissions of proble-
matic pollutants.
4.4 CLEAN MATER ACT
Waste water discharges from waste treatment technologies, if connected to
a publicly owned sewage treatment plant, may require compliance with federal
pretreatment standards (40 CFR 403). Such discharges also would have to
comply with conditions specified in the waste water permit issued by the local
sewer authority. Direct discharges of waste water into navigable waters would
require issuance of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit
(40 CFR 122) by state authorities. If the additional waste water would not
violate any permanent conditions, an existing facility permit may cover the
discharge. Underground injection wells are subject to both the Clean Water
Act Underground Injection Control program (40 CFR 144 and 145) and RCRA LDRs
(40 CFR 268).
4.5 ATOMIC ENERGY ACT
The Atomic Energy Act authorizes DOE to establish radiation protection
standards for managing its own radioactive and mixed waste. Such standards
are implemented through DOE Orders (see DOE 1988a, 1988b, 1989, 1990). These
DOE Orders would primarily affect RDDT&E technology development by establish-
ing radiation exposure limits and specific environmental protection standards
for the general public and occupational workers. While these DOE orders do
not establish technology performance criteria per se. they establish limits
for facility-wide radiation releases and worker exposures against which any
radioactivity resulting from RDDT&E technologies would have to be judged.
4.6 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT
The Occupational Safety and Health Act establishes worker chemical expo-
sure limits analogous to the worker radiation exposure limits in DOE Orders.
It also establishes the Federal Hazard Communication Standard
(29 CFR 1910.1200). Although RCRA hazardous wastes are exempted, this
4.3
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Kuusinen, T L; Siegel, M R; Williams, T A & Powell, J A. An overview of regulatory issues that affect the development of new waste treatment technologies, report, July 1, 1991; Richland, Washington. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1093979/m1/55/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.