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2.2.2 Land Disposal Restrictions
Because of concern about continuing problems at currently operating
hazardous waste land disposal facilities, as part of HSWA, Congress instructed
the EPA to establish the LDR program. EPA promulgated LDR regulations in five
parts: the first two established by HSWA, and the last three (the so-called
First-Third Wastes, Second-Third Wastes, and Third-Third Wastes) based on
EPA's assessment of toxicity and volume of hazardous waste generated.LDR
treatment standards apply to hazardous wastes that are land disposed, includ-
ing those injected into deep wells, or placed in surface impoundments, waste
piles, land treatment facilities, salt dome formations, underground mines or
caves, or any enclosure intended for disposal purposes. The hazardous wastes
restricted from land disposal (essentially all regulated hazardous wastes) are
listed in 40 CFR 268.
LDR standards are extremely important to the RDDT&E program because they
define the regulatorily acceptable parameters for treatment of hazardous
waste. Each of the LDR regulations establishes BDAT standards for treatment
of specific categories of hazardous waste (40 CFR 268 Subpart D). EPA
developed BDAT treatment standards, either as specific technologies or as
performance standards. Specific technologies are used when data are inade-
quate to set concentration levels or when it is determined that one method
(a) 1. Solvents and dioxins (November 8, 1986)
2. "California List" Wastes (July 8, 1987)--1 iquid and non-liquid haz-
ardous wastes containing halogenated organic compounds above
1,000 ppm and liquid hazardous wastes containing polychlorinated
biphenyls above 50 ppm, certain toxic metals above specified stat-
utory concentrations, and corrosive liquid wastes that have a pH
level below two.
3. First Third Wastes (August 8, 1988)- -183 of the "worst" hazardous
wastes, including some of the F-,K-, P-, and U-coded wastes
4. Second Third Wastes (June 8, 1989)--67 additional wastes and the
remainder of the F-coded wastes
5. Third Wastes (May 8, 1990)--344 wastes, 5 newly listed wastes and all
characteristic wastes.
2.13
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Kuusinen, T L; Siegel, M R; Williams, T A & Powell, J A. An overview of regulatory issues that affect the development of new waste treatment technologies, report, July 1, 1991; Richland, Washington. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1093979/m1/39/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.