Energy programs. Quarterly report, January-March 1978 Page: 34 of 48
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Table 1
Table 2
Estimated Energy Content (in Quads) of Geothermal Waters in the
Sedimentary Deposits in Each Resource Area
(1 Quad = 1015 Btu)
Resource Area
Temperature Range
1
2
3
4
. 5
Over 350°F
2200
<20
-
-
<5
300-350°F
1600
10
-
-
15
250-300°F
1500
100
<10
-
170
212-250°F
480
490
40
-
800
180-212°F
1100
350
420
170
590
150-180°F
560
700
300
210
260
120-150°F
460
520
150
230
190
Total above 120°F
7900
2190
920
610
2030
Potential Applications Market. The energy
markets in each area have been surveyed and the
total size estimated. If the market is very
small with respect to the resource, the nonelec-
tric applications of geothermal energy will be
limited, and full use of the resource may not be
possible. On the other hand, if the potential
market is large with respect to the resource,
caution must be exercised to ensure a rate of
development that will allow the lifetime of the
resource to be long enough for amortization of
capital investments.
There are five basic energy-consuming sec-
tors to which geothermal energy might be applied
directly: residential space and water heating,
commercial space and water heating, military
space and water heating, industrial process heat
and space and water heating, and agricultural
processes (such as brooding, crop drying, and
frost protection). To be useful in matching re-
source and potential market locations, the data
must be available on a county-by-county basis.
Unfortunately, this type of breakdown is seldom
encountered. Therefore, methods must be devised
for estimating local energy requirements.
In the residential sector, space heating
requirements are directly proportional to the
population and to the number of heating degree-
days. Reference 2 gives a useful method of cal-
culating the space-heating energy requirements
for the residential and commercial sectors using
Bureau of the Census population data and Nation-
al Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration cli-
matic data. The reference also provides a way
to calculate water heating requirements based
only on population data. The calculations have
been made and maps have been prepared to show
the spatial distribution of the energy consump-
tion in the residential and commercial sectors.
Table 2 summarizes the totals in each resource
area.
In the military sector, the Department of
Defense ha3 compiled energy-consumption data for
all military installations in the country. APL
has recently obtained these data; they will be
analyzed in the near future.
In the industrial sector, five industries
have been selected as being the most promising
candidates for the use of geothermal energy for
process heat. They are food and kindred pro-
ducts, textile mill products, lumber and wood
products, paper and allied products, and chem-
icals and allied products. A statewide average
energy consumption per employee can be calculat-
ed for each industry using the Bureau of the
Energy Consumption by Sector in Milliquads
(1 mQ= 1012 Btu)
Resource Area
Sector
1
2
3
4 .
5
Residential
24.2
23.0
50.6
25.8
17.8
Commercial
5.4
5.1
12.0
6.6
4.9
Industrial
73.6
144.5
99.0
72.3
24.6
Agricultural
1.0
1.0
1.0
24.0
- ■
Census statistics of total energy consumed and:
total employment by industry (Ref. 3). State
directories of industrial plants will be used'
to obtain the number of employees per plant.
The total energy consumption of each plant can
be estimated by using figures on the average
energy per employee.. The figures may not be
very accurate on a per-plarit basis, but on a
county basis averaging over several plants re-
duces these fluctuations to provide the best
data currently available. In addition, the
figures represent the total energy consumption,
not a breakdown for applicable processes. More
detailed studies should improve their reliabil-
ity. The totals for the five industries for
each resource area are shown in Table 2 under
the Industrial Sector, as are the estimated
totals for relevant agricultural processes.
The large agricultural consumption in resource
area 4 results primarily from frost protection
for the large,citrus groves.
Development Scenario. In addition to the
above analyses, the preparation of a scenario
requires an assessment of the impact of state
and local rules and regulations. Relevant state
agencies (such as oil and gas boards, water re-
source divisions, and environmental protection
agencies) have been contracted for permits,
licenses, environmental reports, and other re-
quirements and processes that must be considered
in exploring and developing geothermal energy
resources.
With this information in hand, a prelimi-
nary development scenario was prepared. It con-
sists of a set of suggestions on one way in which
geothermal resources could be developed in this
region, including (to the extent that they could
be determined) all the necessary steps for ex-
ploration, assessment, and commercialization of
geothermal resources. In order for it to serve
as a planning tool for geothermal development,
additional input is required from many sources,
and revising and updating of the scenario are
anticipated to be ongoing processes. After re-
view and revision by DOE/DGE, the scenario will
be discussed with the proper state and local
agencies and other interested .parties. The. in-
formation thus gained will assist in the prepa-
ration of the more detailed site-specific sce-
narios that are required for actual development.
REFERENCES
1. Section 15, Quarterly Report, Oct-Dec 1978,
APL/JHU EQR/77-4.
2. J. Karkheck, E. Beardsworth, and J. R. , i
Powell, "Technical and Economic Aspects of
Potential U.S. District Heating Systems,"
Proc. 11th IECEC, 1976, pp. 1669-1674.
3. 1972 Census of Manufacturers, Vol III, Area
Statistics, U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1976.'
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Energy programs. Quarterly report, January-March 1978, report, 1978-04~; Laurel, Maryland. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1087770/m1/34/: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.