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OIL SHALE HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH*
L. M. Holland and M. I. Tillery
Toxicology Group and Industrial Hygiene Group
University of California
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Los Alamos, New Mexico S?5^5
INTRODUCTION
The orderly development of alternative energy resources requires an
understanding of all of the associated costs. The impact on health and
environment is one of the more important considerations because of the
limitations that may be imposed Lf significant adverse effects result or
cannot be mitigated. As far as possible, control requirements should be
determined prior to large scale utilization in order to minimize the
necessity for retrofitting and to avoid later discovery of health problems
and the attendant need for compensation.
Several distinct technologies will be utilized to recover shale oil
from the Green River formation (1). Each approach offers distinct and, in
some cases, unique occupational health considerations requiring site and
technology-upecific biological/toxicological experimentation. The United
States Dcpartrent of Energy, through the Oil Shale Taslc Force established
by the Assistant Secretary for Environment, is conducting occupational
health and toxicological studies in conjunction with the development of the
various technologies.
Industrial Hygiene Studies
Kost recovery processes currently under consideration will require
underground mining and processes involving surface retorting also require
crushing to aid transport of the shale and to provide consistant processing
results. Samples have been collected during mining operations at various
locations in an effort to characterize potential occupational exposures.
Dust exposure is frequently encountered in mining operations. Two
sampling methods are routinely used to determine the concentration of
airborna dust and standards are expressed in terms of these sampling
methods. Total airborne dust is determined by drawing the sample through a
high effioienoy filter, collecting all partioles carried by the air flow.
Dusts enoouutered in most mining operations are classified as mineral dust
and the threshold limit vclue (TL'f) is stated as
30 mg/m^_
% quartz + 3
for tot airborne dust. The % quartz is determined from the airborne dust
samples. The term respirable dust sample refers to the fraction of
particles in the total sample having a high probability of penetrating to
•This work wan supported by the U. S. Department of Energy.
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Holland, L.M. & Tillery, M.I. Oil shale health and environment research, article, January 1, 1980; New Mexico. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1084782/m1/2/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.