Design of Bioinspired Conductive Smart Textile Page: VIII
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LIST OF FIGURES
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Figure 1-1. Chemical structure of (a) caffeyl alcohol monomer, (b) benzodioxanes unit. 6
Figure 1-2. Chemical structure of polyacrylonitrile ...................................................... 7
Figure 1-3. Chemical structure of polyethylene oxide................................................... 7
Figure 1-4. Fiber formation by electrospinning, adapted from [49]............................ 11
Figure 1-5. Bending instabilities of the electrospun jet by reneker D.H. et al. [50] ........11
Figure 1-6. Coaxial electrospining setup .......................................................................12
Figure 2-1. Lignin monomers and their derive subunits............................................ 22
Figure 2-2. Common linkages found in lignin structure ............................................ 24
Figure 2-3. SEC chromatogram of Kraft and PCFA lignins ...................................... 35
Figure 2-4. ESEM image of electrospun carbon fibers. (A) Kraft, (B) PCFA lignin........ 36
Figure 2-5. Histogram of the diameters of electrospun carbon fibers. (A), Kraft, (B)
P C F A lig n in . . .................................................................................................................3 7
Figure 2-6. Zeta potentials of carbon from carbonized fibers of Kraft and PCFA lignin. 39
Figure 2-7. Raman spectroscopy deconvoluted spectra of derived carbon (A) Kraft, (B)
P C F A L ig n in .. ................................................................................................................4 1
Figure 2-8. Loading and depth curve of carbon fibers indented in transverse and axial
axis derived from (A) Kraft, (B) PCFA lignins .......................................................... 44
Figure 2-9. Deconvolution of C 1s region of (A) Kraft (B) PCFA carbon fiber............ 45
Figure 2-10. TEM and electronic diffraction image of (A) Kraft (B) PCFA carbon fiber. 47
Figure 2-11. X-ray diffraction pattern of (A) Kraft (B) PCFA carbon fiber .................. 48
Figure 2-12. TGA curve and 1st derivative of Kraft and PCFA carbon fiber.............. 49
Figure 3-1. Chemical structure of (a) caffeyl alcohol monomer, (b) benzodioxanes unit.
...................................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 3-2. Average diameter of stabilized precursor fibers and carbonized fibers....... 65viii
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Rizvi, Syed Hussain Raza. Design of Bioinspired Conductive Smart Textile, dissertation, August 2017; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062837/m1/10/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .