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CRS-4
stomach ailments. It is also used to ease altitude sickness. When chewed or used as
tea, coca does not have a hallucinogenic effect, and has been compared to the effects
of coffee. Bolivia's Law 1008 allows nearly 30,000 acres of legal coca, while Peru's
1978 General Law on Drugs permits about 28,000 acres. In Bolivia, coca cultivation
is legal in the Yungas region and some parts of Chapare. Growers may sell their
product to intermediaries who are licensed by the government drug agency that also
controls two legal coca markets. Peruvian law requires that growers are registered,
and obligates its 14,463 registered growers to sell their coca leaf to the state-owned
firm, National Coca Enterprise (ENACO). In neither country are there clear
demarcations for which exact cultivation areas are legal versus illegal. For example,
while Bolivian law permits coca cultivation in the Yungas region, authorities have
not identified which fields should be counted toward the 30,000 acre limit.'Figure 1. Coca Cultivation 2004
as Percent of Global Total
Colombia 50%/6Bolivia 18%
Peru 32%Figure 2. Cocaine Production
2004 as Percent of Global Total
Colombia 56%/6
Bolivia 16%
Peru 28%]Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Coca Cultivation in the Andean Region: A
Survey of Bolivia, Colombia and Peru, June 2005.
Eradication Programs
There are two types of eradication programs. Aerial eradication, often referred
to as fumigation, involves dispersing the chemical glyphosate, an herbicide mixed
with water and the surfactant Cosmo Flux 41IF, from low-flying aircraft over illicit
crops to kill or inhibit their growth. Drug crops can also be manually eradicated,
often with the agreement of the grower, but also without his consent. Both aerial and
manual eradication takes place in Colombia, while Bolivia and Peru allow only
manual eradication. U.S. support for eradication programs is managed by the State
Department's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL),
and the Narcotics Affairs Section (NAS) of U.S. embassies. Spray missions are
conducted by U.S.-hired contractors, through the State Department's Office of
Interregional Aviation Support.5 Coca, Drugs and Social Protest in Bolivia and Peru, Latin America Report No. 12,
International Crisis Group, March 3, 2005.
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Veillette, Connie & Navarrete-Frías, Carolina. Drug Crop Eradication and Alternative Development in the Andes, report, November 18, 2005; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7943/m1/7/: accessed July 3, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.