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The drag of two streamline bodies as affected by protuberances and appendages

Description: This report presents the results of wind tunnel tests of two airship models conducted to determine the drag coefficients at zero pitch, and the effect of fins and cars and of flat and streamlined protuberances located at various positions along the hull. During the investigation the stern of one model was rounded off to produce a blunter shape. The extreme range of the Reynolds number based on the over-all length of the models was from 1,300,000 to 33,000,000. At large values of the Reynolds nu… more
Date: September 26, 1932
Creator: Abbott, Ira H.
open access

Turbulence and Mechanism of Resistance on Spheres and Cylinders

Description: The nature of turbulent flow through pipes and around obstacles is analyzed and illustrated by photographs of turbulence on screens and straighteners. It is shown that the reversal of flow and of the resistance law on spheres is not explainable by Prandtl's turbulence in the boundary layer. The investigation of the analogous phenomena on the cylinder yields a reversal of the total field of flow.
Date: January 1932
Creator: Ahlborn, F.
open access

Airplane Stability in Taxying

Description: The stability analysis of an airplane while rolling is much more simplified to the extent that it can be obtained for numerical data which can be put to practical use in the design of landing gear dimensions. Every landing gear type attains to a critical ground friction coefficient that decides the beginning of instability, i.e., nosing over. This study has, in addition, a certain interest for the use of wheel brakes.
Date: September 1932
Creator: Anderlik, E.
open access

Vertical Descent of the Autogiro

Description: The purpose of this report is to show that only part of the system of rotating blades really is in the "windmill decelerating attitude" when the profile drag is sufficiently low. This particular part receives more torque from the air loads than can be absorbed by the profile drag. As a result thereof the rotating autogiro blade, when its torque is zero, is in part a propeller which functions in the "annular vortex attitude.".
Date: June 1932
Creator: Bennett, J. A.
open access

Reduction of Wing Lift by the Drag

Description: Drag and loss of lift of a wing are attributable to the same cause, wake formation, thus indicating that there is some relation between both. The analysis of measurements on Joukowsky sections revealed a typical course of curves for the interdependence between drag and loss of lift. The shape of the curves apparently depends quite regularly on the mean camber and on the thickness of the profile.
Date: August 1932
Creator: Betz, A. & Lotz, J.
open access

Application of the Theory of Free Jets

Description: Based upon Kirchoff's theory of free jets the flow through different screen arrangements of flat plates, as chiefly encountered with turbines in the cavitation zone is defined. It is shown by experiments that these theoretical results are very well representative in most cases of the conditions of discharge from water in air and consequently by cavitation. In addition, the experiments reveal a picture of the discrepancies between the actual flow and the theory of discharge of air in air (of wat… more
Date: April 1932
Creator: Betz, A. & Petersohn, E.
open access

Problems Concerning the Stability and Maneuverability of Airplanes

Description: "The stability of an airplane can be easily determined by wind-tunnel tests, especially by simple tests with models mounted wind-vane fashion. However, each stability curve plotted by this method is valid only for a certain setting of the corresponding control surface, i.e., it characterizes the stability of the airplane with the control stick in a given position. The problems thus defined are studied from the point of view of longitudinal and transverse stability. Directional stability is not … more
Date: March 1932
Creator: Biche, Jean
open access

Aerodynamic characteristics of circular-arc airfoils at high speeds

Description: From Summary: "The aerodynamic characteristics of eight circular-arc airfoils at speeds of 0.5, 0.8, 0.95, and 1.08 times the speed of sound have been determined in an open-jet air stream 2 inches in diameter, using models of 1-inch chord. The lower surface of each airfoil was plane; the upper surface was cylindrical. As compared with the measurements described in NACA-TR-319, the circular-arc airfoils at speeds of 0.95 and 1.08 times the speed of sound are more efficient than airfoils of the R… more
Date: 1932~
Creator: Briggs, L. J. & Dryden, H. L.
open access

The Effect of Humidity on Engine Power at Altitude

Description: "From tests made in the altitude chamber of the Bureau of Standards, it was found that the effect of humidity on engine power is the same at altitudes up to 25,000 feet as at sea level. Earlier tests on automotive engines, made under sea-level conditions, showed that water vapor acts as an inert diluent, reducing engine power in proportion to the amount of vapor present. By combining the effects of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity, it is shown that the indicated power obtainable … more
Date: February 24, 1932
Creator: Brooks, D. B. & Garlock, E. A.
open access

The Mechanism of Atomization Accompanying Solid Injection

Description: "A brief historical and descriptive account of solid injection is followed by a detailed review of the available theoretical and experimental data that seem to throw light on the mechanism of this form of atomization. It is concluded that this evidence indicates that (1) the atomization accompanying solid injection occurs at the surface of the liquid after it issues as a solid stream from the orifice; and (2) that such atomization has a mechanism physically identical with the atomization which … more
Date: January 6, 1932
Creator: Castleman, R. A., Jr.
open access

Transmission of Heat From a Flat Plate to a Fluid Flowing at a High Velocity

Description: "The writer, starting with the consideration of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic equations for the turbulent boundary layer of a flat plate when it is necessary to take into account the heat produced by friction, arrives at the conclusion that the transmission of the heat follows the same law that is valid when the frictional heat is negligible, provided the temperature of the fluid is considered to be that which the fluid would reach if arrested adiabatically. It is then shown how the same l… more
Date: October 1932
Creator: Crocco, Luigi
open access

Experimental Determination of the Thickness of the Boundary Layer Along a Wing Section

Description: "The thickness and course of the boundary layer were measured in flight, in order to determine whether the relations on an airplane and on a shop-made wing can be brought into agreement with the results of wind-tunnel tests and Horst Muller's calculations of the thickness of the boundary layer, as developed from Karman's integral equation for the boundary layer" (p. 1).
Date: August 1932
Creator: Cuno, Otto
open access

The Automotive Ignition Coil

Description: This report gives the results of a series of measurements on the secondary voltage induced in an ignition coil of typical construction under a variety of operating conditions. These results show that the theoretical predictions hitherto made as to the behavior of this type of apparatus are in satisfactory agreement with the observed facts. The large mass of data obtained is here published both for the use of other investigators who may wish to compare them with other theoretical predictions and… more
Date: 1932%
Creator: Darnell, T. H.
open access

Static thrust of airplane propellers

Description: Static thrust data from more than 100 airplane propeller tests are collected from various sources and combined in working charts, from which the static thrust coefficient may be readily determined. The available data cover practically all types of propellers and are in good agreement.
Date: September 1932
Creator: Diehl, Walter S.
open access

The effect of area aspect ratio on the yawing moments of rudders at large angles of pitch on three fuselages

Description: This reports presents the results of measurements made of yawing moments produced by rudder displacement for seven rudders mounted on each of three fuselages at angles of pitch of 0 degree, 8 degrees, 12 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees and 40 degrees. The dimensions of the rudders were selected to cover the range of areas and aspect ratios commonly used, while the ratios of rudder area to fin area and of rudder chord to fin chord were kept approximately constant. An important result of the meas… more
Date: May 16, 1932
Creator: Dryden, Hugh L. & Monish, B. H.
open access

Combustion of Gaseous Mixtures

Description: This report not only presents matters of practical importance in the classification of engine fuels, for which other means have proved inadequate, but also makes a few suggestions. It confirms the results of Withrow and Boyd which localize the explosive wave in the last portions of the mixture burned. This being the case, it may be assumed that the greater the normal combustion, the less the energy developed in the explosive form. In order to combat the detonation, it is therefore necessary to … more
Date: November 1932
Creator: Duchene, R.
open access

Force measurements on a 1/40-scale model of the U. S. Airship "Akron"

Description: This report describes a series of tests made on a 1/40-scale model of the U. S. Airship "Akron" (ZRS-4) for the purpose of determining the drag, lift, and pitching moments of the bare hull and of the hull equipped with two different sets of fins. Measurements were also made of the elevator forces and hinge moments.
Date: May 6, 1932
Creator: Freeman, Hugh B.
open access

Measurements of flow in the boundary layer of a 1/40-scale model of the U. S. Airship "Akron"

Description: This report presents the results of measurements of flow in the boundary layer of a 1/40-scale model of the U. S. Airship "Akron" (ZRS-4) made with the object of determining the boundary-layer thickness, the point of transition from laminar to the turbulent flow, and the velocity distribution in the boundary layer.
Date: April 27, 1932
Creator: Freeman, Hugh B.
open access

Pressure-distribution measurements on the hull and fins of scale model of the U. S. Airship "Akron"

Description: This report presents the results of measurements of pressure distribution conducted in the propeller-research wind tunnel of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics on a 1/40-scale model of the U. S. Airship "Akron" (ZRS-4). The pressures, which were measured simultaneously at nearly 400 orifices located at 26 stations along one side of the hull, were recorded by two photographic multiple manometers placed inside the model. The hull pressures were measured both with and without the tail… more
Date: June 28, 1932
Creator: Freeman, Hugh B.
open access

Rates of fuel discharge as affected by the design of fuel-injection systems for internal-combustion engines

Description: Using the method of weighing fuel collected in a receiver during a definite interval of the injection period, rates of discharge were determined, and the effects noted, when various changes were made in a fuel-injection system. The injection system consisted primarily of a by-pass controlled fuel pump and an automatic injection valve. The variables of the system studied were the pump speed, pump-throttle setting, discharge-orifice diameter, injection-valve opening and closing pressures, and inj… more
Date: May 15, 1932
Creator: Gelalles, A. G. & Marsh, E. T.
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