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The Relationship Between Cohesion and Performance in Competitive Bowling Teams
The purpose of this present investigation was twofold: to determine the relationship between cohesion and performance for successful and unsuccessful bowling teams and to investigate the internal consistency of items from the Group Environment Questionnaire. Subjects were 148 bowling teams (28 men's, 55 women's, 65 mixed--3-5 members each) from 14 different leagues. Results revealed that task cohesion (ATGT) in early, mid, and late season, as well as social cohesion (ATGS) in late season significantly differentiated between high/low cohesion teams. In addition, successful teams (i.e., league position) exhibited significantly higher levels of both task and composite cohesion. All cohesion scales, with the exception of ATGS in early season, revealed a moderate to high level of internal consistency.
A Comparison of Student and Student-Athlete Drug Use and Attitudes Toward Drug Testing of Athletes
In response to a NCAA ruling, North Texas State University (NTSU) launched a comprehensive drug testing, drug education and counseling program for its athletes effective August 1, 1986. This study assessed and compared NTSU student-athlete and student alcohol and drug use. In addition, attitudes toward a variety of sports-related drug topics, including mandatory athletic drug testing, were assessed and compared. The study revealed significant differences between student-athletes and students in drug use of the following: steroids, marijuana, cocaine, psychedelics, and amphetamines. Both groups favored mandatory drug testing of athletes.
Three Dimensional Comparison of Free Throw Shooting: the Women's Small Ball vs. the Large Ball
The purposes of this study were to quantify, in three dimensions (3D), kinematic parameters of the free throw shot with both the women's small ball and the large ball, and to compare the parameters of the small ball to the large ball. Nine female varsity college basketball players were filmed and the 3D data were computed with the Nonlinear Transformation method. Statistical analysis of parameters including ball trajectory and body position failed to show an effect for ball condition. Since the velocity of release was not statistically different between the two balls and the ball mass was different, the results suggest that impulse is the differing factor.
Ground Reaction Forces and Ankle and Knee Moments During Rope Skipping
Ground reaction force (GRF) data collected and synchronized with film data to determine peak GRF and calculate moments about ankle and knee during rope skipping. Two, five minute conditions were analyzed for 10 subjects. Condition 1 was set rate and style. Condition 2 was subjects' own rate and style. Means and standard deviations were reported for peak GRF, ankle and knee moments. One way ANOVAs reported no significant difference between conditions for variables measured. Efficiency and nature of well phased impacts during rope skipping may be determined by combination of GRF, similarities in magnitude and direction of joint moments, and sequencing of segmental movements. Technique and even distribution of force across articulations appear more important than magnitudes of force produced by given styles.
A Description of Leisure Counseling Services in Texas Community Mental Health and Mental Retardation Centers
The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of leisure counseling provided in Texas Community Mental Health and Mental Retardation Centers. Data was gathered from responses to a survey sent to Texas Community MHMR Centers. There was a ninety-three per cent response rate. The results indicated leisure counseling was not being provided, although some minor components of leisure counseling were being conducted at individual centers. Recommendations were made for expansion of recreation programs, the institution of counseling sessions dealing with leisure related topics on a regular basis, the use of leisure interests.:assessment instruments, and the development of a systematic recreation information referral system.
A Study of the Status of Cooperative Relationships Between the YMCA and Municipal Recreation in the State of Texas
This study investigated the perceptions of administrators of the YMCA and municipal recreation departments in the state of Texas concerning their cooperative relationship in the use of areas and facilities, personnel management, and program planning. A questionnaire was used to obtain their perceptions. Of the 140 questionnaires mailed, ninety-two were returned that were able to be utilized in the study. Their responses were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The findings revealed a general agreement concerning the lack of cooperation between them. This wat evidenced in that they "never" or "seldom" communicated, consulted with the other, initiated joint sponsorship of programs, or cooperated in the three specified areas of recreational programming.
Relationship Between Coaches' Leadership Style and Burnout
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between leadership behavior and perceived burnout of coaches. Head coaches from high schools and from Southeast and Southwest Conference universities were included in the sample (N=302). Coaches completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire, Social Desirability Scale and a demographic data sheet. Coaches were separated into two leadership behavior groups and classified as Consideration or as Initiating Structure. It was predicted that coaches in the Consideration Group would have a higher level of perceived burnout. A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted and indicated significant differences in four subscales of the MBI. Specifically, coaches in the Consideration Group scored significantly higher in the frequency and intensity dimension of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales (p<.001).
A Comparative Study of the Physical Education Status and the Academic Status of One Hundred Senior Girls of N. R. Crozier Technical High School of Dallas, Texas, in May, 1947
The purposes of the study were: (1) To determine the relation of the ratings of the students in activities in the physical education program by physical education instructors and the General Motor Capacity Scores made by the students; (2) To determine the relation of the physical education grades and the General Motor Capacity Scores of the students; (3) To determine the relation of the physical education grades and the academic grades of the students; (4) To determine the relation of the Intelligence Quotients and the General Motor Capacity Scores of the students; (5) To determine the relation of the academic grades and the General Motor Capacity Scores of the students.
The Development of an American Social Dance Program for Boude Storey Junior High School, Dallas, Texas
The problem was to develop, as one phase of physical education, a program of American social dance suitable to contribute to the needs and interests of the students of Boude Storey Junior High School, Dallas, Texas.
A Critical Analysis of a Method for Selecting Community School Sites for Experimental Health Programs in Texas
This study analyzes the method used in the selection of six community schools to participate in a three-year exploratory program for improving health education in Texas.
The Establishment of Norms for Two Selected Tennis Skills Tests at North Texas State University
The purposes of this study were 1) to establish validity and reliability for a modified service test, 2) to determine male and female norms for the service test, and 3) to establish norms for the Kemp-Vincent Rally Test. Subjects were 677 students enrolled in beginning and intermediate tennis classes at North Texas State University, Denton, Texas. Data were analyzed by the two-way analysis of variance to establish reliability. Norms were established by converting raw scores to normalized standard T-scores. Conclusions of the investigation were 1) the modified service test is valid and reliable, and 2) there is a need for separate male and female norms when the skill is governed by strength.
Psychobiological and Pacing Characteristics of Field Tested Endurance Performance
This study investigated the psychobiological and pacing characteristics of the 1.5 mile run. Sixty-six males (18-27 years) performed the run, and were monitored for ratings of perceived exertion, heart rate and split times. The perceived exertion values increased in a near-linear fashion inconsistent with other measures, and thus are not considered a supportable indicator of physiological performance during the run. Pace was characterized by an initial sprint that slowed to a near-steady pace and concluded with a final sprint. The initial and final sprints were most highly related to the variance of performance time. Initially, heart rate accelerated greatly. This acceleration slowed, ending in near-maximum heart rates. The data suggested that performance may rely heavily upon anaerobic mechanisms, and that variance in previously reported correlational analyses of VO2max and 1.5 mile run performance times may be somewhat due to anaerobic mechanisms.
A Comparison of Selected Coachability Traits as Ranked by Male and Female Coaches
The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences and relationships in male and female coaches assessment of coachability traits. Subjects were twenty-five male and twenty-five female coaches, The testing included a paired comparison of ten coachability traits, Data were analyzed by a Pearson product-moment coefficient of correlation and analysis of variance. The conclusion of this study was that the two groups of subjects are very similar in the selection of coachability traits.
The Effects of Three Conditions Involving Active or Passive Observers Upon Performance of College Females on a Volleyball Overhand Serve Test
The purposes of the study were to determine if college females perform best on the AAHPER Volleyball Serve Test with classmates passively or actively observing, or instructor only actively observing, and to determine which condition was best for high, medium, and low skilled beginners. Subjects were sixty-three college females. Data were analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Conclusions of the investigation were beginners perform better with active than passive observers present; highly skilled beginners perform better with active observers than instructor only present; medium skilled beginners perform better with active observers and instructor only than passive observers present; and low skilled beginners showed no significant difference between conditions.
A Normative Study of the Physical Fitness of Fourteen-, Fifteen-, and Sixteen-Year-Old Navajo Girls Using the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test
The purpose of this study is to measure the physical fitness levels of Navajo girls fourteen to sixteen years of age using the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test and to establish norms based upon scores determined from test results from seven schools. These norms are also compared to national norms found in the manual accompanying the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test. The results of this study give an indication of the overall fitness level of fourteen-, fifteen-, and sixteenyear-old Navajo girls. Of the seven test items, the Navajo norms were below the national norm on five items and above on the softball throw and 600 yard run-walk
Study of the Programs of Professional Preparation in Physical Education Colleges in India; Comparison of the Programs with the Recommendations Made by a National Conference on Professional Preparation in Health Education, Physical Education and Recreation Education, Washington, D. C., 1962
Data were obtained through the syllabi and the questionnaires returned by the head of physical education institutes in India. From a total of thirty-seven questionnaires sent, sixteen were returned representing fourteen different institutions. The programs in India showed some diversity among the institutions regarding the length of time required to complete the courses and minimum qualifications prescribed for admission to the program. The programs did not meet the recommendations of the conference either in length or content. The newer programs more nearly met the recommendations.
A Study of the Predisposition for Mycobacterium Kansasii Infections in Dallas and Tarrant Counties Due to "Influenza-Like" Infections
The problem of this study was to review within Dallas and Tarrant Counties the relationship between an "influenza-like" illness within six months prior to contracting Mycobacterium kansasii disease. An interview instrument was developed and used during personal interviews to collect data. Additional data of case rates and reported cases was compiled from local and national governmental public health agencies. Analysis of the data indicated no significant difference between an individual contracting an "influenzalike" illness within six months prior to the acquiring of Mycobacterium kansasii disease. Therefore, there is no relationship between having had influenza-like symptoms within six months of contracting Mycobacteria kansasii.
The Influence of Psychological Stress and Personality upon Athletic Performance of Intercollegiate Tennis Players
This investigation was designed to study coach and self-appraised groupings of intercollegiate tennis players who yield to stress and withstand stress and to determine if personality differences existed between groups. Subjects were 75 intercollegiate tennis players from Texas. A stress inventory and the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire were instruments utilized in the study. Data were subjected to hierarchical profile-groupings, three-way analyses of variance, and a correlational analysis. Conclusions of the study were that intercollegiate tennis players and male and female players respond to stress differently; intercollegiate tennis players and male and female players who experience different levels of stress have different personalities; and players and coaches do not evaluate the ability to cope with stress similarly.
Male Attitudes Toward Sport Participation by Females
This investigation was designed to determine if attitudinal differences toward involvement of females in athletic competitions existed between males when age, education, and sport backgrounds were considered. Subjects were 186 male employees of Air Products and Chemicals, Incorporated and the City of De Soto, Texas, and students at North Texas State University. A fifty-one item attitude inventory developed by the investigator was the instrument utilized in the study. Data were analyzed by a three-way analysis of variance. Conclusions of the study were that males of various ages, educational levels, and sport backgrounds do not differ in their attitudes and possess favorable opinions toward female sport participation, Males with nonactive sport backgrounds were more favorable than males with active-semiactive backgrounds when spectators at female sport events.
A Comparison of Perceived Exertion Ratings of Aerobic Dance and Treadmill Performances Among College Age Males and Females
The purposes of the study were to compare ratings of perceived exertion of aerobic dance and treadmill performances under equal work loads and to compare ratings of perceived exertion by males and females in aerobic dance and treadmill work. Subjects were twenty-six college men and women in co-educational conditioning classes. Heart rates were monitored after work bouts and perceived exertion was determined using Borg's RPE scale. Data were analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Conclusions of the investigation were: (1) aerobic dance is perceived as less strenuous than the treadmill under equal work loads, and (2) males and females perceive aerobic dance as less strenuous than the treadmill under equal energy bouts.
Chronic Alterations in Joint Flexibility Associated with Aerobic Dance Instruction of College Age Females
The purposes of this study were (1) to determine if three selected aerobic dance related conditions would result in chronic alterations of flexibility of college women and (2) to compare flexibility measures of college age females during a semester of aerobic dance instruction. Subjects were sixty-three college women enrolled in aerobic dance, bowling, and archery classes. Eight flexibility measures were obtained during the third and eleventh weeks of the experimental period. Data were analyzed by a factor analysis the Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and eight oneway analyses of covariance. Conclusions of the investigation were (1) a program of aerobic dance alone is not sufficient to promote flexibility, and (2) supplemental flexibility activities of ten minutes duration used with aerobic dance training are beneficial in increasing hip flexion.
A Cinematographic Comparison of Two Long-Hang Kip Techniques on the Horizontal Bar
This study used cinematography to determine differences in velocity, acceleration, moments of force, and body centers of gravity in four different positions of two techniques of the long-hang kip. Three female gymnasts performed five attempts of each technique: the traditional method, with an arch in the lower back at the end of the forward swing, and approximate shoulder angle of 180 degrees or more; and the newer method, with no arch in the lower back and approximate shoulder angle of 90 degrees or less. Three. USGF-rated judges scored the kips, and due to inability to distinguish between the two techniques, two subjects were eliminated. Major differences occurred in the swing extension, with the newer technique producing more velocity and a higher center of gravity throughout the movement.
A Comparison of Three Selected Exercises in Building Abdominal Strength and Endurance in Upper Elementary School Girls
This study compares the effectiveness of three selected exercises (curl-up, conventional hook sit-up and modified hook sit-up) in building abdominal strength and endurance in upper elementary school girls. Ninety-nine subjects were randomly divided into four groups. The study was designed to determine (1) whether an eight week exercise program can increase abdominal strength and endurance; (2) the most effective exercise; (3) if muscle action intensity affects the results. A cable tensiometer measured abdominal strength and a timed sit-up measured abdominal endurance. An analysis of covariance determined significance. Significant gains in abdominal strength and endurance were shown by the conventional hook sit-up. Further study on the relationship between muscle development and maturation in young children is recommended.
Attitudes of Texas Secondary School Curriculum Administrators Toward Education for Leisure
This investigation seeks to determine the administrator's attitudes toward education for leisure taught through the education process as it prepares the youth of today for the use of their leisure time. A 26-question questionnaire was mailed to 100 administrators, Descriptive data was requested to aid the Chi-square analysis at the .05 level performed on each question, A 74-percent return was received. The administrators expressed a favorable attitude toward education for leisure. The present degree held by the administrators did have a significant relationship to their expressed attitudes. It is recommended that classes specifically related to education for leisure be included in the school curriculum.
The Effect of Hypoxic Training Upon the Speed of Sprint Freestyle in High School Competitive Swimming
This study investigated possible effects of hypoxic training upon speed of high school sprint freestyle. Thirty-eight subjects, grouped as their two schools, performed identical loads during the ten-week program. The Experimental group used hypoxic techniques for about one-half of each workout. Pretests and posttests conducted for the 50-yard and 100-yard distances yielded highly correlated mean scores, with marked differences between the two groups. Analysis of covariance was used, selecting the .05 level for rejection. The comparison of adjusted group means indicated neither group superior at 50 yards, while the 100-yard F-ratio was significant at the .0047 level favoring hypoxic training. It is recommended that hypoxic techniques be incorporated into existing programs, possibly benefitting other strokes.
An Evaluation of Therapeutic Recreation Services Provided for Psychiatric Clients in the State of Texas
The problem with which this study is concerned is the delineation of current practices in therapeutic recreation in psychiatric treatment centers in Texas, The programs of the forty-two hospitals responding to the survey questionnaire were evaluated in terms of the National Therapeutic Recreation Society's "Standards for Therapeutic Recreation in Psychiatric Facilities." It was determined that, while the use of recreation in psychiatric rehabilitation is widespread, many programs are not administratively independent., A close association between recreation and occupational therapy was found. Extensive recreation facilities and activities were reported. Use of community resources was widespread, but follow-up and leisure counseling services were rare. Most personnel had no recreation training. The evaluation showed limited compliance with the standards.
The Resilient Effects of Three String Tensions in Seven Different Tennis Rackets
The problem of this study was to investigate the resilient effects of selected string tensions in various types of tennis rackets. The rackets selected were the Wilson T-2000, Head Professional, Head Master, Dunlop Fort, Dunlop Austral, and Yamaha Composite. Each racket was randomly strung and tested at 45, 52.5, and 60 pounds of string tension. The testing involved dropping a tennis ball 100 inches onto the racket face, which was stationary, and measuring the height of the ball bounce. The data collected from the rackets and string tensions were analyzed by the analysis of variance and the .05 level of confidence was used to determine significance. A significant difference occurred between the Head Professional and Wilson T-2000 and the Head Professional and Yamaha Composite. Significant differences occurred between all three string tensions.
An Analytical Study of Basketball Shooting in Twenty Intercollegiate Basketball Games for Men in Selected Colleges in the Southwest Region of the United States During the Season of 1948-1949
The investigator made an analytical study of basketball shooting in twenty intercollegiate basketball games for men in selected colleges in the southwest region of the United States during the season of 1948-1949.
A Comparative Study of the Habits, Attitudes, and Opinions in Regard to Cigarette Smoking on the Part of Three Hundred Freshman and Sophomore Women Students and Three Hundred Freshman and Sophomore Men Students Enrolled in Physical Education Activity Classes during the Spring Semester of the 1948-1949 Session at North Texas State College, Denton Texas
In undertaking this study the investigator had the following purposes: 1. To determine the percentage of the college women of the study who are cigarette smokers. 2. To determine the percentage of the college men of the study who are cigarette smokers. 3. To determine the carious habits of the students who participated in the study in regard to cigarette smoking. 4. To determine the students' reasons for smoking cigarettes. 5. To determine the opinions and attitudes of the students of the study in regard to cigarette smoking. 6. To compare the women students with the men students of the study in regard to cigarette smoking on the basis of the data obtained.
The Physical, Social and Scholastic Attainments of Forty-Two Athletes and Forty-Two Non-Athletes in the High School, Bonham, Texas
The purpose of this study was to make a comparison of the mental, the physical, and the social attainments of forty-two athletes and forty-two non-athletes during a nine-months period in the Senior High School in Bonham, Texas.
A Proposed Program of Intramural Sports for Men at Baylor University
The purpose of the study is to construct an intramural sports program for men at Baylor University. The careful consideration of the existing situation, in the light of theories (regarding the role of intramurals in the physical education program) accepted by recognized authorities in the field, provides a practical basis for the construction of an intramural sports program designed to meet more adequately the needs of the men students enrolled in the university.
An Analytical Study of Articles Published in Selected Issues of Five Popular Weekly Periodicals from January, 1947, to January, 1948, Pertaining to the Areas of Health Education, Physical Education, and Recreation
The investigator undertook an analytical study of articles published in selected issues of five popular weekly periodicals from January, 1947, to January, 1948, pertaining to the areas of health and physical education and recreation.
A Comparative Study of Health Knowledge and Health Practices of Athletes and Non-Athletes in Selected Class A Texas High Schools for the School Year of 1948-1949
The investigator made a comparative study of the health knowledge and health practices of participants in interscholastic athletics for boys and non-participants in a selected number of class A Texas high schools during the school session of 1948-1949.
A Study of the Validity of Brace's Basketball Achievement Tests as a Measure of Real Playing Ability of Individual Players of District 35 B University of Texas Interscholastic League for the 1950 Season
The investigator made a study to determine the validity of the Brace Basketball Achievement Tests as a measure of real basketball playing ability of individual players of District 35 B of the University of Texas Interscholastic League for the 1950 season.
The History of the Growth and Development of the Health Service Program of North Texas State Teachers College from November 1918 through August 1941
The purpose of this study is to trace the growth and development of the health service program of the North Texas State Teachers College from 1918-1941 through Campus Chat files, the Minute Book of the Board of Regents of the Teachers College, college records, hospital records, and personal interviews with staff members of North Texas State Teachers college who have been affiliated with the program since its beginning in 1918.
Fatigue and Recuperation Curves under Varying Lengths of Intertrial Recovery Periods
The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect that strength level had upon fatigue and recuperation under the two conditions of five- and thirty-second interval duration periods. Another purpose was to compare the results of this study to similar studies using male subjects in order to determine if women's response patterns to tests of strength were similar to those of men.
The Effects of Rotation Around Two Axes of the Body Upon Static Balance
The problem of this study was to investigate the effect of the rotation around two axes of the body upon static balance as measured by the stork stand, the headstand, and the one foot balance.
The Effect of the Vertical Peg Board on the Performance of Pull-Ups by Elementary-School Boys
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the use of the vertical peg board on the performance of the pull-ups by boys in grades five and six in an elementary school in the North Texas area.
A Study of the Effects of Competition Upon the Personality Adjustment of High School Girls
This thesis examines whether significant differences existed in the personality traits of high school girls who had undergone different types of competitive experiences. Those considered were interscholastic league basketball, debate, drill team and school band. A group of girls who had not engaged in competition was also included.
Construction of a Wall Test for the Badminton Short Serve and the Effect of Wall Practice on Court Performance
The purpose of this study is to construct and validate a wall type test of badminton short serve skill by comparison with the French Short Serve test and to determine the effect of changing the distance through which the serve must pass on scores made on tests with and without a restraining line.
A Comparative Survey of the Qualifications of Municipal Recreation Directors in the Southwest District and Standards Recommended by the National Recreation and Park Association
This study investigated the background and experience of municipal recreation directors in the Southwest District of the United States and compared these qualifications with standards recommended by the National Recreation and Park Association.
Effects of Competitive Basketball Experiences of Girls in the Gainesville State Training School upon Selected Personal and Social Behavior Patterns
This study compared the effects of competitive basketball experiences, no basketball experiences, and choral experiences of girls in the Gainesville State Training School upon selected personality factors, behavior, and social status.
The Relationship of the Volleyball Pass, the Repeated Wall Volleys, and Volleyball Playing Ability of Eleventh Grade Girls
This study sought to determine the relationship of the volleyball pass, the repeated wall volleys, and volleyball playing ability, as measured by a panel of four judges, using 120 eleventh grade girls enrolled in physical education classes at Odessa High School, Odessa, Texas, for the Fall semester of 1967.
A Study of Relationships of Motor Creativity, Tap Dance Skill, and Tap Dance Choreography
This study sought to determine the relationship of motor creativity, tap dance skill, and experience in tap dance choreography to the ability to choreograph tap dances.
A Study of the Relationship between Balance on Stationary and Moving Objects
This study investigated the relationship between balance on a moving base and balance on a stationary base. The hypothesis chosen for this investigation was that the correlation between the two types of balance would be zero.
A Study of the Effects of Fatigue, as Induced by the Harvard Step Test, on Kinesthetic Perception
The purpose of the study was to ascertain the effects of induced fatigue on performance of the balance, lengthwise test, the leg raise test, the vertical space te4st, and the separate feet test.
The Effects of Viewing Loopfilm on Tennis Skill and Form
This study was an attempt to determine the effectiveness of loopfilms as a supplement to the demonstration-explanation method of teaching sports skills.
Attitudes of Junior High School Female Athletes and Non-Athletes toward Physical Education
This investigation is concerned with the problem of determining whether or not a significant difference exists between attitudes of junior high school female athletes and non-athletes toward physical education.
Strenght and Flexibility Gains in Supplementary Weight Training Programs Using Two Different Weight Training Apparatus
The purpose of this study was to investigate strength and flexibility development as each is affected by three training programs using two apparatuss the Exer-Genie and the Super-Mini-Gym.
The Personality Characteristics of High School Male Gymnasts
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the personality characteristics of high school male gymnasts and the personality characteristics of high school football athletes and non-athletes. An attempt was made to answer three specific questions: I. Do personality differences exist between the gymnastic group and the non-athletic group? II. Do personality differences exist between the gymnastic group and the football group? III. Do personality differences exist between the football group and the non-athletic group?
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