Office of Technology Assessment - 1,030 Matching Results
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- Distributive justice and the allocation of technological resources to the elderly
- This report examines the problems if distributive justice and the allocation of technological resources to the elderly. The second part of this report looks more narrowly at the specific question of the use of age as a criterion in the allocating of technological resources. The third part provides a closer examination of health care resources seeing whether the nature of the resources may have a bearing on how they are distributed.
- Do Insects Transmit AIDS?
- In this report: 1) the evidence for the possibility of insect transmission of HIV infection is summarized, and 2) areas for further investigation are identified.
- Do Medicaid and Medicare Patients Sue More Often Than Other Patients?
- This background paper also responds to the request of the Congressional Sunbelt Caucus that OTA examine and judge the available evidence on whether Medicaid and Medicare patients, particularly obstetrics patients, are more litigious than other patients.
- Does Health Insurance Make a Difference?
- This background paper reviews and evaluates the available literature linking health insurance coverage with the utilization and process of health care services and with individual health outcomes.
- Does Vocational Education Help the "Forgotten Half"?: Short-term Economic Consequences of High School Vocational Education for Non-College Students
- This background paper uses very recent data to address that question for individuals just one year out of high school. The paper also presents data on the types of occupations that these young people engage in, and rough statistical correlations between those occupations and types of high-school-level vocational coursework.
- Drug Bioequivalence
- Report of the findings from a panel of the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) regarding drug bioequivalence therapies. According to the report, the purpose of the Drug Bioequivalence Study Panel "was to examine the relationships between the chemical and therapeutic equivalence of drug products and to assess the capability of current technology -- short of therapeutic trials in man -- to determine whether drug products with the same physical and chemical composition produce comparable therapeutic effects" (p. 5).
- Drug Labeling in Developing Countries
- This report discusses the pharmaceutical labeling requirements imposed on U.S.-based companies by the laws of the United States and the barriers to U.S. regulation of their labeling in other countries.
- Drugs in Livestock Feed: Volume 1: Technical Report
- A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) over the use of drugs in livestock feed
- Economic considerations in regulating neurotoxic substances
- This report discusses economic consideration in regulating neurotoxic substances which involves balancing the economic benefits of utilizing these substances commercially against their actual or potential risks to human health and the environment.
- Economic incentives and disincentives for recycling of municipal solid waste
- This report is divided into an Executive Summary and four chapters. These chapters examine Federal subsidies to virgin materials, the potential for Federal subsidies for recycled materials, Federal subsidies for alternative energy sources, and state efforts at increasing recycling through tax incentives.
- Educating scientists and engineers: grade school to grad school
- This report examines how and why students are drawn toward or deterred from pursuing a career in science or engineering. Schools, families, peers, informal education efforts-such as museums, science centers, special programs, and television— all play a role. The subtitle of this report—Grade School to Grad School—emphasizes that many factors and institutions must be understood as all one system.
- Education and Technology: Future Visions
- This paper summarizes the workshop discussion and contains the commissioned papers in their entirety. In June 1995, the contractors and a number of other prominent educators were invited to OTA for an all-day workshop to discuss these papers and the issues more broadly.
- Educational technology: information networks, markets, and innovation
- This report aims to provide an insight about reasons why educational markets are under-producing educational software, and what thoughtful, practical remedies can be employed to bring the production of educational software up to the socially desirable level.
- Effectiveness and Costs of Osteoporosis Screening and Hormone Replacement Therapy, Vol. I: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
- This paper assesses the medical benefits and costs of both screening and hormone replacement therapy. It is divided into two volumes. This volume presents the results of a model that estimates the cost per year of life gained from osteoporosis screening and hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
- Effectiveness and Costs of Osteoporosis Screening and Hormone Replacement Therapy, Vol. II: Evidence on Benefits, Risks, and Costs
- This paper assesses the medical benefits and costs of both screening and hormone replacement therapy. It is divided into two volumes. This volume provides the basis for the assumptions about the costs and effects of screening and hormonal replacement therapy used in the cost-effectiveness model.
- The effectiveness of AIDS educational programs for intravenous drugs users
- The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential effectiveness of “educational” programs for preventing the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS among IV drug users.
- The Effectiveness of AIDS Prevention Efforts
- The report discusses trends in numbers of AIDS cases, approaches to AIDS prevention--changing behavior, efforts designed for the American people as a whole, and preventing AIDS among different groups.
- The Effectiveness of Drug Abuse Treatment: Implications for Controlling AIDS/HIV Infection
- This Background Paper examines the evidence of the effectiveness of drug abuse treatment; it also evaluates the role that such treatment might play in reducing the spread of HIV. Because most intravenous drug users are not in treatment, the paper also examines other approaches to HIV prevention among this high-risk group.
- The effectiveness of educational programs to help prevent school-age youth from contracting HIV: a review of relevant research
- This report reviews the research on AIDS and sex education programs. It examines the more significant studies that have evaluated the actual impact of those programs upon various outcomes, including knowledge, attitudes, skills and sexual behaviors.
- The Effectiveness of Research and Experimentation Tax Credits
- This report assesses how well the research and experimentation R&E tax credit is currently understood, identifies inadequacies in the existing data and analyses, investigates implementation issues, considers the tax credit in the context of corporate R&D trends and Federal R&D policy more broadly, draws appropriate international comparisons, and specifies important avenues for further research.
- The effects of distance learning: a summary of the literature: paper for the Congress of the United States, Office of Technology Assessment
- This report offers a brief review of the general characteristics of distance education, and reports the research of the 1980s on the main issues in teaching, learning, educational planning. organization and policy making with regard to use of communications technology in contemporary distance education.
- Effects of federal policies on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
- A report on OTA’s assessment of payment for physician services: strategies for medicare
- Effects of Information Technology on Financial Services Systems
- A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that "describes the technologies now and likely to be available to providers and users of financial services" (p. iii).
- The Effects of Nuclear War
- An assessment by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) examining "the full range of effects that nuclear war would have on civilians: direct effects from blast and radiation; and indirect effects from economic, social, and political disruption" (Foreward).
- Effects of office automation on the public sector workforce: a case study
- The objective of this report is to identify and explore conditions under which office automation has been successfully and productively implemented in New York city municipal offices.
- Effects of quality of care information on consumer choice of physicians and hospitals
- This report discusses the necessity of quality health care information, the access to health information and the intentions of providing such information.
- Electric Power Wheeling and Dealing: Technological Considerations for Increasing Competition
- This assessment analyzes how the Nation’s power systems could accommodate various proposals for competition intended to make the electric power industry more responsive to market forces. Operation of an electric power system is extremely complex, and increased competition could have serious effects on costs and reliability if not implemented carefully. The assessment identifies the technical requirements that must be met to keep the system working well as the level of competition increases, and determines how competitive enterprises could meet these requirements.
- Electric power wheeling and dealing: technological considerations for increasing competition: volume II--contractor documents, part A.
- This report presents the results of a survey concerning state transmission line certification and sitting procedures, and state energy planning processes.
- Electric power wheeling and dealing: technological considerations for increasing competition: volume II--contractor documents, part B.
- This report discusses the temporal and economic factors of electric utilities in United States that make transmission constrains vary with time, and material specific to the individual cases. A particular focus of the investigation was the degree to which the transmission system would limit, or be affected by, the various scenarios.
- Electric power wheeling and dealing: technological considerations for increasing competition: volume II--contractor documents, part C.
- This report is to provide the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) with an overview of some of the investment issues affecting the future of the electric power industry in support of OTA's ongoing study on competition in the industry. The paper is organized in three chapters.
- Electric power wheeling and dealing: technological considerations for increasing competition: volume II--contractor documents, part D.
- This report discusses the assessment of survey of utilities' reactions to order to determine reactions to change the industry's competitive environment.
- Electronic Bulls and Bears: U.S. Securities Markets and Information Technology
- This report responds to requests by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce and the House Committee on Government Operations to assess the role that communication and information technologies play in the securities markets. The Committee desired a benchmark for gauging progress made toward the national market system envisioned by the 1975 Act. This report assesses the current use of information technology by U.S. securities exchanges and over-the-counter dealers, by related futures and options markets, and by associated industries and regulatory agencies.
- Electronic delivery of public assistance benefits: technology options and policy issues
- This background paper discusses the technological options available for use in an electronic system to deliver public assistance benefits, the privacy and security implications of such a system, and the programmatic effects of changing to an electronic delivery system. It was requested by the Subcommittee on the Handicapped of the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.
- Electronic Enterprises: Looking to the Future
- This report takes a strategic look at the development of electronic commerce and identifies the characteristics of the infrastructure that will be required to support it. The report found that, in an electronically networked economy, the design and underlying architecture of the global information infrastructure will have a major impact on national economic growth and development.
- The Electronic supervisor: new technology, new tensions
- This report deals with the use of computer-based technologies to measure how fast or how accurately employees work. New computer-based office systems are giving employers new ways to supervise job performance and control employees’ use of telephones, but such systems are also controversial because they generate such detailed information about the employees they monitor.
- Electronic Surveillance and Civil Liberties
- A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that focuses on "technological developments in the basic communication and information infrastructure of the United States that present new or changed opportunities for and vulnerabilities to electronic surveillance, not on the details of specific surveillance devices" (Foreward).
- Electronic Surveillance in a Digital Age
- This background paper reviews the progress of the industry and the law enforcement agencies in implementing the Act since its approval in October 1994.
- Elementary and Secondary Education for Science and Engineering
- Students make many choices over a long period, and choose a career through a complicated process. This process includes formal instruction in mathematics and science, and the opportunity for informal education in museums, science centers, and recreational programs. The influence of family, teachers, peers, and the electronic media can make an enormous difference. This memorandum analyzes these influences. Because education is “all one system, ” policymakers interested in nurturing scientists and engineers must address the educational environment as a totality; changing only one part of the system will not yield the desired result.
- Emerging Food Marketing Technologies: A Preliminary Analysis
- A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) on the "identification of new or emerging food marketing technologies that will have significant long-range impacts on society and the U.S. food system" (p. 3?).
- Employee monitoring in other industrial democracies
- This report explores how other advanced industrial democracies and some multi - national or international agencies are approaching workplace monitoring,.
- Employee perceptions and supervisory behaviors in clerical VDT work performed on systems that allow electronic monitoring
- The purpose of this report is to obtain empirical data about how the potential monitoring capabilities of new office systems technology are, in fact, being taken up by management and reacted to by employees.
- Energy Efficiency: Challenges and Opportunities for Electric Utilities
- This report focuses on the opportunities for advancing the energy efficiency of the U.S. economy through technology improvements and institutional change in the electric utility sector. In particular, the report examines the prospects for energy savings through expansion of utility demand-side management and integrated resource planning programs and related Federal policy options.
- Energy Efficiency in Federal Facilities: Update on Funding and Potential Savings
- There are two longstanding constraints to implementing more energy efficient practices: 1) a shortage of finds to invest in efficient equipment; and 2) a lack of information for program planning and budgeting about the extent of investment opportunities and about the best finding mechanisms. This paper reviews advances made in addressing these constraints since 1991.
- Energy Efficiency in the Federal Government: Government by Good Example?
- This report focuses on the Federal Government, the Nation’s largest single energy consumer, in terms of the opportunities and constraints for the use of energy efficient technologies. Energy efficient technologies could greatly reduce energy demand growth and spending in the United States and lessen environmental impacts while increasing productivity. Yet, in today’s public and private markets, adoption rates for many of these technologies are low. This report reviews past and current efforts to improve Federal energy efficiency and discusses policy options that could accelerate the adoption of these measures by the Federal Government.
- Energy Efficiency of Buildings in Cities
- A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that "examines the potential for increased energy efficiency in buildings found in cities from two perspectives: that of the energy expert who assesses technical opportunities for improved energy efficiency, and that of the real estate expert who evaluates the financial attractiveness of real estate investment opportunities" (p. iii).
- Energy Efficiency Technologies for Central and Eastern Europe
- This report focuses on the improvement of energy efficiency. It reviews how energy is used in the former centrally planned economies. Then it analyzes the potential effectiveness of modern technology in reducing energy waste and the factors that constrain improvements. The report also examines government programs assisting energy efficiency technology transfer and opportunities for U.S. businesses. Finally, it discusses congressional policy options to support technology transfer.
- Energy From Biological Processes
- An assessment by the Office of Technology Assessment that examines the "energy potential of various sources of plant and animal matter (biomass)," giving an analysis of "prominent biomass issues, summaries of four biomass fuel cycles, a description of biomass' place in two plausible energy futures, and discussions of policy options for promoting energy from biomass" (p. iii).
- Energy from Biological Processes: Volume 2-Technical and Environmental Analyses
- An assessment by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that looks at the potential for biomass resources, which includes plant species and different types of human waste. This volume gives a technical and environmental analysis on the topic that complements the first volume.
- Energy in Developing Countries
- This report, the first of two, was prepared in response to the requesting committees’ interest in receiving an interim product. It examines how energy is supplied and used in developing countries, and how energy use is linked with economic and social development and environmental quality.
- Energy Technology Choices: Shaping Our Future
- The report provides a broad overview of energy choices facing the Nation. It is not an exhaustive analysis of any one technology; rather, it draws together the main themes of OTA reports from the past 16 years, and other documents, into an outline of the main directions the country could follow.