National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) - 1,181 Matching Results
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- Some Recent Contributions to the Study of Transition and Turbulent Boundary Layers
- Report presenting a paper in two parts about transition and turbulent boundary layers. The first part reviews the current problem of the instability of laminar boundary layers. The second part reviews the current state of knowledge of the mechanics of turbulent boundary layers and of the methods now being used for fundamental studies of the turbulent fluctuations in turbulent boundary layers.
- Performance of B. M. W. 185-horsepower airplane engine
- Report discusses the results of testing on a B.M.W. engine in an altitude chamber where temperature and pressure can be controlled to simulate flight at various altitudes. Results for various engine speeds, altitudes, and propeller speeds are provided.
- Intercooler cooling-air weight flow and pressure drop for minimum drag loss
- Report presenting an analysis of the power losses in airplane flight of cross-flow plate and tubular intercoolers to determine the cooling-air weight flow and pressure drop that give minimum total power loss for any given cooling effectiveness. The investigation covers a range of flight conditions of altitude, airspeed, lift-drag ratio, supercharger-pressure ratio, and adiabatic efficiency.
- Lioré-Olivier LeO 194 Seaplane
- Report presenting a description of the Lioré-Olivier LeO 194 seaplane and a particular series of flights made over several months. Its fuselage is made entirely of wood. It has 6 gasoline tanks each with a capacity of 255 liters. It is a single engine biplane with wings mounted above the body of the seaplane.
- Review of Flight Tests of NACA C and D Cowlings on the XP-42 Airplane
- Report presenting the results of flight tests of the performance and cooling characteristics of three NACA D cowlings and of a conventional NACA C cowling on the XP-42 airplane. The D cowling is, generally, characterized by the use of an annular inlet and diffuser section for the engine-cooling air. An increase in maximum speed was noted in the XP-42 airplane due to the change from a C cowling to a D cowling.
- The Transformation of Heat in an Engine
- This report presents a thermodynamic basis for rating heat engines. The production of work by a heat engine rests on the operation of supplying heat, under favorable conditions, to a working fluid and then taking it away.
- The C.A.M.S. 60 Seaplane (French): A Twin-Engine Bombing and Torpedo Monoplane
- Circular presenting a description of the C.A.M.S. 60, which is a twin-engine monoplane with a medium-thickness wing and two floats. Details of the wings, engines, fuselages, floor, rear cabin, floats, and flying qualities are provided.
- The S.A.B.C.A. "S.XI" Commercial Airplane (Belgian): A High-Wing Semicantilever Monoplane
- Circular describing the S.A.B.C.A. S.XI commercial airplane, which is a high-wing semicantilever monoplane. Details of the history of its creation, its design, components, engines, fuel tanks, characteristics, performances, drawings, and photographs are provided.
- D.H. 86 "Express Air Liner" (British): A Four-Engine Biplane
- Circular describing the De Havilland Express Air Liner, which is a four-engine two-bay biplane of clean and well-streamlined form. Details of the cabin, controls, fuselage, tail, wings, engines, cockpit, characteristics, performance, drawings, and photographs are provided.
- The S.P.C.A. 40 T Commercial Airplane (French): An All-Metal Cantilever Monoplane
- Circular describing the S.P.C.A. 40 T, which is a commercial all-metal cantilever airplane that was guided by the two essential requirements of economy and safety in its design. Details of the design, power, test results, fuel tanks, characteristics, performances, drawings, and photographs are provided.
- The Farman "F.300" Commercial Airplane (French): A High-Wing Semicantilever Monoplane
- Circular describing the Farman F.300 airplane, which is a high-wing semicantilever monoplane. Details of the wings, engine, equipment, safety, characteristics, performance, drawings, and photographs are provided.
- The Westland Iv Commercial Monoplane (British): Three "Cirrus III" Engine
- Circular presenting a description of the Westland IV, which is a high-wing monoplane with strut bracing, two outboard engines, a fairly large fuselage that provides comfortable cabin accommodation, and wide-track landing gear. Details of the design, flight characteristics, blueprints, and photographs are provided.
- The Boulton and Paul P.64 Mail-Carrier: A Two-Engine All-Metal Biplane
- Circular presenting a description of the Boulton and Paul P.64 high-performance mail-carrier. It is a two-engine tractor biplane that has been designed to give the specified normal speed with each engine throttled down to approximately half its output. Details of the landing gear, structural features, pilots' compartment, accommodation for mails, controls, power plant, and some flying qualities are provided.
- NACA Investigation of a Jet-Propulsion System Applicable to Flight
- "Following a brief history of the NACA investigation of jet-propulsion, a discussion is given of the general investigation and analyses leading to the construction of the jet-propulsion ground-test mock-up. The results of burning experiments and of test measurements designed to allow quantitative flight-performance predictions of the system are presented and correlated with calculations. These calculations are then used to determine the performance of the system on the ground and in the air at various speeds and altitudes under various burning conditions. The application of the system to an experimental airplane is described and some performance predictions for this airplane are made" (p. 1).
- The "Potez 39" Observation Airplane (French): An All-Metal High-Wing Two-Seat Monoplane
- Circular describing the Potez 39, which is an all-metal high-wing two-seat observation monoplane. Details regarding the design, construction, components, characteristics, drawings, and photographs are provided.
- The Blackburn "Bluebird" Mark IV (British): All-Metal Biplane
- Circular presenting a description of the Blackburn Bluebird Mark IV, which is an all-metal airplane. Details are provided regarding constructional features, the cockpit, the gasoline system, and the flight characteristics.
- Wind-Tunnel Procedure for Determination of Critical Stability and Control Characteristics of Airplanes
- "This report outlines the flight conditions that are usually critical in determining the design of components of an airplane which affect its stability and control characteristics. The wind-tunnel tests necessary to determine the pertinent data for these conditions are indicated, and the methods of computation used to translate these data into characteristics which define the flying qualities of the airplane are illustrated" (p. 1).
- Nitrided-steel piston rings for engines of high specific power
- Report presenting testing of several designs of nitrided-steel piston rings under variable conditions of output. Testing indicated the importance of good surface finish and conformity of the ring to the bore. Results regarding temperature tests, single-cylinder-engine tests, and multicylinder-engine tests are provided.
- The Pander Light Biplane: A School Two-Seater With 45 HP Anzani Engine
- Report presenting a description of the Pander light biplane, including a description of the construction and flying characteristics are provided.
- Laminar-boundary-layer oscillations and transition on a flat plate
- Report presenting an investigation of oscillations in the laminar boundary layer on a flat plate and their relation to transition to turbulent flow. The characteristics of boundary-layer oscillations were studied most successfully when the oscillations were artificially produced by a vibrating ribbon placed in the boundary layer near the surface. A review of theory regarding laminar-boundary-layer oscillations is provided.
- The Caudron P.V. 200 Touring Airplane (French): An All-Metal Amphibian Monoplane
- Circular presenting a description of the Caudron P.V. 200 touring amphibian, which is a two-place cantilever monoplane with folding wings and dual controls. Details of the wing, fuselage, controls, landing gear, flying qualities, and photographs are provided.
- The Mureaux 111 R.2 Military Airplane (French): A Long-Distance All-Metal Observation Monoplane
- Circular describing the Ateliers des Mureaux 111 R.2 military airplane, which is a long-distance all-metal observation monoplane. A description of the design and construction, characteristics, flying qualities, drawings, and photographs are provided.
- The Francois Villiers Marine Pursuit Airplane
- A traditional biplane design allows this craft to function with the speed and maneuverability necessary to perform as a pursuit aircraft while also being able to land on water. It featured retractable landing gear for water landings. It was powered with a 450 HP. Lorraine-Dietrich engine.
- Design of Nozzles for the Individual Cylinder Exhaust Jet Propulsion System
- Report presenting an examination of the design of exhaust-stack nozzles for individual cylinder exhaust-gas jet propulsion and the results of tests on the effect of nozzle area on jet thrust and engine power. A satisfactory method of correlatig the test data for various engine-operating conditions is developed.
- Flight Tests of Several Exhaust-Gas-to-Air Heat Exchangers in the B-17F Airplane
- Report presenting flight testing of seven exhaust-gas-to-air heat exchangers on a B-17F airplane to determine their performance characteristics and to investigate their flame-suppression qualities. Testing was conducted to secure performance data of heat exchangers which might be suitable for use in the thermal ice-prevention and cabin-heating system of the heavy bomber-type airplanes.
- Some New Tests at the Gottingen Laboratory
- The tests at the Gottingen laboratory included: friction tests on a surface treated with emaillite, verification tests on the M.V.A. 356 wing, and comparative tests of wing no. 36 at the Eiffel laboratory. The examination of all these experiments leads to the belief that, at large incidences, the speeds registered by the suction manometer of the testing chamber of the Eiffel laboratory wind tunnel are, owing to pressure drop, greater than the actual speeds. Therefore, the values of k(sub x) and k(sub y) measured at the Eiffel laboratory at large incidences are too low.
- Motion of Spheres in Still Fluids
- "The behavior of a liquid or gaseous medium, in which a solid body can move freely under the action of a force of constant magnitude and direction, is yet little known. Only in connection with a few special problems, which belong in this field, have experiments been tried and these chiefly concern technically important cases. The behavior of the simplest shaped bodies has as yet been scarcely investigated at all" (p. 1).
- The Transference of Heat From a Hot Plate to an Air Stream
- The object of the present study was to define experimentally the field of temperature and velocity in a heated flat plate when exposed to an air stream whose direction is parallel to it, then calculate therefrom the heat transference and the friction past the flat plate, and lastly, compare the test data with the mathematical theory. To ensure comparable results, we were to actually obtain or else approximate: a) two-dimensional flow; b) constant plate temperature in the direction of the stream. To approximate the flow in two dimensions, we chose a relatively wide plate and measured the velocity and temperature in the median plane.
- Contribution to the Systematic Investigation on Joukowsky Profiles
- "This article resulted from the need of showing, in a simple way, how the aerodynamic properties of airfoils are affected by the shape of their profiles. No general solution of this problem could be found, since the profile shapes cannot ordinarily be expressed by simple mathematical formulas. This advantage is possessed only by the Joukowsky profiles and this discussion of the problem is therefore limited to them" (p. 1).
- Kinetographic Determination of Airplane Flight Characteristics
- The author's first experiments with a glider on flight characteristics demonstrated that an accurate flight-path measurement would enable determination of the polar diagram from a gliding flight. Since then he has endeavored to obtain accurate flight measurements by means of kinetograph (motion-picture camera). Different methods of accomplishing this are presented.
- The Mutual Action of Airplane Body and Power Plant
- The present report concerns the development of general propeller performance and r.p.m. curves which, combined with the general curve of the power required for level flight, presents a complete picture of the performance. The curve of power required for level flight in this paper is only an approximation for constant profile drag coefficient, meaning that it is not suitable to unconventional wing sections.
- Application of the Theory of Free Jets
- Based upon Kirchoff's theory of free jets the flow through different screen arrangements of flat plates, as chiefly encountered with turbines in the cavitation zone is defined. It is shown by experiments that these theoretical results are very well representative in most cases of the conditions of discharge from water in air and consequently by cavitation. In addition, the experiments reveal a picture of the discrepancies between the actual flow and the theory of discharge of air in air (of water in water without cavitation).
- Aeromechanical Experimentation (Wind Tunnel Tests)
- The following report endeavors to show that aeromechanical experimentation has become an important aid to theory. Experiments can be tried with separate parts of airplanes or with models of whole airplanes, with propellers, and with anything else that comes into contact with moving air.
- Fatigue of Internal Combustion Engines
- Engine conditions such as pressure characteristics, temperatures, and mechanical fatigue enable the employment of a criterion of general fatigue which simultaneously takes account of both mechanical and thermal conditions, for the sake of comparing any projected engine with engines of the same type already in use.
- Theoretical Investigation of the Effect of the Ailerons on the Wing of an Airplane
- The present work investigates, on the basis of Prandtl's wing theory, the form of the lift distribution when the ailerons are deflected in opposite directions. An ideal fluid and a wing with a rectangular form are assumed. The moments must not cause any rotation of the wing or any deviation from the rectilinear motion.
- Aerial photography : obtaining a true perspective
- Report discussing a demonstration was given within the last few days at the British Museum by Mr. J. W. Gordon, author of "Generalized Linear Perspective" (Constable and Co.), a work describing a newly-worked-out system by which photographs can be made available for the purpose of exactly recording the dimensions of the objects photographed even when the objects themselves are presented foreshortened in the photograph.
- Steel Spars
- A history of English metal spar construction is presented in this paper. The way in which different spar designs or spar materials influence the aircraft wing loading and aerodynamics is described.
- On the Definition of the Standard Atmosphere
- "On April 15, 1920, the under Secretary of State for Aeronautics and Aerial Transport decided to adopt as Standard Atmosphere for official airplane tests in France, the atmosphere defined by the following law, known as the Law of the S.T.You.(Technical Section of Aeronautics): From 0 to 11,000 m. - 0=15-0.0065 Z and above 11,000 m. - 0= -56.5 degrees being the temperature in centigrade degrees at altitude Z expressed in meters. For altitude 0 the pressure is 760 mm of mercury. In the magazine "L'Aeronautique" Mr. A. Toussaint has already written at length on the first studies which led to the elaboration of this law. Since that time the results obtained have been confirmed by fuller and more abundant data which have justified the official adoption of the Law of the S.T.Ae" (p. 1).
- A Study of Curvilinear Flight
- "When an airplane describes a curve it takes a certain time for it to turn from level to inclined position and then back to level again. In the following, we express the motion about the horizontal axis as "roll" or "bank" and the motion perpendicular to the vertical axis, i.e., the actual curve, as "turn." Equations and tables provide results on various aspects of turns, control settings, acceleration, inertia moments, and angular velocity" (p. 2).
- Investigation of Certain Wing Shapes With Sections Varying Progressively Along the Span
- This investigation has a double object: 1) the calculation of the general characteristics of certain wings with progressively varying sections; 2) the determination of data furnishing, in certain cases, some information on the actual distribution of the external forces acting on a wing. We shall try to show certain advantages belonging to the few wing types of variable section which we shall study and that, even if the general aerodynamic coefficients of these wings are not often clearly superior to those of certain wings of uniform section, the wings of variable section nevertheless have certain advantages over those of uniform section in the distribution of the attainable stresses.
- Aeronautical education and research at the Swiss Institute of Technology in Zurich
- Progress in the scientific and practical fields of aviation has caused the Swiss Institute of Technology to organize lectures and practical training courses in all three branches of aeronautics and to found centers of scientific research, laboratories, etc., in order to supply the government and industries with scientifically and technically trained engineers.
- Safety Factors in Aviation
- A formula for calculating the safety of airplanes is given and the stresses on airplane components are calculated. Some questions regarding the information obtained from the formula and its application to safe airplane design for pilots are provided.
- Development of Tailless and All-Wing Gliders and Airplanes
- Tailless airplanes are characterized by having all their control surfaces, especially the elevator, incorporated in the wings. This paper provides a discussion of the history of their development and current state of development.
- The 1929 Rhon soaring-flight contest
- The limitation of the 1929 contest to performance gliders necessitated the establishment of a formula which would make it possible to distinguish between performance gliders and school and training gliders. The sinking speed was therefore adopted as the basis for such a distinction, and the requirement was made that the sinking speed of a performance glider should not exceed 0.8 m/s. The rest of the report details the different entries with regard to design and performance.
- Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of a Wing Having 63 Degree Sweepback and a Drooped Tip
- From Summary: "The results of force tests made at low speed are presented to show the effect of longitudinal static stability produced by drooping the tip of a 63 degree sweptback wing. Five semispan wing models were tested: two incorporated curved drooped tips, two with abruptly drooped tips, and one without droop. The most favorable stability characteristics were measured for a model with an abruptly drooped tip, a fence, and a leading-edge flap; however, the use of these same auxiliary devices on the undrooped wing was nearly as effective."
- Component Operating Trends During Acceleration and Deceleration of Two Hypothetical Two-Spool Turbojet Engines
- Memorandum presenting an investigation of the compressor and turbine operating trends during acceleration and deceleration of two hypothetical two-spool turbojet engines. The two engines have the same component performance maps but the arbitrarily specified ratio of outer- to inner-spool moment of inertia for the second engine is 4 times that specified for the first engine. Results regarding the acceleration characteristics and deceleration characteristics are provided.
- An experimental investigation of two methods for reducing transonic drag of swept-wing and body combinations
- Report presenting an investigation of a wing swept back 35 degrees in combination with one basic body and three modified bodies at a range of Mach numbers from 0.60 to 1.20. Results regarding force studies and pressure studies are provided. The bodies modified according to the Kuchenmann ring-vortex method resulted in superior aerodynamic characteristics except with regard to zero-lift drag at high supersonic Mach numbers.
- Lift, drag, and static longitudinal stability characteristics of four airplane-like configurations at Mach numbers from 3.00 to 6.28
- Report presenting lift, drag, and pitching-moment coefficients, lift-drag ratios, and center-of-pressure positions for four airplane-like configurations determined from tests at a range of Mach numbers and angles of attack. The wings and nose shapes were modified for each of the configurations.
- Effect of Design Compressor Pressure Ratio on Performance of Hypothetical Two-Spool Nuclear-Powered Turbojet Engines
- Memorandum presenting hypothetical two-spool nuclear-powered turbojet engines with sea-level static design compressor total-pressure ratios of 20, 15, and 9 and total-pressure losses between the inner-spool compressor exit and turbine inlet of 10 and 30 percent. Results regarding compressor operating lines, gas-generator performance, engine performance, and some general remarks are provided.
- Flight investigation of pentaborane fuel in 9.75-inch-diameter ram-jet engine with downstream fuel injection
- Report presenting a flight test of pentaborane fuel in an air-launched ramjet engine with a design free-stream Mach number of 1.8. The ramjet used in the investigation had a revised spray bar-flameholder configuration. Results regarding propulsive thrust and propulsive-thrust specific fuel consumption are provided.