From Introduction: "Presented in this report are the basic data obtained from investigation. The data are presented with limited analysis in order to expedite their availability to those concerned with jet-exit-afterbody design."
Report discussing tests to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a model of a 45 degree swept-wing fighter airplane and to determine the loads on attached stores and detached missiles. An investigation into aileron-spoiler effectiveness, aileron hinge moments, and the effects of wing modifications of aerodynamic characteristics was also carried out at various Mach numbers. Results are presented, but caution is provided in regards to extrapolating results from the model onto a full-scale aircraft.
Memorandum presenting an investigation in the Unitary Plan wind tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a model of a 45 degree swept-wing fighter airplane, and to determine the loads on attached stores and detached missiles in the presence of the model. Results also included a determination of aileron-spoiler effectiveness, aileron hinge moments, and the effects of wing modifications on model aerodynamic characteristics. The results are presented with minimum analysis.
From Introduction: "In order to obtain some insight into the relative merits of canard and outboard-tail control systems at supersonic speeds, a preliminary investigation of a generalized canard and outboard-tail model has been conducted in the Langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel at a Mach number of 2.01 and the results are presented herein."
From Introduction: "This paper presents the results of the investigation of the wing-alone and wing-fuselage configurations employing a wing with the quarter-chord line swept back 60^o, aspect ratio 2, taper ratio 0.6, and an NACA 65A006 airfoil section parallel to the free stream."
Report presenting an investigation in the supersonic pressure tunnel at two Mach numbers to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of several jet-spoiler controls on a wing having a 45 degree sweepback of the quarter-chord line, an aspect ratio of 3.5, a taper ratio of 0.3, and an NACA 65A005 airfoil section. Testing indicated that the jet-spoiler effectiveness increased with increasing angle of attack and correlated well with the momentum of jet flow.
From Introduction: "This paper presents the results of an investigation conducted in the Langley 11-inch hypersonic tunnel to evaluate methods of increasing maximum lift-drag ratio."
Report presenting an investigation to determine separately the aerodynamic characteristics of a Douglas Aircraft Company store and a semispan delta-wing-fuselage configuration in the presence of one another. The store was located at the 50-percent-semispan station with the store nose both ahead of and behind the wing leading edge for two longitudinal and three vertical positions.
From Introduction: "In this study wide variations in many of the pertinent aerodynamic were investigated at subsonic and supersonic speeds. The effects of large changes in principal axis inclination and mass distribution are also included. The primary purpose of this paper is to summarize the information obtained from the analog calculations and to compare the results with the trends predicted from a slightly modified version of reference 2."
Memorandum presenting an analysis of the effect of adding fluorine to the Vanguard first-stage oxidant. An increase in specific impulse of 5.74 percent may be obtained with 30 percent fluorine. Charts are provided regarding the vehicle performance increases for a zero-drag vertical trajectory.
From Introduction: "This report presents data pertinent to the problem of boosting rocket performance by adding up to 30 percent liquid fluorine to the liquid oxygen of an existing oxygen-hydrocarbon rocket engine."
From Introduction: "The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical method for the design of two-dimensional related selection of a blade for particular rotor conditions may be made quickly and easily and its performance deduced from tests of representative sections in cascade."
"An investigation of a single-annulus turbojet combustor with slot-type air admission was conducted to demonstrate the application of certain design principles to the control of outlet-gas temperature distributions. Comparisons of performance of a one-quarter-annulus combustor (duct-type installation) and a full-annulus combustor (obtained in a full-scale turbojet engine) are presented to indicate the applicability of results obtained from combustion studies conducted in duct-type installations. A reasonable correlation existed between the performance of the one-quarter-annulus and full-annulus combustors except for temperature distribution" (p. 1).
Report presenting testing of a number of materials and shapes in two supersonic free jets at stagnation temperatures of up to 4,210 degrees Fahrenheit. Some testing was conducted in a supersonic chemical jet and some was conducted in a ceramic-heated air jet. Materials tested included aluminum alloy, copper, Inconel, magnesium, mild steel, molybdenum, stainless steel, titanium, alumina, zirconia, graphite, bakelite, and nylon.
Combustion blow-out velocities were determined for JP-4 solutions containing: (1) 10 % ethylene - decaborane reaction product, (2) 10% and 20% acetylene - diborane reaction product, and (3) 5.5%, 15.7%, and 30.7% methylacetylene - diborane reaction product. These were compared with blow-out velocities for JP-4, propylene oxide, and neohexane and previously reported data for JP-4 solutions of pentaborane. For those reaction products investigated, the blow-out velocities at a fixed equivalence ratio were higher for those materials containing higher boron concentrations; that is, blow-out velocity increased in the following order: (1) methylacetylene - diborane, (2) acetylene - diborane, and (3) ethylene - decaborane reaction products.
Report presenting testing to determine the resistance of a model of a seaplane with a length-beam ratio of 15 and a wing loading of 120 pounds per square foot was determined in smooth water and three wave heights under various conditions of load, speed, elevator setting, angle of dead rise, and center-of-gravity position.
Report presenting time histories of rolling and yawing moments on inclined bodies of revolution with vertical-tail surfaces at several Mach numbers and Reynolds numbers. Three ogival-nose bodies with three overall fineness ratios and a conical-nosed body with a fineness ratio of 12.0 were tested. Results regarding the visual-flow studies, rolling- and yawing-moment measurements, and pressure measurements are provided.
"A theoretical method is presented for predicting the dynamic lateral stability characteristics of an airplane towed in tandem by a much larger airplane. Values of period and time to damp to one-half amplitude and rolling motions calculated by an analog computer have been correlated with results of two experimental investigations conducted in the Langley free-flight tunnel which were part of a U.S. Air Force program (Project FICON) to develop a satisfactory arrangement by which a bomber could tow a parasite fighter. In general, the theoretical results agree with the experimental results" (p. 1).
An approximate method for development of flow and thermal boundary layers in laminar regime on cylinders with arbitrary cross section and transpiration-cooled walls is obtained by use of Karman's integrated momentum equation and an analogous heat-flow equation. Incompressible flow with constant property values throughout boundary layer is assumed. Shape parameters for approximated velocity and temperature profiles and functions necessary for solution of boundary-layer equations are presented as charts, reducing calculations to a minimum. The method is applied to determine local heat-transfer coefficients and surface temperature-cooled turbine blades for a given flow rate. Coolant flow distributions necessary for maintaining uniform blade temperatures are also determined.
From Summary: "An investigation was made in the Langley high-speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel through a Mach number range from 0.60 to 0.93 to determine the effects on the chordwise pressure distributions of projecting various spoiler-type ailerons on a swept wing. The semispan 35 degree sweptback wing had an NACA 65A006 airfoil section, an aspect ratio of 4, and a taper ratio of 0.6. The results of the investigation are presented as curves of chordwise pressure distributions near the midspan of the spoilers (0.46-wing-semispan station)."
From Summary: "Long-range hypervelocity vehicles are studied in terms of their motion in powered flight, and their motion and aerodynamic heating in unpowered flight. Powered flight is analyzed for an idealized propulsion system which rather closely approaches present-day rocket motors. Unpowered flight is characterized by a return to earth along a ballistic, skip, or glide trajectory. Only those trajectories are treated which yield the maximum range for a given velocity at the end of powered flight. Aerodynamic heating is treated in a manner similar to that employed previously by the senior authors is studying ballistic missiles (NACA RM A53D28), with the exception that radiant as well as convective heat transfer is considered in connection with glide and skip vehicles."
Increasing the volume and length of the duct behind the inlet affected the inlet stability at Mach 2.0 and zero angle of attack. Close approximation of the inlet stability limit of the J34 engine-inlet configuration was obtained by a cold-pipe configuration having a length and volume approaching that measured to the engine turbine. Variation of these parameters had a small effect on the minimum subcritical stable mass flow below a cowl-lip-position parameter of 44 degrees and appeared to have a negligible effect on the inlet pressure-recovery - mass-flow curve. Initial buzz frequency and minimum cowl-lip-position parameter for complete buzz-free operation varied with configuration.
Report presenting an investigation in the free-spinning tunnel to determine the effect of lateral-control systems using various combinations of spoilers, slots, and deflectors as compared with ailerons on the spin-recovery characteristics of a model of a 35 degree swept-wing fighter loaded heavily along the fuselage. Testing indicated that the ailerons were favorable for recovery when they were deflected full with the spin. Results regarding the effect of ailerons and two spoiler-slot-deflector configurations are provided.
Report presenting an investigation to determine the reduction in minimum drag that could be obtained at supersonic speeds by redesigning the fuselage and reducing the wing and tail thickness of a modified delta-wing fighter-type airplane. Results regarding the mass-flow ratio, total-pressure recovery, and drag are provided.
Memorandum presenting a satisfactory correlation obtained between experimental sea-level transient data at constant flight speed and solutions from the analog representation. The representation is accomplished by transfer functions formed from a frequency-response analysis, which is then used to compute system response at altitude.
Memorandum presenting testing of semispan wing-fuselage models of the F8F-1 and X-1 airplanes in the 16-foot high-speed wind tunnel utilizing the transonic-bump method. The variations of lift coefficient with angle of attack and Mach number and pitching-moment coefficient with lift coefficient at various Mach numbers are presented for the models. The buffet boundaries were found to be in reasonable agreement with those determined from flight tests of full-scale airplanes.
Memorandum presenting flight and wind-tunnel measurements made of the low-speed stalling characteristics on a swept-wing jet aircraft. Included in the study are the effects on the stalling characteristics of a number of wing modifications. Results regarding the roll-off characteristics and maximum lift and stalling characteristics are provided.
Report presenting rocket-powered flight tests to determine the damping in roll of rectangular wings of various aspect ratios and thickness ratios using NACA airfoil sections. The experimental damping in roll was consistently lower than what was predicted theoretically.
Report presenting some accompanying tables and bibliography for experimental aerodynamic studies in the field of wing controls during the period between January 1946 and February 1955. The tables are grouped according to the following major classifications: trailing-edge flap controls, leading-edge flap controls, and spoiler controls.
In an experimental investigation of local recovery factors for a blade having a pressure distribution similar to that of a typical reaction-type turbine blade, it a was found that the recovery factors were essentially independent of Mach number, Reynolds number, pressure gradient, and position on the blade surface except for regions where the boundary layer was probably in the transition range from laminar to turbulent. The recommended value of local subsonic recovery factor for use in calculating the effective gas temperature for gas turbine blades was 0.89.
Memorandum presenting a method for approximately determining the minimum moment of inertia of an arbitrarily shaped area, such as the section of a hollow turbine blade. The practical application of the method involves a simple routine tabular procedure.
Report presenting an investigation to determine the effect of ground on the low-speed aerodynamic, control, and control hinge-moment characteristics of a 3-percent-thick, delta-wing-fuselage configuration. Aerodynamic forces and moments and hinge-moment data were obtained for a range of angles of attack, ground heights, and a designated Mach and Reynolds number.
Memorandum presenting an investigation conducted using a single combustor from a 4600-pound-thrust turbojet engine to determine if ignition-plug fouling by carbon deposits could be prevented by retracting the plug from the combustion zone during operation after ignition had taken place. The fuels used were normally conducive to forming carbon. The results indicated that retracting the ignition plug from the combustion zone after ignition prevented plug fouling by carbon.
"The effects of some rivets, butt joints, and lap joints on the drag of a body of revolution at zero lift at supersonic Mach numbers to 2.1 have been obtained in free flight with rocket-propelled models. The butt joints tested showed no significant effects on the drag. Rivets and lap joints increased the drag of the smooth-body configuration, the forward-facing lap joints contributing the greatest increases" (p. 1).
Report presenting a determination of aerodynamic lift and moment flutter derivatives at high subsonic speeds for a series of two-dimensional airfoils varying in thickness and thickness distribution. An evaluation of the results indicated that wing profile and angle of attack have major effects on flutter derivatives at speeds exceeding the Mach number for steady-state lift divergence. Results regarding lift and moment are provided.
Memorandum presenting a technique for predicting the influence of body vortices and the wing shock-expansion field on the pitch-up characteristics of supersonic airplanes to supplement the calculative methods for wing vortices which are well known. The method is applied to the prediction of the pitch-up characteristics of four airplanes with high tails, of which one serves as a calculative example.
Memorandum describing a calculative technique for predicting the influence of body vortices and the wing shock-expansion field on the pitch-up characteristics of supersonic airplanes to supplement calculative methods for wing vortices which are well known. The method is applied to the prediction of the pitch-up characteristics of four airplanes with high tails, of which one serves as a calculative example.
Report presenting pressure-distribution measurements on two large-scale semispan wing-fuselage models with 45 degrees of sweepback, an aspect ratio of 6, a taper ratio of 0.5, and 10-percent-thick sections normal to the quarter-chord line. Adding camber and twist to a wing significantly improved the upper surface loading of the wing at a lift coefficient of 0.4 through a reduction in the peak negative pressure coefficient. Results regarding loading characteristics and stalling characteristics are provided.
Report presenting the results of an investigation to determine the effect of chord discontinuities and chordwise fences on the static longitudinal stability and wake characteristics of an airplane model with a 35-degree sweptback wing. The use of a fence or chord extension was found to cause a slight improvement in the static longitudinal stability of the basic wing alone. The force data and flow characteristics in the form of wake surveys and surface tufts are provided.
Report presenting an investigation to determine the effectiveness of a leading-edge slat and a trailing-edge split flap in improving the high subsonic speed aerodynamic characteristics of a model of a wing-fuselage combination with a nearly triangular wing. Results regarding the effects of Reynolds number, effects of slats, and effects of flaps are provided.
Report presenting an investigation of the interrelated effects of water and nitrogen tetroxide in fuming nitric acid with respect to the freezing points of the acid and ignition delays with several fuels. Results regarding freezing-point experiments, ignition-delay experiments, coincidence of acid compositions giving low freezing points and short ignition delays, and hypotheses on the opposing effects of nitrogen tetroxide and water on ignition delay are provided.
Report presenting an investigation to determine the effects of two types of propeller-spinner junctures on the pressure-recovery characteristics of an NACA 1-series D-type cowl with an NACA 1-series spinner, in combination with a four-blade single-rotation propeller.
Report presenting an investigation in the supersonic blowdown tunnel of spoilers on two unswept wing arrangements at Mach numbers of 1.90 and 1.96. The effect of pressure-distribution tests on an unswept airfoil in the presence of a fuselage but without tip effects indicated that spoilers could be oppositely deflected in a manner similar to flap-type ailerons to obtain roll effectiveness without loss in lift. Results regarding force and moment tests are also provided.
Report presenting an investigation to evaluate the unnotched fatigue properties of two titanium alloys at elevated temperatures. A variety of temperatures were tested and the results are provided in tabular form and as curves of stress versus cycles to failure for each test temperature. Both alloys were found to have potential use at the temperature ranges investigated.
Memorandum presenting a performance investigation using hydrogen fuel in a full-scale afterburner conducted with particular study of fuel-injector configurations and afterburner length. A total of seven fuel-injector configurations, grouped by type as concentric ring or radial bar, were investigated at a specified burner-inlet velocity and range of burner-inlet total pressures.
Report presenting a performance investigation using hydrogen fuel in a full-scale afterburner with particular study of fuel-injector configurations and afterburner length. A total of seven fuel-injector configurations, some concentric ring and some radial bar, were investigated at a specified burner inlet velocity over a range of burner-inlet total pressures.
Report presenting an investigation conducted on an NACA axial-flow single-stage compressor with a 14-inch diameter and a 0.9 hub-tip ratio to determine the magnitude of the blade force variation due to the flow fluctuations caused by rotating stall. Results regarding steady-state blade forces, shapes of steady-state force curves, time variation in weight flow, oscillograms of strain-gage output, and effect of damping are provided.
At a corrected speed of 1100 feet per second, the low-blade-angle rotor operated with a relative inlet Mach number of 1.2, a diffusion factor of 0.65, and an axial velocity ratio of 0.71 in the tip region (11 percent of passage height away from the outer wall). The measured minimum-loss coefficient was 0.35, and this value falls above a previous correlation of rotor losses with diffusion factor. Through a comparison with data for three other rotors, the occurrence of high losses was related to a high suction-surface Mach number. These comparisons also indicated that axial velocity ratios between 0.73 and 1.10 have no independent effect on losses.
Report presenting testing of a wing-fuselage force model configuration and the fuselage alone at angles of attack up to 32 degrees in the 16-foot transonic tunnel. Results regarding the force and moment characteristics, base pressures, and shadowgraph pictures are provided.
"This paper presents the results of an investigation of sting-support interference on afterbody drag at transonic speeds. Stings with varying diameter, cone angle, and cylindrical length were tested at the rear of a model with various afterbody shapes. The data were obtained at an angle of attack of 0 deg. and at Mach numbers from 0.80 to 1.10. It was found that, in general, the addition of a sting caused a drag reduction" (p. 1).
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