Algae in Water Supplies: An Illustrated Manual on the Identification, Significance, and Control of Algae in Water Supplies. Page: 51
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ALGAE IN WATER SUPPLIES
late algae Chrysococcus and Cryptonmona.s in large numbers
indicated that the decomposition of organic matter in the
stream has been completed.
Table 8.-Clean Water Algae
Plate or
Group and Algae Figure
Blue-Green Algae (Myxophyceae):
Agmenellum quadriduplicatum, glauca type 4
Calothrix parietina 4
Coccochloris stagnina 4
Entophysalis lemaniae 4
Microcoleus subtorulosus 4
Phormidium inundatum
Green Algae (Nonmotile Chlorophyceae):
Ankistrodesmus falcatus, var. acicularis 4
Bulbochaete mirabilis
Chaetopeltis megalocystis
Cladophora glomerata 4
Draparnaldia plumosa
Euastrum oblongum 5
Gloeococcus schroeteri
Micrasterias truncata 4
Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum 4
Staurastrum punctulatum 4
Ulothrix aequalis 4
Vaucheria geminata Fig. 39
Red Algae (Rhodophyceae):
Batrachospermum vagum
Hildenbrandia rivularis 4
Lemanea annulata 4
Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae):
Amphora ovalis
Cocconeis placentula 4
Cyclotella bodanica 4
Cymbella cesati
Meridion circulare 4
Navicula exigua var. capitata
Navicula gracilis 4
Nitzschia linearis
Pinnularia nobilis 4
Pinnularia subcapitata
Surirella splendida 4
Synedra acus var. angustissima
Flagellates (Chrysophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Euglenophyceae and
Volvocales of Chlorophyceae):
Chromulina rosanoffi 4
Chroomonas nordstetii
Chroomonas setoniensis
Chrysococcus maior
Chrysococcus ovalis
Chrysococcus rufescens 4
Dinobryon stipitatum
Euglena ehrenbergii
Euglena spirogyra
Mallomonas caudata 1
Phacotus lenticularis 4
Phacus longicauda
Rhodomonas lacustris 4Some workers have emphasized the relationship of -whole
groups of algae to pollution in studies involving stream purification.
Lackey (8) reported that two classes of algae, the
olive-green flagellates, or Cryptophyceae, and the yellowgreen
flagellates, or Chrysophyceae, appeared to be indicators
of clean, unpolluted water. They tended to be present
in moderate to great abundance in clean water and reacted
adversely to pollution. In another study (4) he observed
that all of the Chrysophyceae and most of the Cryptophyceae,
Volvocales, and Bacillarieae (diatoms) which were present
in clean water were killed in the zone of pollution. Patrick
(9) stated that a "healthy" portion of a stream contained
algae wlich are mostly diatoms and green algae. Rafter (10)
and other earlier workers assumed that the absence of large
amounts of blue-green algae was an indication of clean water.
It is apparent that the lists of clean water algae as reported
by various workers include a wide variety of forms belonging
to various groups. Some are planktonic while others are
epiphytic or attached to rocks and other material on the
bottom of the stream.
REFERENCES
1. The microscopy of drinking water. Ed. 4. G. C. Whipple, G. M.
Fair, and M. C. Whipple. J. Wiley and Sons, N.Y., 586 p.
With 19 color plates. 1948.
2. Pollution and repurification as indicated by the algae. R. W.
Butcher. Fourth International Congress for Microbiology,
held 1947. Rept. of Proc. 1949.
3. Oekologie der Saprobien. UIber die Bezeihungen der Wasserorganismen
zur Urnwelt. R. Kolkwitz. Schriftenreihe des
Vereins fiir Wasser-. Boden-, und Lufthygiene. No. 4, 64 p.
1950.
4. Stream enrichment and microbiota. J. B. Lackey. Public
Health Repts. 71: 708-718. 1956.
5. Handbuch der Frischwasser-, und Abwasserbiologie. H. Liebmann.
R. Oldenbourg. Miinchen, Germany. 539 p. 1951.
6. Factors effecting the distribution of diatoms. Ruth Patrick.
Bot. Rev. 14: 473-524. 1948.
7. Biological studies, Ohio River pollution survey. I. Biological
zones in a polluted stream. F. G. Brinley. Sewage Wks.
Jour. 14: 147-159. 1942.
8. Two groups of flagellated algae serving as indicators of clean
water. J. B. Lackey. Jour. Amer. Water Wks. Assn. 33: 10991110.
1941.
9. A proposed biological measure of stream conditions Ruth
Patrick. Proc. 5th Indust. Waste Conf., Purdue Univ. Eng.
Bull. 34: 379-399. 1950.
10. The microscopical examination of potable water. G. W. Rafter.
Van Nostrand Co.. N.Y. 1900.42
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Palmer, Charles Mervin, 1900-. Algae in Water Supplies: An Illustrated Manual on the Identification, Significance, and Control of Algae in Water Supplies., book, 1959; Cincinnati, Ohio. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9129/m1/51/: accessed May 12, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.