Acculturation and Sociocultural Influences as Predictors of Family Relationships and Body Image Dissatisfaction in African American, Hispanic American, and European American Women Page: 45
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were found to be negatively skewed. This finding suggests that most of the participants
endorsed awareness of sociocultural norms of attractiveness and freedom from feelings
of guilt, anger, or distrust of both their mother and father. The Appearance Weight
Control Subscale of the Childhood Family Mealtime Questionnaire (CFMQ) was found
to be positively skewed, indicating that most of the participants did not report that their
families were overly critical of their appearance and weight during mealtimes when they
were growing up.
Next, in order to determine whether findings from the research sample were
similar to those found in previous research, t-tests were conducted to compare the
present study means with previous studies. These comparisons were conducted using
scores from the overall sample. Means and standard deviations for the overall sample
and from past research are listed in Table 4. Significant findings are also denoted on
this table.
The present sample differed significantly with previous research in the
Internalization subscale of the SATAQ; the present sample reported less internalization
of sociocultural norms of attractiveness than did Cusumano & Thompson's (1997)
sample. There was also a significant difference on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
(RSE); the present sample displayed lower self-esteem scores than Mendelson,
Mclean, & Gavin's (2002) previous research.
Regarding the Psychological Separation Inventory, the present sample differed
significantly from Hoffman's (1984) previous research on the Emotional Independence
and Conflictual Independence from One's Mother subscales. This shows that compared
with Hoffman's sample the present sample said they experienced less separation from45
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Garcia-Rea, Elizabeth Ann. Acculturation and Sociocultural Influences as Predictors of Family Relationships and Body Image Dissatisfaction in African American, Hispanic American, and European American Women, dissertation, December 2006; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5463/m1/51/: accessed May 5, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .