Investigations of Zirconium with Especial Reference to the Metal and Oxide: Historical Review and Bibliography Page: 80
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CHAPTER XII.-EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON AMORPHOUS
ZIRCONIUM.
REVIEW OF METHODS OF PREPARATION.
In Part I of this bulletin it was stated that various authors claim
the existence of at least four varieties of zirconium metal-amorphous,
crystalline, graphitoidal, and sintered.
The so-called crystalline zirconium heretofore prepared has been
shown by Weiss and Neumann, Wedekind, and others to be an alloy
of zirconium and aluminum. The graphitoidal form is described by
only one or two authors, and Wedekind questions its existence; pos-
sibly it may be partly sintered, amorphous zirconium. Attempts to
prepare graphitoidal zirconium in the course of the present work were
unsuccessful.
Many authors have prepared the amorphous metal of 49 to 98
per cent purity, and some of its properties are fairly well described.
There is, however, much discrepancy regarding this best-known
variety. For example, the specific gravities given range from less
than 4 to more than 6. The melting point has been given as low as
1,3000 C. and as high as 2,350 C. Not only do these discrepancies
apply to one variety of the metal, such as the amorphous, but the
same figures are given for the sintered metal as well as for the crys-
talline. One writer says that the melting point of sintered metal is
above 1,500 C., but also says that the amorphous is sintered at
1,000 C. Sintering must represent at least a partial fusion; and if
the above statement be true, the metal must be very impure.
One author says that crystalline zirconium is prepared by the
electrolysis of the fused fluorides, while another claims this method
yields amorphous metal. Troost claims to have prepared crystalline
zirconium by reducing sodium zirconate with iron at the melting
point of copper. In general, it does not seem possible that any of the
varieties of zirconium could be prepared in this way.
The general plan the authors followed in this part of the investi-
gation was to duplicate as far as possible the work of previous inves-
tigation, to analyze the products thus obtained, and to introduce
modifications of the existing methods or to develop new ones if
possible. Each variety of metal was treated separately, although it
is difficult to separate the amorphous and sintered metal; and also
to distinguish between the so-called crystalline and the zirconium-
aluminum alloys.
89
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Marden, J. W. & Rich, M. N. Investigations of Zirconium with Especial Reference to the Metal and Oxide: Historical Review and Bibliography, report, 1921; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12377/m1/84/: accessed May 4, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.