Latest content added for UNT Digital Libraryhttps://digital.library.unt.edu/search/?t=fulltext&fq=untl_collection%3AOSTI&sort=creator2019-02-10T20:45:37-06:00UNT LibrariesThis is a custom feed for searching UNT Digital LibraryPacific Northwest and Alaska Regional Bioenergy Program : Five Year Report, 1985-1990.2018-02-22T19:45:48-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1107662/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1107662/"><img alt="Pacific Northwest and Alaska Regional Bioenergy Program : Five Year Report, 1985-1990." title="Pacific Northwest and Alaska Regional Bioenergy Program : Five Year Report, 1985-1990." src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1107662/small/"/></a></p><p>This five-year report describes activities of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska Regional Bioenergy Program between 1985 and 1990. Begun in 1979, this Regional Bioenergy Program became the model for the nation's four other regional bioenergy programs in 1983. Within the time span of this report, the Pacific Northwest and Alaska Regional Bioenergy Program has undertaken a number of applied research and technology projects, and supported and guided the work of its five participating state energy programs. During this period, the Regional Bioenergy Program has brought together public- and private-sector organizations to promote the use of local biomass and municipal-waste energy resources and technologies. This report claims information on the mission, goals and accomplishments of the Regional Bioenergy Program. It describes the biomass projects conducted by the individual states of the region, and summarizes the results of the programs technical studies. Publications from both the state and regional projects are listed. The report goes on to consider future efforts of the Regional Bioenergy Program under its challenging assignment. Research activities include: forest residue estimates; Landsat biomass mapping; woody biomass plantations; industrial wood-fuel market; residential space heating with wood; materials recovery of residues; co-firing wood chips with coal; biomass fuel characterization; wood-boosted geothermal power plants; wood gasification; municipal solid wastes to energy; woodstove study; slash burning; forest depletion; and technology transfer. 9 figs., 6 tabs.</p>Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 321: Area 22 Weather Station Fuel Storage, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0. UPDATED WITH RECORD OF TECHNICAL CHANGE No.12015-12-03T09:30:17-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc786739/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc786739/"><img alt="Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 321: Area 22 Weather Station Fuel Storage, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0. UPDATED WITH RECORD OF TECHNICAL CHANGE No.1" title="Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 321: Area 22 Weather Station Fuel Storage, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0. UPDATED WITH RECORD OF TECHNICAL CHANGE No.1" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc786739/small/"/></a></p><p>This Corrective Action Investigation Plan (CAIP) has been developed in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO) that was agreed to by the US Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office (DOE/NV); the State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP); and the US Department of Defense (FFACO, 1996). The CAIP is a document that provides or references all of the specific information for investigation activities associated with Corrective Action Units (CAUs) or Corrective Action Sites (CASs). According to the FFACO (1996), CASs are sites potentially requiring corrective action(s) and may include solid waste management units or individual disposal or release sites. A CAU consists of one or more CASs grouped together based on geography, technical similarity, or agency responsibility for the purpose of determining corrective actions. This CAIP contains the environmental sample collection objectives and the criteria for conducting site investigation activities at the CAU 321 Area 22 Weather Station Fuel Storage, CAS 22-99-05 Fuel Storage Area. For purposes of this discussion, this site will be referred to as either CAU 321 or the Fuel Storage Area. The Fuel Storage Area is located in Area 22 of the Nevada Test Site (NTS). The NTS is approximately 105 kilometers (km) (65 miles [mi]) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada (DOE/NV, 1996a). The Fuel Storage Area was used to store fuel and other petroleum products necessary for motorized operations at the historic Camp Desert Rock facility which was operational from 1951 to 1958 at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada. The site was dismantled after 1958 (DOE/NV, 1996a).</p>Proceedings of RIKEN BNL Research Center Workshop: Initial State Fluctuations and Final-State Particle Correlations2016-05-19T09:45:19-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc842134/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc842134/"><img alt="Proceedings of RIKEN BNL Research Center Workshop: Initial State Fluctuations and Final-State Particle Correlations" title="Proceedings of RIKEN BNL Research Center Workshop: Initial State Fluctuations and Final-State Particle Correlations" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc842134/small/"/></a></p><p>N/A</p>IBS for RHIC operation below transition energy and various RF systems2016-05-19T09:45:19-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc844258/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc844258/"><img alt="IBS for RHIC operation below transition energy and various RF systems" title="IBS for RHIC operation below transition energy and various RF systems" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc844258/small/"/></a></p><p>N/A</p>Potential for luminosity improvement for low-energy RHIC operation with long bunches2016-05-19T15:16:37-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc846748/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc846748/"><img alt="Potential for luminosity improvement for low-energy RHIC operation with long bunches" title="Potential for luminosity improvement for low-energy RHIC operation with long bunches" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc846748/small/"/></a></p><p>Electron cooling was proposed to increase luminosity of the RHIC collider for heavy ion beams at low energies. Luminosity decreases as the square of bunch intensity due to the beam loss from the RF bucket as a result of the longitudinal intra beam scattering (IBS), as well as due to the transverse emittance growth because of the transverse IBS. Both transverse and longitudinal IBS can be counteracted with electron cooling. This would allow one to keep the initial peak luminosity close to constant throughout the store essentially without the beam loss. In addition, the phase-space density of the hadron beams can be further increased by providing stronger electron cooling. Unfortunately, the defining limitation for low energies in RHIC is expected to be the space charge. Here we explore an idea of additional improvement in luminosity, on top of the one coming from just IBS compensation and longer stores, which may be expected if one can operate with longer bunches at the space-charge limit in a collider. This approach together with electron cooling may result in about 10-fold improvement in total luminosity for low-energy RHIC program.</p>Generalization of the ERIT Principle and Method2016-05-19T09:45:19-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc827374/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc827374/"><img alt="Generalization of the ERIT Principle and Method" title="Generalization of the ERIT Principle and Method" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc827374/small/"/></a></p><p>N/A</p>A Super-Conducting Linac as a new Injector to the BNL-AGS2016-05-19T09:45:19-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc827622/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc827622/"><img alt="A Super-Conducting Linac as a new Injector to the BNL-AGS" title="A Super-Conducting Linac as a new Injector to the BNL-AGS" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc827622/small/"/></a></p><p>N/A</p>Tracking of Acceleration with HNJ Method2016-05-19T09:45:19-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc839264/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc839264/"><img alt="Tracking of Acceleration with HNJ Method" title="Tracking of Acceleration with HNJ Method" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc839264/small/"/></a></p><p>N/A</p>Comparison of the present and planned operation of the SIS18 and the AGS Booster with intermediate charge state heavy ions2016-05-19T09:45:19-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc835234/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc835234/"><img alt="Comparison of the present and planned operation of the SIS18 and the AGS Booster with intermediate charge state heavy ions" title="Comparison of the present and planned operation of the SIS18 and the AGS Booster with intermediate charge state heavy ions" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc835234/small/"/></a></p><p>N/A</p>Confinement of airborne radioactivity. Final progress report, January-December 19782018-02-10T22:06:24-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1091939/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1091939/"><img alt="Confinement of airborne radioactivity. Final progress report, January-December 1978" title="Confinement of airborne radioactivity. Final progress report, January-December 1978" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1091939/small/"/></a></p><p>A new test method has been developed at the Savannah River Laboratory for evaluating the iodine retention capabilities of carbon used in the airborne-activity confinement system. Methyl iodide tagged with I-131 is injected into a test gas stream continuously for 5 hours with test conditions of 80/sup 0/C temperature, 95% relative humidity, and 55 feet per minute linear flow velocity. Results show that the CH/sub 3/I retention efficiency is independent of the inlet CH/sub 3/I concentration over the range of at least 0.9 to 200 ..mu..g/m/sup 3/ in the test gas stream. The method was also used to evaluate the effects of paint fumes on in-service carbons and showed that solvent exposure reduced carbon service life by 5 to 7 months. Experimental carbons both before and after service exposure in the SRP carbon test facility were also evaluated.</p>GLASS FORMULATION TESTING TO INCREASE SULFATE INCORPORATION - Final Report VSL-04R4960-1, Rev 0, 2/28/05, Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of American, Washington, D.C.2016-05-19T15:16:37-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc831435/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc831435/"><img alt="GLASS FORMULATION TESTING TO INCREASE SULFATE INCORPORATION - Final Report VSL-04R4960-1, Rev 0, 2/28/05, Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of American, Washington, D.C." title="GLASS FORMULATION TESTING TO INCREASE SULFATE INCORPORATION - Final Report VSL-04R4960-1, Rev 0, 2/28/05, Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of American, Washington, D.C." src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc831435/small/"/></a></p><p>About 50 million gallons of high-level mixed waste is currently in storage in underground tanks at The United States Department of Energy's (DOE's) Hanford site in the State of Washington. The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will provide DOE's Office of River Protection (ORP) with a means of treating this waste by vitrification for subsequent disposal. The tank waste will be separated into low- and high-activity fractions, which will then be vitrified respectively into Immobilized Low Activity Waste (ILAW) and Immobilized High Level Waste (IHLW) products. The ILAW product will be disposed of in an engineered facility on the Hanford site while the IHLW product will be directed to the national deep geological disposal facility for high-level nuclear waste. The ILAW and IHLW products must meet a variety of requirements with respect to protection of the environment before they can be accepted for disposal. The Office of River Protection is currently examining options to optimize the Low Activity Waste (LAW) facility and the LAW glass waste form. One option under evaluation is to enhance the waste processing rate of the vitrification plant currently under construction. It is likely that the capacity of the LAW vitrification plant can be increased incrementally by implementation of a variety of low-risk, high-probability changes, either separately or in combination. These changes include: (1) Operating at the higher processing rates demonstrated at the LAW Pilot Melter; (2) Increasing the glass pool surface area within the existing external melter envelope; (3) Increasing plant availability; (4) Increasing the glass waste loading; (5) Removing sulfate from the LAW stream; (6) Operating the melter at slightly higher temperature; (7) Installing the third LAW melter into the WTP plant; and (8) Other smaller impact changes. The melter tests described in this report utilized blended feed (glass formers plus waste simulant) prepared by Optima Chemicals according to VSL specifications. Sufficient feed was prepared to produce over nineteen hundred kilograms of glass during melter tests. The nominal reductant concentration (stoichiometric ratio of 0.5 {approx} 1 mole sucrose per 16 mole NOx or 3 mole carbon per 4 mole NOx) was maintained in all the tests by the addition of sugar at VSL. The DM 10 was used to screen the optimized glass formulation with two alternative aluminum sources (kyanite and zeolite) over a wide range of target sulfur concentrations. Subsequently, based on the DM10 results, nine 12- to 34-hour DM100 tests were conducted; six with kyanite as the aluminum additive at glass sulfur concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 1.5 wt.% SO{sub 3}, and the other three with zeolite as the aluminum additive at glass sulfur concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 1.5 wt. % SO{sub 3}. The DM 100-WV melter was used in order to provide a direct comparison with the LAW tests previously conducted on the same melter. Key operating parameters such as glass temperature and production rate were held constant to investigate the sulfur incorporation into the glass and the effects of varying the aluminum additive source. The bubbling rate was adjusted to achieve a production rate of 2000 kg/m{sup 2}/day with a near-complete cold cap (90-100% of melt surface covered with feed). Quantitative measurements of glass production rates, melter operating conditions (temperatures, pressures, power, flows, etc.), and off-gas characteristics (NOx, SO{sub 2}, CO, particulate load and composition, and acid gases) were made for each test. Glass samples taken from the glass pool and the discharge chamber were inspected throughout testing to determine the limit of salt-free operation in the melter.</p>SMALL-SCALE MELTER TESTING WITH LAW SIMULANTS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF HIGHER TEMPERATURE MELTER OPERATIONS - Final Report, VSL-04R49801-1, Rev. 0, 2/13/03, Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.2016-05-19T15:16:37-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc830841/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc830841/"><img alt="SMALL-SCALE MELTER TESTING WITH LAW SIMULANTS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF HIGHER TEMPERATURE MELTER OPERATIONS - Final Report, VSL-04R49801-1, Rev. 0, 2/13/03, Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C." title="SMALL-SCALE MELTER TESTING WITH LAW SIMULANTS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF HIGHER TEMPERATURE MELTER OPERATIONS - Final Report, VSL-04R49801-1, Rev. 0, 2/13/03, Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C." src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc830841/small/"/></a></p><p>About 50 million gallons of high-level mixed waste is currently in storage in underground tanks at The United States Department of Energy's (DOE's) Hanford site in the State of Washington. The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will provide DOE's Office of River Protection (ORP) with a means of treating this waste by vitrification for subsequent disposal. The tank waste will be separated into low- and high-activity fractions, which will then be vitrified respectively into Immobilized Low Activity Waste (ILAW) and Immobilized High Level Waste (IHLW) products. The ILAW product will be disposed of in an engineered facility on the Hanford site while the IHL W product will be directed to the national deep geological disposal facility for high-level nuclear waste. The ILAW and IHLW products must meet a variety of requirements with respect to protection of the environment before they can be accepted for disposal. The Office of River Protection is currently examining options to optimize the Low Activity Waste (LAW) facility and the LAW glass waste form. One option under evaluation is to enhance the waste processing rate of the vitrification plant currently under construction. It is likely that the capacity of the LAW vitrification plant can be increased incrementally by implementation of a variety of low-risk, high-probability changes, either separately or in combination. These changes include: (1) Operating at the higher processing rates demonstrated at the LAW Pilot Melter; (2) Increasing the glass pool surface area within the existing external melter envelope; (3) Increasing plant availability; (4) Increasing the glass waste loading; (5) Removing sulfate from the LAW stream; (6) Operating the melter at slightly higher temperature; (7) Installing the third LAW melter into the WTP plant; and (8) Other smaller impact changes. The tests describes in this report utilized blended feed (glass formers plus waste simulant) prepared by Optima Chemicals according to VSL specifications. Sufficient feed was prepared to produce nearly two metric tons of glass. Sugar was added (at VSL) to the feed at a ratio of 0.5 (1 mole sucrose per 16 mole NOx). The DM100-WV melter was used in order to provide a direct comparison with the LAW tests previously conducted on the same melter. Two 75-hour melter tests were conducted at two elevated temperatures, 1175 and 1225 C. These tests were preceded by the production of sufficient glass to turn over the melt pool to the target composition. Key operating parameters were held constant to investigate the effects of the operating temperature on processing characteristics, particularly melting rate. At each operating temperature, the feed rate was adjusted to provide a near-complete cold cap 99-100% of melt surface covered with feed. Quantitative measurements of glass production rates, melter operating conditions (temperatures, pressures, power, flows, etc.), and off-gas characteristics (NOx, SO{sub 2}, CO, particulate load and composition, and acid gases) were made for each test.</p>Integrated Microsensors for Autonomous Microrobots2015-10-18T18:40:23-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc737739/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc737739/"><img alt="Integrated Microsensors for Autonomous Microrobots" title="Integrated Microsensors for Autonomous Microrobots" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc737739/small/"/></a></p><p>This report describes the development of a miniature mobile microrobot device and several microsystems needed to create a miniature microsensor delivery platform. This work was funded under LDRD No.10785, entitled, ''Integrated Microsensors for Autonomous Microrobots''. The approach adopted in this project was to develop a mobile platform, to which would be attached wireless RF remote control and data acquisition in addition to various microsensors. A modular approach was used to produce a versatile microrobot platform and reduce power consumption and physical size.</p>B Plant Complex preclosure work plan2015-09-29T05:31:59-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc725113/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc725113/"><img alt="B Plant Complex preclosure work plan" title="B Plant Complex preclosure work plan" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc725113/small/"/></a></p><p>This preclosure work plan describes the condition of the dangerous waste treatment storage, and/or disposal (TSD) unit after completion of the B Plant Complex decommissioning Transition Phase preclosure activities. This description includes waste characteristics, waste types, locations, and associated hazards. The goal to be met by the Transition Phase preclosure activities is to place the TSD unit into a safe and environmentally secure condition for the long-term Surveillance and Maintenance (S&M) Phase of the facility decommissioning process. This preclosure work plan has been prepared in accordance with Section 8.0 of the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement) (Ecology et al. 1996). The preclosure work plan is one of three critical Transition Phase documents, the other two being: B Plant End Points Document (WHC-SD-WM-TPP-054) and B Plant S&M plan. These documents are prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) and its contractors with the involvement of Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). The tanks and vessels addressed by this preclosure work plan are limited to those tanks end vessels included on the B Plant Complex Part A, Form 3, Permit Application (DOE/RL-88-21). The criteria for determining which tanks or vessels are in the Part A, Form 3, are discussed in the following. The closure plan for the TSD unit will not be prepared until the Disposition Phase of the facility decommissioning process is initiated, which follows the long-term S&M Phase. Final closure will occur during the Disposition Phase of the facility decommissioning process. The Waste Encapsulation Storage Facility (WESF) is excluded from the scope of this preclosure work plan.</p>RESEARCH PLAN FOR SPIN PHYSICS AT RHIC.2019-01-23T12:54:46-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1411367/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1411367/"><img alt="RESEARCH PLAN FOR SPIN PHYSICS AT RHIC." title="RESEARCH PLAN FOR SPIN PHYSICS AT RHIC." src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1411367/small/"/></a></p><p>In this report we present the research plan for the RHIC spin program. The report covers (1) the science of the RHIC spin program in a world-wide context; (2) the collider performance requirements for the RHIC spin program; (3) the detector upgrades required, including timelines; (4) time evolution of the spin program.</p>SUMMARY REPORT DIRECT PUSH TECHNOLOGY BOREHOLES FOR GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING 200-IS-1 OPERABLE UNIT FY20082016-09-27T01:39:22-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc899553/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc899553/"><img alt="SUMMARY REPORT DIRECT PUSH TECHNOLOGY BOREHOLES FOR GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING 200-IS-1 OPERABLE UNIT FY2008" title="SUMMARY REPORT DIRECT PUSH TECHNOLOGY BOREHOLES FOR GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING 200-IS-1 OPERABLE UNIT FY2008" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc899553/small/"/></a></p><p>None</p>ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PREINJECTOR PROJECT (EBIS) CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT.2019-01-23T12:54:46-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1409520/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1409520/"><img alt="ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PREINJECTOR PROJECT (EBIS) CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT." title="ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PREINJECTOR PROJECT (EBIS) CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT." src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1409520/small/"/></a></p><p>This report describes a new heavy ion pre-injector for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) based on a high charge state Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS), a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, and a short Linac. The highly successful development of an EBIS at BNL now makes it possible to replace the present pre-injector that is based on an electrostatic Tandem with a reliable, low maintenance Linac-based pre-injector. Linac-based pre-injectors are presently used at most accelerator and collider facilities with the exception of RHIC, where the required gold beam intensities could only be met with a Tandem until the recent EBIS development. EBIS produces high charge state ions directly, eliminating the need for the two stripping foils presently used with the Tandem. Unstable stripping efficiencies of these foils are a significant source of luminosity degradation in RHIC. The high reliability and flexibility of the new Linac-based pre-injector will lead to increased integrated luminosity at RHIC and is an essential component for the long-term success of the RHIC facility. This new pre-injector, based on an EBIS, also has the potential for significant future intensity increases and can produce heavy ion beams of all species including uranium beams and, as part of a future upgrade, might also be used to produce polarized {sup 3}He beams. These capabilities will be critical to the future luminosity upgrades and electron-ion collisions in RHIC. The new RFQ and Linac that are used to accelerate beams from the EBIS to an energy sufficient for injection into the Booster are both very similar to existing devices already in operation at other facilities. Injection into the Booster will occur at the same location as the existing injection from the Tandem.</p>An Order-of-Magnitude Estimation of Benzene Concentration in Saltstone Vault2015-12-03T09:30:17-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc783607/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc783607/"><img alt="An Order-of-Magnitude Estimation of Benzene Concentration in Saltstone Vault" title="An Order-of-Magnitude Estimation of Benzene Concentration in Saltstone Vault" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc783607/small/"/></a></p><p>The contents of Tank 48 that include the tetraphenylborate (TPB) precipitates of potassium and cesium will be grouted and stored in the Saltstone vault. The grouting process is exothermic, which should accelerate the decomposition of TPB precipitates eventually to benzene. Because the vault is not currently outfitted with an active ventilation system, there is a concern that a mixture of flammable gases may form in the vapor space of each cell filled with the curing grout. The purpose of this study was to determine if passive breathing induced by the diurnal oscillations of atmospheric pressure would provide any mitigating measure against potential flammability. Specifically, it was requested that a set of algorithms be developed that would predict the equilibrium concentration of benzene as a function of benzene generation rate, fill height, and the amplitude of the barometric pressure oscillations. These algorithms were to be derived based on several simplifying assumptions so that order of magnitude estimates could be made quickly for scoping purposes. This memo documents the resulting algorithms along with those key assumptions made. These algorithms were then applied to simulate several test cases, including the baseline case where the cell was filled to the maximum height of 25 ft at the bulk benzene generation rate of 3.4 g/hr.</p>INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH MANUAL2015-10-18T18:40:23-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc739416/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc739416/"><img alt="INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH MANUAL" title="INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH MANUAL" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc739416/small/"/></a></p><p>This document presents a set of guidelines for authors who wish to express themselves more clearly to foreign readers, or readers whose first language is not American English. Topics include idioms, technical terms, jargon, word meaning, acronyms, and international conventions of measurement. The guidelines will help writers of technical documents present their ideas more effectively to audiences that may include individuals whose first language is not American English, including audiences with individuals from other English-speaking countries.</p>Laser Safety Evaluation of the MILES and Mini MILES Laser Emitting Components2015-10-19T19:39:04-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc742114/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc742114/"><img alt="Laser Safety Evaluation of the MILES and Mini MILES Laser Emitting Components" title="Laser Safety Evaluation of the MILES and Mini MILES Laser Emitting Components" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc742114/small/"/></a></p><p>Laser safety evaluation and output emission measurements were performed (during October and November 2001) on SNL MILES and Mini MILES laser emitting components. The purpose, to verify that these components, not only meet the Class 1 (eye safe) laser hazard criteria of the CDRH Compliance Guide for Laser Products and 21 CFR 1040 Laser Product Performance Standard; but also meet the more stringent ANSI Std. z136.1-2000 Safe Use of Lasers conditions for Class 1 lasers that govern SNL laser operations. The results of these measurements confirmed that all of the Small Arms Laser Transmitters, as currently set (''as is''), meet the Class 1 criteria. Several of the Mini MILES Small Arms Transmitters did not. These were modified and re-tested and now meet the Class 1 laser hazard criteria. All but one System Controllers (hand held and rifle stock) met class 1 criteria for single trigger pulls and all presented Class 3a laser hazard levels if the trigger is held (continuous emission) for more than 5 seconds on a single point target. All units were Class 3a for ''aided'' viewing. These units were modified and re-tested and now meet the Class 1 hazard criteria for both ''aided'' as well as ''unaided'' viewing. All the Claymore Mine laser emitters tested are laser hazard Class 1 for both ''aided'' as well as ''unaided'' viewing.</p>Significance of Soft Zone Sediments at the SRS2015-09-29T05:31:59-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc720074/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc720074/"><img alt="Significance of Soft Zone Sediments at the SRS" title="Significance of Soft Zone Sediments at the SRS" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc720074/small/"/></a></p><p>The purpose of this report is to provide information on the origin, extent and stability of ''soft zones'' in the carbonate bearing strata at the Savannah River Site (SRS). As part of this study, a comprehensive historical compendium of how soft zones have been addressed during the past 47 years at SRS is reviewed.</p>Thomson scattering diagnostic analyses to determine the energetic particle distributions in TFTR2018-07-03T08:14:20-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1190459/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1190459/"><img alt="Thomson scattering diagnostic analyses to determine the energetic particle distributions in TFTR" title="Thomson scattering diagnostic analyses to determine the energetic particle distributions in TFTR" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1190459/small/"/></a></p><p>The research completed and in progress for the first period of this grant is reviewed. Specific scattering scenarios for TFTR and JET and ITER were studied. The Lodestar scattering code, SKATR, was upgraded to include anisotropic energetic ion distributions and an analytic diffraction formulation was completed. Research continues on JET studies and upgrading the code for JET and ITER relevant conditions.</p>Thomson scattering diagnostic analyses to determine the energetic particle distributions in TFTR. Annual performance report2018-10-12T06:44:00-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1277489/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1277489/"><img alt="Thomson scattering diagnostic analyses to determine the energetic particle distributions in TFTR. Annual performance report" title="Thomson scattering diagnostic analyses to determine the energetic particle distributions in TFTR. Annual performance report" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1277489/small/"/></a></p><p>The research completed and in progress for the first period of this grant is reviewed. Specific scattering scenarios for TFTR and JET and ITER were studied. The Lodestar scattering code, SKATR, was upgraded to include anisotropic energetic ion distributions and an analytic diffraction formulation was completed. Research continues on JET studies and upgrading the code for JET and ITER relevant conditions.</p>Thomson scattering diagnostic analyses to determine the energetic particle distributions in TFTR. Final report2015-06-16T07:43:17-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc619995/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc619995/"><img alt="Thomson scattering diagnostic analyses to determine the energetic particle distributions in TFTR. Final report" title="Thomson scattering diagnostic analyses to determine the energetic particle distributions in TFTR. Final report" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc619995/small/"/></a></p><p>Lodestar has been an active participant in the low power Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic at TFTR in collaboration with MIT. Extensive studies were conducted regarding the use of gyrotron scattering as a low cost diagnostic for both energetic ions and alpha particles on TFTR. The numerical scattering code has been improved and compared with similar code developed at JET. The authors have participated and assisted in the CTS experiments through onsite visits and have successfully performed most of the data analysis tasks remotely. Through their analysis on the initial data base accumulated, they are able to understand qualitatively the general features of the anomalous large scattered signal, have proposed an explanation for its generation mechanism, and have suggested a potential new use of CTS as an edge diagnostic.</p>Artificial geothermal reservoirs in hot volcanic rock2017-10-15T22:09:52-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1023203/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1023203/"><img alt="Artificial geothermal reservoirs in hot volcanic rock" title="Artificial geothermal reservoirs in hot volcanic rock" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1023203/small/"/></a></p><p>S>Some recent results from the Los Alamos program in which hydraulic fracturing is used for the recovery of geothermal energy are discussed. The location is about 4 kilometers west and south of the ring fault of the enormous Jemez Caldera in the northcentral part of New Mexico. It is shown that geothermal energy may be extracted from hot rock that does not contain circulating hot water or steam and is relatively impermeable. A fluid is pumped at high pressure into an isolated section of a wellbore. If the well is cased the pipe in this pressurized region is perforated as it is in the petroleum industry, so that the pressure may be applied to the rock, cracking it. A second well is drilled a few hundred feet away from the first. Cold water is injected through the first pipe, circulates through the crack, and hot water returns to the surface through the second pipe. Results are described and circumstances are discussed under which artiflcial geothermal reservoirs might be created in the basaltic rock of Hawaii. (MCW)</p>Hydraulic fracture experiments in GT-1 and GT-22019-02-10T20:45:37-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1444507/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1444507/"><img alt="Hydraulic fracture experiments in GT-1 and GT-2" title="Hydraulic fracture experiments in GT-1 and GT-2" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1444507/small/"/></a></p><p>Hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted in granite rock, at temperatures near 100 and 150/sup 0/C, in two wells 0.785 km (2575 ft) and 1.98 km (6500 ft) deep near Los Alamos, New Mexico. No unusual difficulty was observed in fracturing crystalline rock hydraulically. The apparent surface energy (energy required to create new fracture surface by breaking the rock) was measured as 100 J/m/sup 2/. Orientation of the deeper fracture was measured as N35/sup 0/E (+-5/sup 0/). The fraction of fluid injected into the rock that could be recovered at hydrostatic surface pressure was measured. The efficiency of recovery was as high as 92 percent after the fracture impedance was lowered by ''propping'' the fracture with sand. Permeability of the rock over the face of the fracture was compatible with laboratory measurements (10/sup -7/ to 10/sup -8/ darcys). Downhole pressures required to extend the fractures were about 150 and 340 bars (2175 and 4900 psi), respectively.</p>A PORTABLE BANDSAW FOR HOT CELL USE2017-10-15T22:09:52-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1017293/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1017293/"><img alt="A PORTABLE BANDSAW FOR HOT CELL USE" title="A PORTABLE BANDSAW FOR HOT CELL USE" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1017293/small/"/></a></p><p>A commercial light-weight portable bandsaw was fitted with a grip to permit it to be maneuvered remotely in a hot cell by means of a General Mills manipulator The bandsaw was supported in various positions to make cuts on typical pieces. Photographs show the saw in operation. (auth)</p>Investigating the point seismic array concept with seismic rotation measurements.2016-11-13T19:26:23-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc931472/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc931472/"><img alt="Investigating the point seismic array concept with seismic rotation measurements." title="Investigating the point seismic array concept with seismic rotation measurements." src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc931472/small/"/></a></p><p>Spatially-distributed arrays of seismometers are often utilized to infer the speed and direction of incident seismic waves. Conventionally, individual seismometers of the array measure one or more orthogonal components of rectilinear particle motion (displacement, velocity, or acceleration). The present work demonstrates that measure of both the particle velocity vector and the particle rotation vector at a single point receiver yields sufficient information to discern the type (compressional or shear), speed, and direction of an incident plane seismic wave. Hence, the approach offers the intriguing possibility of dispensing with spatially-extended received arrays, with their many problematic deployment, maintenance, relocation, and post-acquisition data processing issues. This study outlines straightforward mathematical theory underlying the point seismic array concept, and implements a simple cross-correlation scanning algorithm for determining the azimuth of incident seismic waves from measured acceleration and rotation rate data. The algorithm is successfully applied to synthetic seismic data generated by an advanced finite-difference seismic wave propagation modeling algorithm. Application of the same azimuth scanning approach to data acquired at a site near Yucca Mountain, Nevada yields ambiguous, albeit encouraging, results. Practical issues associated with rotational seismometry are recognized as important, but are not addressed in this investigation.</p>Evaluation of Ultra Clean Fuels from Natural Gas2016-09-21T02:29:59-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc882314/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc882314/"><img alt="Evaluation of Ultra Clean Fuels from Natural Gas" title="Evaluation of Ultra Clean Fuels from Natural Gas" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc882314/small/"/></a></p><p>ConocoPhillips, in conjunction with Nexant Inc., Penn State University, and Cummins Engine Co., joined with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in a cooperative agreement to perform a comprehensive study of new ultra clean fuels (UCFs) produced from remote sources of natural gas. The project study consists of three primary tasks: an environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), a Market Study, and a series of Engine Tests to evaluate the potential markets for Ultra Clean Fuels. The overall objective of DOE's Ultra Clean Transportation Fuels Initiative is to develop and deploy technologies that will produce ultra-clean burning transportation fuels for the 21st century from both petroleum and non-petroleum resources. These fuels will: (1) Enable vehicles to comply with future emission requirements; (2) Be compatible with the existing liquid fuels infrastructure; (3) Enable vehicle efficiencies to be significantly increased, with concomitantly reduced CO{sub 2} emissions; (4) Be obtainable from a fossil resource, alone or in combination with other hydrocarbon materials such as refinery wastes, municipal wastes, biomass, and coal; and (5) Be competitive with current petroleum fuels. The objectives of the ConocoPhillips Ultra Clean Fuels Project are to perform a comprehensive life cycle analysis and to conduct a market study on ultra clean fuels of commercial interest produced from natural gas, and, in addition, perform engine tests for Fisher-Tropsch diesel and methanol in neat, blended or special formulations to obtain data on emissions. This resulting data will be used to optimize fuel compositions and engine operation in order to minimize the release of atmospheric pollutants resulting from the fuel combustion. Development and testing of both direct and indirect methanol fuel cells was to be conducted and the optimum properties of a suitable fuel-grade methanol was to be defined. The results of the study are also applicable to coal-derived FT liquid fuels. After different gas clean up processes steps, the coal-derived syngas will produce FT liquid fuels that have similar properties to natural gas derived FT liquids.</p>Interated Intelligent Industrial Process Sensing and Control: Applied to and Demonstrated on Cupola Furnaces2015-10-18T18:40:23-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc734664/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc734664/"><img alt="Interated Intelligent Industrial Process Sensing and Control: Applied to and Demonstrated on Cupola Furnaces" title="Interated Intelligent Industrial Process Sensing and Control: Applied to and Demonstrated on Cupola Furnaces" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc734664/small/"/></a></p><p>The final goal of this project was the development of a system that is capable of controlling an industrial process effectively through the integration of information obtained through intelligent sensor fusion and intelligent control technologies. The industry of interest in this project was the metal casting industry as represented by cupola iron-melting furnaces. However, the developed technology is of generic type and hence applicable to several other industries. The system was divided into the following four major interacting components: 1. An object oriented generic architecture to integrate the developed software and hardware components @. Generic algorithms for intelligent signal analysis and sensor and model fusion 3. Development of supervisory structure for integration of intelligent sensor fusion data into the controller 4. Hardware implementation of intelligent signal analysis and fusion algorithms</p>Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of the Cosmic-Ray Induced2016-05-19T15:16:37-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc845587/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc845587/"><img alt="Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of the Cosmic-Ray Induced" title="Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of the Cosmic-Ray Induced" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc845587/small/"/></a></p><p>We report on measurements of the cosmic-ray induced {gamma}-ray emission of Earth's atmosphere by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The LAT has observed the Earth during its commissioning phase and with a dedicated Earth-limb following observation in September 2008. These measurements yielded {approx} 6.4 x 10{sup 6} photons with energies > 100 MeV and {approx} 250 hours total livetime for the highest quality data selection. This allows the study of the spatial and spectral distributions of these photons with unprecedented detail. The spectrum of the emission - often referred to as Earth albedo gamma-ray emission - has a power-law shape up to 500 GeV with spectral index {Lambda} = 2.79 {+-} 0.06.</p>FY06 LDRD Final Report Data Intensive Computing2016-09-22T02:13:12-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc888789/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc888789/"><img alt="FY06 LDRD Final Report Data Intensive Computing" title="FY06 LDRD Final Report Data Intensive Computing" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc888789/small/"/></a></p><p>The goal of the data intensive LDRD was to investigate the fundamental research issues underlying the application of High Performance Computing (HPC) resources to the challenges of data intensive computing. We explored these issues through four targeted case studies derived from growing LLNL programs: high speed text processing, massive semantic graph analysis, streaming image feature extraction, and processing of streaming sensor data. The ultimate goal of this analysis was to provide scalable data management algorithms to support the development of a predictive knowledge capability consistent with the direction of Aurora.</p>Consolidation and shear failure leading to subsidence and settlement. Final report2018-02-22T19:45:48-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1112124/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1112124/"><img alt="Consolidation and shear failure leading to subsidence and settlement. Final report" title="Consolidation and shear failure leading to subsidence and settlement. Final report" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1112124/small/"/></a></p><p>Subsidence and settlement are phenomena that are much more destructive than generally thought. In shallow land burials they may lead to cracking of the overburden and eventual exposure and escape of waste material. The primary causes are consolidation and cave-ins. Laboratory studies performed at Los Alamos permit us to predict settlement caused by consolidation or natural compaction of the crushed tuff overburden. We have also investigated the shear failure characteristics of crushed tuff that may lead to subsidence. Examples of expected settlement and subsidence are calculated based on the known geotechnical characteristics of crushed tuff. The same thing is done for bentonite/tuff mixes because some field experiments were performed using this additive (bentonite) to reduce the hydraulic conductivity of the crushed tuff. Remedial actions, i.e., means to limit the amount of settlement, are discussed. We finally discuss our field experiment, which studies the influence of subsidence on layered systems in general and on biobarriers in particular. The share of the produced cavities is compared with cavities produced by idealized voids in an idealized environment. Study of root penetration at subsidence sites gives us an indication of the remaining degree of integrity. 30 refs., 24 figs., 19 tabs.</p>Low-level integrated system test2018-02-18T15:59:10-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1099578/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1099578/"><img alt="Low-level integrated system test" title="Low-level integrated system test" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1099578/small/"/></a></p><p>An unusually wet season permitted us to test the integrity of our biobarrier installed in the improved or modified plots in our integrated system. Although the modified plots had a reduced water-holding capacity, they delivered leachate only at the drain installed above the biobarrier, demonstrating once more that the biobarrier is behaving successfully as a capillary barrier in rerouting the subsurface flow around the tuff beneath the biobarrier. As a result of vertical water flow impedance, more water was made available to plot vegetation, enhancing its growth dramatically. The capillary barrier theory was backed up by the tensiometer results showing saturation at the upper biobarrier interface. 11 refs., 19 figs</p>A novel approach to highly dispersing catalytic materials in coal for gasification. Ninth quarterly report, October 1, 1991--December 31, 19912018-11-03T11:47:27-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1318797/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1318797/"><img alt="A novel approach to highly dispersing catalytic materials in coal for gasification. Ninth quarterly report, October 1, 1991--December 31, 1991" title="A novel approach to highly dispersing catalytic materials in coal for gasification. Ninth quarterly report, October 1, 1991--December 31, 1991" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1318797/small/"/></a></p><p>This project seeks to develop a technique, based on coal surface properties, for highly dispersing catalysts in coal for gasification and to investigate the potential of using potassium carbonate and calcium acetate mixtures as catalysts for coal gasification. The lower cost and higher catalytic activity of the latter compound will produce economic benefits by reducing the amount of K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} required for high coal char reactivities. As was shown in previous reports, coal loading with potassium or calcium at different pHs produced CO{sub 2} gasification activities which increased in the order pH 6 > pH 10 {much_gt} pH 1. The current report shows that a similar trend was obtained when calcium and potassium were simultaneously loaded and char reaction times were less than about 75 min. Beyond this time, the coal impregnated with catalyst at pH 1 became more reactive, reaching 100% conversion after 1.5h. X-ray diffraction analysis suggest that the catalysts are well dispersed around pH 1 and 6 whereas reduced dispersion as obtained at pH 10. The reactivities are independent of the surface areas of the coals.</p>A novel approach to highly dispersing catalytic materials in coal for gasification2018-02-18T15:59:10-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1102270/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1102270/"><img alt="A novel approach to highly dispersing catalytic materials in coal for gasification" title="A novel approach to highly dispersing catalytic materials in coal for gasification" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1102270/small/"/></a></p><p>This project seeks to develop a technique, based on coal surface properties, for highly dispersing catalysts in coal for gasification and to investigate the potential of using potassium carbonate and calcium acetate mixtures as catalysts for coal gasification. The lower cost and higher catalytic activity of the latter compound will produce economic benefits by reducing the amount of K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} required for high coal char reactivities. As was shown in previous reports, coal loading with potassium or calcium at different pHs produced CO{sub 2} gasification activities which increased in the order pH 6 > pH 10 {much gt} pH 1. The current report shows that a similar trend was obtained when calcium and potassium were simultaneously loaded and char reaction times were less than about 75 min. Beyond this time, the coal impregnated with catalyst at pH 1 became more reactive, reaching 100% conversion after 1.5h. X-ray diffraction analysis suggest that the catalysts are well dispersed around pH 1 and 6 whereas reduced dispersion as obtained at pH 10. The reactivities are independent of the surface areas of the coals.</p>Preliminary Safety Evaluation of the Sodium Reactor Experiment2017-10-15T22:09:52-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1019131/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1019131/"><img alt="Preliminary Safety Evaluation of the Sodium Reactor Experiment" title="Preliminary Safety Evaluation of the Sodium Reactor Experiment" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1019131/small/"/></a></p><p>A description is given of the Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE) facilities and program of objectives. The hazards associated with equipment failures and malfunctions, personnel errors, natural causes, and operation are evaluated (C.J.G.)</p>The Reaction of Glass During Gamma Irradiation in a Saturated Tuff Environment: Part 3, Long-Term Experiments at 1 X 10{Sup 4}Rad/Hour2015-08-14T08:43:32-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc697854/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc697854/"><img alt="The Reaction of Glass During Gamma Irradiation in a Saturated Tuff Environment: Part 3, Long-Term Experiments at 1 X 10{Sup 4}Rad/Hour" title="The Reaction of Glass During Gamma Irradiation in a Saturated Tuff Environment: Part 3, Long-Term Experiments at 1 X 10{Sup 4}Rad/Hour" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc697854/small/"/></a></p><p>Savannah River Laboratory 165 type glass was leached with equilibrated J-13 groundwater at 90{degree}C for times up to 182 days. These experiments were performed as part of an effort by the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations Project to assess the importance of radiation effects on repository performance and waste glass corrosion. The gamma radiation field used in this work was 1. 0 +- 0.2 x 10{sup 4} rad/h. Glass dissolution is notably incongruent throughout the entire experimental periods and normalized releases follow the sequence Li {ge} Na {ge} B {approx_equal} U {ge} Si. The normalized leach rates of these elements, as well as the measured growth rates of the reaction layers, decreased with time. The only significant variation observed in the abundance of anions is the systematic decrease in NO{sub 3}/sup {minus}//NO{sub 2}/sup {minus}/ ratio from the starting EJ-13 groundwater to the EJ-13 blank experiments to the tuff- and glass-containing experiments. A leaching model that is consistent with the observed solution data and depth profiles is presented. The applicability and limitation of the present results in predicting the actual interactions that may occur in the NNWSI repository are discussed. 35 refs., 30 figs., 12 tabs.</p>EARLY ENTRANCE COPRODUCTION PLANT2015-09-29T05:31:59-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc719688/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc719688/"><img alt="EARLY ENTRANCE COPRODUCTION PLANT" title="EARLY ENTRANCE COPRODUCTION PLANT" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc719688/small/"/></a></p><p>The overall objective of this project is the three phase development of an Early Entrance Coproduction Plant (EECP) which produces at least one product from at least two of the following three categories: (1) electric power (or heat), (2) fuels, and (3) chemicals. The objective is to have these products produced by technologies capable of using synthesis gas derived from coal and/or other carbonaceous feedstocks. The objective of Phase I is to determine the feasibility and define the concept for the EECP located at a specific site and to develop a Research, Development, and Testing Plan (RD and T) for implementation in Phase II. The objective of Phase II is to implement the RD and T as outlined in the Phase I RD and T Plan to enhance the development and commercial acceptance of coproduction technology that produces high-value products, particularly those that are critical to our domestic fuel and power requirements. The project will resolve critical knowledge and technology gaps on the integration of gasification and downstream processing to coproduce some combination of power, fuels, and chemicals from coal and/or other carbonaceous feedstocks. The objective of Phase III is to develop an engineering design package and a financing plan for an EECP located at a specific site. The project's intended result is to provide the necessary technical, economic, and environmental information that will be needed to move the EECP forward to detailed design, construction, and operation by industry.</p>ADVANCED COMPOSITE WIND TURBINE BLADE DESIGN BASED ON DURABILITY AND DAMAGE TOLERANCE2016-05-19T15:16:37-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc837390/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc837390/"><img alt="ADVANCED COMPOSITE WIND TURBINE BLADE DESIGN BASED ON DURABILITY AND DAMAGE TOLERANCE" title="ADVANCED COMPOSITE WIND TURBINE BLADE DESIGN BASED ON DURABILITY AND DAMAGE TOLERANCE" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc837390/small/"/></a></p><p>The objective of the program was to demonstrate and verify Certification-by-Analysis (CBA) capability for wind turbine blades made from advanced lightweight composite materials. The approach integrated durability and damage tolerance analysis with robust design and virtual testing capabilities to deliver superior, durable, low weight, low cost, long life, and reliable wind blade design. The GENOA durability and life prediction software suite was be used as the primary simulation tool. First, a micromechanics-based computational approach was used to assess the durability of composite laminates with ply drop features commonly used in wind turbine applications. Ply drops occur in composite joints and closures of wind turbine blades to reduce skin thicknesses along the blade span. They increase localized stress concentration, which may cause premature delamination failure in composite and reduced fatigue service life. Durability and damage tolerance (D&DT) were evaluated utilizing a multi-scale micro-macro progressive failure analysis (PFA) technique. PFA is finite element based and is capable of detecting all stages of material damage including initiation and propagation of delamination. It assesses multiple failure criteria and includes the effects of manufacturing anomalies (i.e., void, fiber waviness). Two different approaches have been used within PFA. The first approach is Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) PFA while the second one is strength-based. Constituent stiffness and strength properties for glass and carbon based material systems were reverse engineered for use in D&DT evaluation of coupons with ply drops under static loading. Lamina and laminate properties calculated using manufacturing and composite architecture details matched closely published test data. Similarly, resin properties were determined for fatigue life calculation. The simulation not only reproduced static strength and fatigue life as observed in the test, it also showed composite damage and fracture modes that resemble those reported in the tests. The results show that computational simulation can be relied on to enhance the design of tapered composite structures such as the ones used in turbine wind blades. A computational simulation for durability, damage tolerance (D&DT) and reliability of composite wind turbine blade structures in presence of uncertainties in material properties was performed. A composite turbine blade was first assessed with finite element based multi-scale progressive failure analysis to determine failure modes and locations as well as the fracture load. D&DT analyses were then validated with static test performed at Sandia National Laboratories. The work was followed by detailed weight analysis to identify contribution of various materials to the overall weight of the blade. The methodology ensured that certain types of failure modes, such as delamination progression, are contained to reduce risk to the structure. Probabilistic analysis indicated that composite shear strength has a great influence on the blade ultimate load under static loading. Weight was reduced by 12% with robust design without loss in reliability or D&DT. Structural benefits obtained with the use of enhanced matrix properties through nanoparticles infusion were also assessed. Thin unidirectional fiberglass layers enriched with silica nanoparticles were applied to the outer surfaces of a wind blade to improve its overall structural performance and durability. The wind blade was a 9-meter prototype structure manufactured and tested subject to three saddle static loading at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL). The blade manufacturing did not include the use of any nano-material. With silica nanoparticles in glass composite applied to the exterior surfaces of the blade, the durability and damage tolerance (D&DT) results from multi-scale PFA showed an increase in ultimate load of the blade by 9.2% as compared to baseline structural performance (without nano). The use of nanoparticles lead to a delay in the onset of delamination. Load-displacement relationships obtained from testing of the blade with baseline neat material were compared to the ones from analytical simulation using neat resin and using silica nanoparticles in the resin. Multi-scale PFA results for the neat material construction matched closely those from test for both load displacement and location and type of damage and failure. AlphaSTAR demonstrated that wind blade structures made from advanced composite materials can be certified with multi-scale progressive failure analysis by following building block verification approach.</p>A Comprehensive Study of Surface Chemistry for Application to Engine NOx Aftertreatment2019-01-23T12:54:46-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1408678/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1408678/"><img alt="A Comprehensive Study of Surface Chemistry for Application to Engine NOx Aftertreatment" title="A Comprehensive Study of Surface Chemistry for Application to Engine NOx Aftertreatment" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1408678/small/"/></a></p><p>This work focuses on developing a scientific understanding of the processes associated with NO{sub x} trap operation. NO{sub x} traps are the most advanced technology for achieving future emissions standards with diesel engines. Successful development of NO{sub x} traps will allow widespread use of diesel engines in light-duty vehicles, reducing oil imports by as much as 60%. Diesel engines have a high efficiency and low maintenance that makes them the ideal choice for transportation applications. Use of diesel engines in all light-duty vehicles would reduce oil consumption in the USA by 30% and oil imports by 60%, considerably improving our energy security. For heavy trucks, there is no viable alternative to diesel engines. Only diesel engines can provide the necessary high efficiency and long life. These benefits are offset by high emission of pollutants. Diesel engines have high emissions of NO{sub x} and particulate matter. Over the last 20 years, EPA has been reducing allowable emissions from diesel engines, and NO{sub x} emissions are scheduled to be cut by a factor of 10 over the next 7 years. The target NO{sub x} emissions for year 2010 is 0.20 g/hp-hr. This value is well below 1 g/hp-hr, which has been identified by one of the authors (Pitz [1]) as the minimum possible NO{sub x} emissions that can be obtained in a diesel engine with satisfactory combustion and without exhaust aftertreatment. An 80% efficient aftertreatment system is therefore necessary for achieving the 2010 NO{sub x} emissions regulation. Achieving this level of diesel aftertreatment efficiency is a daunting task, and one that will require a strong research effort. Manufacturing diesel after treatment systems with 80% efficiency for model year 2010 is an extremely difficult task. Our advanced analysis tools (computational chemistry linked with fluid mechanics and heat transfer) can be used to analyze and optimize NO{sub x} traps, which are the system of choice for diesel engine aftertreatment. NO{sub x} adsorbing catalysts operate by adsorbing the NO{sub x} in the exhaust stream during regular engine operation. After a period of time (1 minute), the catalyst saturates and has to be regenerated. Regeneration is achieved by injecting a reductant (typically fuel, although hydrogen or ammonia can also be used) into the catalyst. The adsorbed NO{sub x} desorbs under rich conditions, and then reacts with the reductant, producing molecular nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide. The regeneration cycle typically lasts about 2 seconds. After the regeneration cycle, the catalyst is ready for a new adsorption cycle. Intermittent regeneration of the catalytic surfaces is a complex process, and much of the basic science behind this process is not understood. Unsolved scientific problems include the development of chemical kinetic mechanisms for surface chemistry; the analysis of sulfur poisoning of the catalyst surfaces and the phenomenon of thermal aging of the catalyst materials. The adsorption and regeneration processes are dependent on gaseous flow rate, surface chemical kinetics and converter geometry. A comprehensive study of this process is of great importance to achieve the desired system efficiency for NO{sub x} reduction. The possibilities and future market opportunities are enormous. This project supports the DOE mission by improving national security through reduced dependence on foreign oil. This work also provides an opportunity for enhancing our surface chemistry analysis capabilities, which have great applicability to missile reentry, fuel cells, and sensors for chemical warfare agents and explosives detection. In addition to this, we will help the US industry remain competitive and will help clean up the environment.</p>Thin-film characterization and flaw detection. Final report, February 1, 1993--November 31, 19972015-07-25T02:20:41-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc684187/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc684187/"><img alt="Thin-film characterization and flaw detection. Final report, February 1, 1993--November 31, 1997" title="Thin-film characterization and flaw detection. Final report, February 1, 1993--November 31, 1997" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc684187/small/"/></a></p><p>The objectives were to determine the elastic constants of thin films deposited on substrates, to measure residual stress and to detect and characterize defects in thin film substrate configurations. There are many present and potential applications of configurations consisting of a thin film deposited on a substrate. Thin films that are deposited to improve the hardness and/or the thermal properties of surfaces were of principal interest in this work. Thin film technology does, however, also include high {Tc} superconductor films, films for magnetic recording, superlattices and films for band-gap engineering and quantum devices. The studies that were carried out on this project also have relevance to these applications. Both the film and the substrate are generally anisotropic. A line-focus acoustic microscope has been used to measure the speed of surface acoustic waves (SAW) in the thin film/substrate system. This microscope has unique advantages for measurements in anisotropic media. Analytical and numerical techniques have been employed to extract the desired information on the thin film from the measured SAW data. Results include: (1) analytical and numerical techniques for the direct problem and for inverse methods; (2) measurements of homogeneous and superlattice film constants; (3) investigation of the effect of surface roughness and (4) measurements of residual stresses.</p>Hot dry rock reservoir characterization and modeling. Progress report, October 1, 1978-September 30, 1979. Final report2018-02-04T10:51:49-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1070378/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1070378/"><img alt="Hot dry rock reservoir characterization and modeling. Progress report, October 1, 1978-September 30, 1979. Final report" title="Hot dry rock reservoir characterization and modeling. Progress report, October 1, 1978-September 30, 1979. Final report" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1070378/small/"/></a></p><p>Resuls of analytical and experimental studies on hydraulic fracturing and on the characterization and modeling of hot dry rock geothermal energy reservoirs are presented. The first four Chapters are concerned with problems of thermal cracking and heat transfer, with fluid flow through large cracks, and with the stable and unstable growth of water-filled cracks under internal pressure and thermal loading. Experiments are reported, which present visually observable hydraulic fractures in transparent materials to demonstrate the interaction between hydraulic fractures and the development of thermal cracks. Seismic detection of hydraulic fractures is discussed, and a method to invert crack-scattering data is presented. Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the six chapters.</p>Transmission System Performance Analysis for High-Penetration Photovoltaics2016-09-27T01:39:22-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc896802/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc896802/"><img alt="Transmission System Performance Analysis for High-Penetration Photovoltaics" title="Transmission System Performance Analysis for High-Penetration Photovoltaics" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc896802/small/"/></a></p><p>This study is an assessment of the potential impact of high levels of penetration of photovoltaic (PV) generation on transmission systems. The effort used stability simulations of a transmission system with different levels of PV generation and load.</p>Recent regulatory experience of low-Btu coal gasification. Volume III. Supporting case studies2018-02-18T15:59:10-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1095039/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1095039/"><img alt="Recent regulatory experience of low-Btu coal gasification. Volume III. Supporting case studies" title="Recent regulatory experience of low-Btu coal gasification. Volume III. Supporting case studies" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1095039/small/"/></a></p><p>The MITRE Corporation conducted a five-month study for the Office of Resource Applications in the Department of Energy on the regulatory requirements of low-Btu coal gasification. During this study, MITRE interviewed representatives of five current low-Btu coal gasification projects and regulatory agencies in five states. From these interviews, MITRE has sought the experience of current low-Btu coal gasification users in order to recommend actions to improve the regulatory process. This report is the third of three volumes. It contains the results of interviews conducted for each of the case studies. Volume 1 of the report contains the analysis of the case studies and recommendations to potential industrial users of low-Btu coal gasification. Volume 2 contains recommendations to regulatory agencies.</p>Interactions of CO{sub 2} With Temperature and Other Climate Variables: Response of Vegetation. Final Report, September 1, 1988--August 31, 19932015-08-14T08:43:32-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699321/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699321/"><img alt="Interactions of CO{sub 2} With Temperature and Other Climate Variables: Response of Vegetation. Final Report, September 1, 1988--August 31, 1993" title="Interactions of CO{sub 2} With Temperature and Other Climate Variables: Response of Vegetation. Final Report, September 1, 1988--August 31, 1993" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699321/small/"/></a></p><p>The current project was initiated in 1991, and full details of the scope of the project are contained in the original proposal. that original proposal was reviewed and approved for three years funding. Progress made in 1991-92 and 1992-93 was described in annual Progress Reports and Statements of Work. This document summarizes progress made over the duration of the project, but with an emphasis on the final year`s (1993-94) results. Several of the important experiments are ongoing, to the extent that alternative funding could be arranged, and analyses of data from several of the earlier completed experiments is continuing. Therefore, this Final Report is also intermediary in nature, and additional results from this project will be reported in the open literature in the future. The overall objectives of the project were: (1) to examine experimentally, for major crop species, the interacting effects of CO{sub 2} concentration, temperature, and water availability on plant growth and development, (2) to model these interactions, and (3) to continue developing physiologically-based mechanistic models for predicting crop response to increased CO{sub 2} concentration and future global climate change.</p>Electroweak physics: measurement of the forward-backward charge asymmetry of electron-positron pairs in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev2015-12-03T09:30:17-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc780497/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc780497/"><img alt="Electroweak physics: measurement of the forward-backward charge asymmetry of electron-positron pairs in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev" title="Electroweak physics: measurement of the forward-backward charge asymmetry of electron-positron pairs in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc780497/small/"/></a></p><p>We report a measurement of the forward-backward charge asymmetry of electrons from W boson decays in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV using a data sample of 170 pb{sup -1} collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The asymmetry is measured as a function of electron rapidity and transverse energy and provides new input on the momentum fraction dependence of the u and d quark parton distribution functions within the proton.</p>Electroweak physics: measurement of w gamma and z gamma production in pp-bar collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev2015-12-03T09:30:17-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc785496/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc785496/"><img alt="Electroweak physics: measurement of w gamma and z gamma production in pp-bar collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev" title="Electroweak physics: measurement of w gamma and z gamma production in pp-bar collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc785496/small/"/></a></p><p>The Standard Model predictions for W{gamma} and Z{gamma} production are tested using an integrated luminosity of 200 pb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collision data collected at the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The cross sections are measured by selecting leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons, and photons with transverse energy E{sub T} > 7 GeV that are well separated from leptons. The production cross sections and kinematic distributions for the W{gamma} and Z{gamma} data are compared to SM predictions.</p>Exotic physics: search for excited and exotic electrons in the e gamma decay channel in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev2015-12-03T09:30:17-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc785502/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc785502/"><img alt="Exotic physics: search for excited and exotic electrons in the e gamma decay channel in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev" title="Exotic physics: search for excited and exotic electrons in the e gamma decay channel in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc785502/small/"/></a></p><p>We present a search for excited and exotic electrons (e*) decaying to an electron and a photon, both with high transverse momentum. We use 202 pb{sup -1} of data collected in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector. No signal above standard model expectation is seen for associated ee* production. We discuss the e* sensitivity in the parameter space of the excited electron mass M{sub e*} and the compositeness energy scale {Lambda}. In the contact interaction model, we exclude 132 GeV/c{sup 2} < M{sub e*} < 879 GeV/c{sup 2} for {Lambda} = M{sub e*} at 95% confidence level (C.L.). In the gauge-mediated model, we exclude 126 GeV/c{sup 2} < M{sub e*} < 430 GeV/c{sup 2} at 95% C.L. for the phenomenological coupling f/{Lambda} {approx} 10{sup -2} GeV{sup -1}.</p>Observation of the narrow state x (3872) --> j/psi pi+ pi- in pbar p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev2015-12-03T09:30:17-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc777034/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc777034/"><img alt="Observation of the narrow state x (3872) --> j/psi pi+ pi- in pbar p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev" title="Observation of the narrow state x (3872) --> j/psi pi+ pi- in pbar p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 tev" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc777034/small/"/></a></p><p>The authors report the observation of a narrow state decaying into J/{psi}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} and produced in 220 pb{sup -1} of {bar p}p collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV in the CDF II experiment. They observe 730 {+-} 90 decays. The mass is measured to be 3871.3 {+-} 0.7(stat) {+-} 0.4(syst) MeV/c{sup 2}, with an observed width consistent with the detector resolution. This is in agreement with the recent observation by the Belle Collaboration of the X(3872) meson.</p>