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Variable Pitch Propellers

Description: In this report are described four different types of propellers which appeared at widely separated dates, but which were exhibited together at the last Salon de l'Aeronautique. The four propellers are the Chaviere variable pitch propeller, the variable pitch propeller used on the Clement Bayard dirigible, the variable pitch propeller used on Italian dirigibles, and the Levasseur variable pitch propeller.
Date: November 1920
Creator: Bacon, D. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The "Universal" Adjustable and Reversible Propeller Built by Paragon Engineers, Inc., Baltimore, MD

Description: "A device which does for the aircraft what change speed gears do for the automobile is the invention of Spencer Heath. It comprises a system of special blades and a mechanism for varying the pitch of the blades from zero to 360 degrees, while in flight or otherwise. By adjusting the pitch, either before starting or while the engine is running, to a less than normal angle, the engine is allowed to pick up speed and deliver its maximum power which is necessary in taking-off with a heavier load th… more
Date: November 1922
Creator: Bacon, David L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of the Inflow Theory of the Propeller

Description: Report discusses the theory of inflow of the propeller and the fact that both suctional axial velocity and suctional tangential velocity must be considered when calculating the maximum efficiency.
Date: November 1920
Creator: Betz, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Experiments on Airfoils With Aileron and Slot

Description: The present report contains the results of a few experiments on three airfoils to which the rear portions, having chords respectively 1/4, 1/3, and 2/5 of the total chords, are hinged so as to form ailerons, especial attention being given to the shape of the slot between the aileron and the main portion of the aileron.
Date: November 1927
Creator: Betz, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A Method for the Direct Determination of Wing-Section Drag

Description: In order that the method may be more easily understood, we will first consider the simpler case when there is no lift, but only drag, and when the streamlines at the measuring point behind the obstacle are nearly parallel. Moreover, the flow is assumed not to deviate much from the two-dimensional flow.
Date: November 1925
Creator: Betz, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Vortices and the Related Principles of Hydrodynamics

Description: Here, conceptions concerning vortices are illustrated by the simplest possible examples. Mathematical formulas and similar means of presentation, which, for the most part, do not help the understanding of persons not versed therein, have been avoided as much as possible. Instead, the author has endeavored to demonstrate the phenomena by means of simple geometrical and mechanical illustrations. For the sake of clarity, the author chiefly considers currents in one plane only, a situation that can… more
Date: November 1921
Creator: Betz, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Approximate Calculation of the Static Longitudinal Stability of Airplanes

Description: It seems desirable to have some simple method for calculating quickly and with sufficient accuracy: 1) the correct position of the center of gravity; 2) the requisite tail-group dimensions; 3) and the course of the wing and tail-group moments. In out deductions, we will first replace the biplane (disregarding the effect of stagger, decalage and induced drag) by an equivalent monoplane, whose dimensions and position in space can be approximately determined in a simple manner.
Date: November 1926
Creator: Bienen, Theodor
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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How to Lay Out and Build an Airplane Landing Field: Notes on Shape and Size of Plot, Runway Details, Type and Arrangement of Buildings, Drainage of Field, Best Kind of Grass and Proper Marking to Aid Pilots

Description: Report presenting a description of considerations that go into the layout and building of an aircraft landing field or airstrip. Some of the elements considered include the shape and size of the plot, general arrangement, buildings present near the airstrip, runways, grass, roadways and railroad tracks, field markings, and some miscellaneous factors are provided.
Date: November 1922
Creator: Black, Archibald
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Determination of Climbing Ability

Description: "The vertical distribution of the pressure, temperature, and density of the atmosphere varies from day to day. Thus, rates of climb on different days cannot be compared directly, but must be corrected with reference to a standard rate of diminution of air density with increasing altitude. The following problem, therefore, has to be solved" (p. 1).
Date: November 1923
Creator: Blasius, H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Aeronautic Instruction in Germany

Description: This report contains a list of the courses relating to aeronautics announced in Germany, both in the technical high schools and in the universities.
Date: November 1921
Creator: Bouche, Henri
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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On the Take-Off of Heavily Loaded Airplanes

Description: This report examines the take-off conditions of airplanes equipped with tractive propellers, and particularly the more difficult take-off of airplanes heavily loaded per unit of wing area (wing loading) or per unit of engine power (power loading).
Date: November 1928
Creator: Breguet, Louis
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Safety in Airplane Flight

Description: This report presents methods to reduce the incidence of aviation accidents. Some of the methods discussed include enlistment and training of aviators, improvement of controls and control surfaces, and upgrading of power plants.
Date: November 1927
Creator: Brunat, H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The effect of tube length upon the recorded pressures from a pair of static orifices in a wing panel

Description: Report presenting an investigation to determine the effect of tubing length on the indicated pressure values as ascertained in the pressure distribution measurements on the PW-9. The purpose was to determine the percentage of error in the pressure readings which might be caused by various lengths of tubing between the pressure orifices and pressure cell at the manometer. The differences in head caused by variations in the length of tubing are small, the lowest recorded being zero, the highest 2… more
Date: November 1926
Creator: Carroll, T. & Mixon, R. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Elimination of Dead Center in the Controls of Airplanes With Thick Sections

Description: "In several instances where control flaps are placed in the trailing edges of thick sections, it has appeared that a dead center (slackness or lack of control) exists about the neutral position. The condition was also experienced in the rudder action of the XB1A observation airplane. Examination of smoke pictures of the airflow around struts and airfoils indicates what may be the cause of the phenomenon" (p. 1).
Date: November 1922
Creator: Carroll, Thomas
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Variation in Pressures in the Cockpit Fan Airplane in Flight

Description: "The results of an investigation to determine the pressures in the open cockpit of a Vought VE-7 airplane are given. The information has been considered valuable on account of its possible effect upon the operation of instruments, particularly altimeters, due to a variation from the true static pressure which is induced by the passage of the airplane through the air. The observed values are small and the effect upon instruments is inconsiderable" (p. 1).
Date: November 1928
Creator: Carroll, Thomas & McAvoy, William H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Characteristics of Five Propellers in Flight

Description: "This investigation was made for the purpose of determining the characteristics of five full-scale propellers in flight. The equipment consisted of five propellers in conjunction with a VE-7 airplane and a Wright E-2 engine. The propellers were of the same diameter and aspect ratio. Four of them differed uniformly in thickness and pitch and the fifth propeller was identical with one of the other four with exception of a change of the airfoil section" (p. 267).
Date: November 8, 1927
Creator: Crowley, J. W., Jr. & Mixson, R. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The American Airship ZR-3

Description: This airship was built by the Zeppelin Airship Company at Friedrichshafen in 1923-4, for the United States Navy, as the reparations service of the German Government in fulfillment of the treaty of peace. A description of the design, components, flight characteristics, blueprints, and photographs are provided.
Date: November 1924
Creator: Dürr, L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Method Rendering It Possible, in Testing Airplane Wing Models at the Eiffel Laboratory, to Obtain Comparable Polars, Whether the Supports Are Attached to the Upper or Lower Side of Model

Description: Report presenting an examination of the errors that result from testing an aircraft model and applying the results to full-sized airplanes. An investigation is carried out to determine how to obtain comparable polars regardless of whether the supports are attached to the upper or lower side of the model.
Date: November 1922
Creator: Eiffel, G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Static Soaring Flight Over Flat Sea Coasts

Description: Static soaring flight has hitherto been accomplished by means of two sources of energy: ascending air currents in the vicinity of obstacles and those produced by unequal heating. The latter has not yet been practically tested in soaring flight.
Date: November 1923
Creator: Georgii, W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Mathematical and Experimental Investigation of Heat Control and Power Increase in Air-Cooled Aircraft Engines

Description: In order to understand the numerical relations between the air velocity, temperature of the cylinder walls, heat dissipation, cylinder dimensions and type of construction an experimental plant was installed in the Siemens and Halske laboratory. The experimental cylinder was exposed to the air stream of a wind tunnel. The compression chamber was heated by an electrically heated oil bath kept constantly in motion by a stirrer. The wall temperatures were measured by thermocouples.
Date: November 1929
Creator: Gosslau, F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Tests of Artificial Flight at High Altitudes

Description: "If we wish to form an accurate idea of the extraordinary progress achieved in aeronautics, a comparison must be made of the latest altitude records and the figures regarded as highest attainable limit some ten years ago. It is desirable, for two reasons, that we should be able to define the limit of the altitudes that can be reached without artificial aid. First, to know to what extent the human body can endure the inhalation of rarified air. Second, the mental capacity of the aviator must be … more
Date: November 1920
Creator: Gradenwitz, Arthur
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Practical Underground Education of the Coal Miner

Description: Report describing information that should be provided for miners when they are first being trained on-site, as well as an explanation about the education program offered by the Practical Mining School at Dawson, New Mexico.
Date: November 1927
Creator: Grove, G. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Structural Details of German Gliders

Description: The structural details such as wings, fuselage, landing gear, and steering organs of German gliders are detailed in this report.
Date: November 1927
Creator: Gymnich, Alfried
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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