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2001 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT

Description: THE SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT FOR BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 2001, AS REQUIRED BY DOE ORDER 231.1.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: LABORATORY, BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Adaptive Full-Spectrum Solar Energy Systems Cross-Cutting R&D on Adaptive Full-Spectrum Solar Energy Systems for More Efficient and Affordable Use of Solar Energy in Buildings and Hybrid Photobioreactors

Description: This RD&D project is a three year team effort to develop a hybrid solar lighting (HSL) system that transports day light from a paraboloidal dish concentrator to a luminaire via a large core polymer fiber optic. The luminaire can be a device to distribute sunlight into a space for the production of algae or it can be a device that is a combination of day lighting and fluorescent lighting for office lighting. In this project, the sunlight is collected using a one-meter paraboloidal concentrator dish with two-axis tracking. The secondary mirror consists of eight planar-segmented mirrors that direct the visible part of the spectrum to eight fibers (receiver) and subsequently to eight luminaires. This results in about 8,200 lumens incident at each fiber tip. Each fiber can illuminate about 16.7 m{sup 2} (180 ft{sup 2}) of office space. The IR spectrum is directed to a thermophotovoltaic array to produce electricity. This report describes eleven investigations on various aspects of the system. Taken as a whole, they confirm the technical feasibility of this technology.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Wood, Byard D. & Muhs, Jeff D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Advanced Proliferation Resistant, Lower Cost, Uranium-Thorium Dioxide Fuels for Light Water Reactors (Progress report for work through June 2002, 12th quarterly report)

Description: The overall objective of this NERI project is to evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages of an optimized thorium-uranium dioxide (ThO2/UO2) fuel design for light water reactors (LWRs). The project is led by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), with the collaboration of three universities, the University of Florida, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Purdue University; Argonne National Laboratory; and all of the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel vendors in the United States (Framatome, Siemens, and Westinghouse). In addition, a number of researchers at the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute and Professor Kwangheon Park at Kyunghee University are active collaborators with Korean Ministry of Science and Technology funding. The project has been organized into five tasks: · Task 1 consists of fuel cycle neutronics and economics analysis to determine the economic viability of various ThO2/UO2 fuel designs in PWRs, · Task 2 will determine whether or not ThO2/UO2 fuel can be manufactured economically, · Task 3 will evaluate the behavior of ThO2/UO2 fuel during normal, off-normal, and accident conditions and compare the results with the results of previous UO2 fuel evaluations and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensing standards, · Task 4 will determine the long-term stability of ThO2/UO2 high-level waste, and · Task 5 consists of the Korean work on core design, fuel performance analysis, and xenon diffusivity measurements.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Mac Donald, Philip Elsworth
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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ALEGRA Validation Studies for Regular, Mach, and Double Mach Shock Reflection in Gas Dynamics

Description: In this report we describe the performance of the ALEGRA shock wave physics code on a set of gas dynamic shock reflection problems that have associated experimental pressure data. These reflections cover three distinct regimes of oblique shock reflection in gas dynamics--regular, Mach, and double Mach reflection. For the selected data, the use of an ideal gas equation of state is appropriate, thus simplifying to a considerable degree the task of validating the shock wave computational capability of ALEGRA in the application regime of the experiments. We find good agreement of ALEGRA with reported experimental data for sufficient grid resolution. We discuss the experimental data, the nature and results of the corresponding ALEGRA calculations, and the implications of the presented experiment--calculation comparisons.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Chen, Mary I. & Trucano, Timothy G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Alternative Landfill Cover and Monitoring Systems for Landfills in Arid Environments

Description: In December 2000, a performance monitoring facility was constructed adjacent to the mixed waste disposal unit U-3ax/bl at the Area 3 Radioactive Waste Management Site at the Nevada Test Site. This facility consists of eight drainage lysimeters measuring 10 feet in diameter, 8 feet deep, and backfilled with native soil. The lysimeters have three different surface treatments: two were left bare, two were revegetated with native species, and two were allowed to revegetate with invader species (two are reserved for future studies). The lysimeters are instrumented with an array of soil water content and soil water potential sensors and have sealed bottoms so that any drainage can be measured. All sensors are working properly and indicate that the bare lysimeters are the wettest, as expected. The vegetated lysimeters, both seeded and those allowed to revegetate with invader species, are significantly drier than the bare cover treatments. No drainage has occurred in any of the lysimeters. The Accelerated Site Technology Deployment program under the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science and Technology provided the funding for this project with the objective of reducing the uncertainty associated with the performance of monolayer-evapotranspiration waste covers in arid regions such as the one deployed at U-3ax/bl.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Rawlinson, S. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Analyzing the interaction between state tax incentives and the federal production tax credit for wind power

Description: This study analyzes the potential impact of state tax incentives on the federal production tax credit (PTC) for large-scale wind power projects. While the federal PTC provides critical support to wind plants in the U.S., its so-called ''double-dipping'' provisions may also diminish the value of - or make ineffectual - certain types of state wind power incentives. In particular, if structured the wrong way, state assistance programs will undercut the value of the federal PTC to wind plant owners. It is therefore critical to determine which state incentives reduce the federal PTC, and the magnitude of this reduction. Such knowledge will help states determine which wind power incentives can be the most effective. This research concludes that certain kinds of state tax incentives are at risk of reducing the value of the federal PTC, but that federal tax law and IRS rulings are not sufficiently clear to specify exactly what kinds of incentives trigger this offset. State investment tax credits seem most likely to reduce federal PTC payments; the impact of state production tax credits as well as state property and sales tax incentives is more uncertain. Further IRS rulings will be necessary to gain clarity on these issues. State policymakers can seek such guidance from the IRS. While the IRS may not issue a definitive ''revenue ruling'' on requests from state policymakers, the IRS has in the past been willing to provide general information letters that can provide non-binding clarification on these matters. Private wind power developers, meanwhile, may seek guidance through ''private letter'' rulings.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Wiser, Ryan; Bolinger, Mark & Gagliano, Troy
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration

Description: The Nature Conservancy is participating in a Cooperative Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to explore the compatibility of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. The title of the research projects is ''Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration''. The objectives of the project are to: (1) improve carbon offset estimates produced in both the planning and implementation phases of projects; (2) build valid and standardized approaches to estimate project carbon benefits at a reasonable cost; and (3) lay the groundwork for implementing cost-effective projects, providing new testing ground for biodiversity protection and restoration projects that store additional atmospheric carbon. This Technical Progress Report discusses preliminary results of the six specific tasks that The Nature Conservancy is undertaking to answer research needs while facilitating the development of real projects with measurable greenhouse gas impacts. The specific tasks discussed include: Task 1: carbon inventory advancements; Task 2: advanced videography testing; Task 3: baseline method development; Task 4: third-party technical advisory panel meetings; Task 5: new project feasibility studies; and Task 6: development of new project software screening tool.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Stanley, Bill; Brown, Sandra; Hawes, Ellen; Kant, Zoe; Calmon, Miguel & Tiepolo, Gilberto
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Area 2 Bitcutter and Post-Shot Injection Wells Corrective Action Unit 90 Post-Closure Annual Report

Description: Area 2 Bitcutter and Post-Shot Containment Wells Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 90 Post-Closure Monitoring requirements are described in Section VII.B.8.b of the Nevada Test Site Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Permit for a Hazardous Waste Management Facility No. NEV HW009, Revision 4, reissued on November 20, 2000.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Richardson, Glen
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

ARPREC: An arbitrary precision computation package

Description: This paper describes a new software package for performing arithmetic with an arbitrarily high level of numeric precision. It is based on the earlier MPFUN package, enhanced with special IEEE floating-point numerical techniques and several new functions. This package is written in C++ code for high performance and broad portability and includes both C++ and Fortran-90 translation modules, so that conventional C++ and Fortran-90 programs can utilize the package with only very minor changes. This paper includes a survey of some of the interesting applications of this package and its predecessors.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Bailey, David H.; Yozo, Hida; Li, Xiaoye S. & Thompson, Brandon
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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An Assessment of the DART LRT on Taxable Property Valuations and Transit Oriented Development

Description: This report, by the University of North Texas Center for Economic Development and Research, is an update on previous studies of the direct and indirect economic impacts of the Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) Light Rail Transit (LRT) system. Two specific topics addressed in detail are how the proximity to an LRT station affected taxable property values and to what degree the DART rail is serving as a catalyst for transit-oriented development (TOD).
Date: September 2002
Creator: Weinstein, Bernard L. & Clower, Terry L.
Partner: UNT Center for Economic Development and Research
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BARRIER ISSUES TO THE UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS

Description: The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has completed a project to examine fundamental issues that could limit the use of biomass in small industrial steam/power systems in order to increase the future use of this valuable domestic resource. Specifically, the EERC attempted to elucidate the ash-related problems--grate clinkering and heat exchange surface fouling--associated with cofiring coal and biomass in grate-fired systems. Utilization of biomass in stoker boilers designed for coal can be a cause of concern for boiler operators. Boilers that were designed for low-volatile fuels with lower reactivities can experience problematic fouling when switched to higher-volatile and more reactive coal-biomass blends. Higher heat release rates at the grate can cause increased clinkering or slagging at the grate due to higher temperatures. Combustion and loss of volatile matter can start much earlier for biomass fuels compared to design fuel, vaporizing alkali and chlorides which then condense on rear walls and heat exchange tube banks in the convective pass of the stoker, causing noticeable increases in fouling. In addition, stoker-fired boilers that switch to biomass blends may encounter new chemical species such as potassium sulfates, various chlorides, and phosphates. These species in combination with different flue gas temperatures, because of changes in fuel heating value, can adversely affect ash deposition behavior. The goal of this project was to identify the primary ash mechanisms related to grate clinkering and heat exchange surface fouling associated with cofiring coal and biomass--specifically wood and agricultural residuals--in grate-fired systems, leading to future mitigation of these problems. The specific technical objectives of the project were: (1) Modification of an existing pilot-scale combustion system to simulate a grate-fired system. (2) Verification testing of the simulator. (3) Laboratory-scale testing and fuel characterization to determine ash formation and potential fouling mechanisms and to optimize activities in the modified pilot-scale …
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Folkedahl, Bruce C.; Gunderson, Jay R.; Schmidt, Darren D.; Weber, Greg F. & Zygarlicke, Christopher J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Bond forming reactions of carbyne and nitrene complexes. Final technical report for DE-FG02-96ER14608

Description: An isolobal relationship among terminal carbyne, nitrene and oxo ligands provided the basis for our efforts to explore new synthetic routes to such complexes and to probe bond forming reactions of these ligands. The specific goals of this project were to explore reactions of carbyne and nitrene ligands, and a summary of our results follows. Manipulation of metal-ligand pi bonds to control reactivity patterns provided the conceptual basis for this work. New transformations and coupling reactions of the CR and NR moieties bound to metal centers have been explored and transformations of carbyne or nitrene ligands have been achieved. Perhaps the most exciting results have come in the area of the simplest ligand: the CH carbyne unit. Treatment of [Tp'(CO){sub 2}W{triple_bond}C-PPh{sub 3}] [PF{sub 6}] Tp' = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolylborate) with Na[HBEt{sub 3}] forms the methylidyne complex Tp' (CO){sub 2}W{triple_bond}C-H via formyl and carbene intermediates. Protonation of the Tp'(CO){sub 2}W{triple_bond}C-H methylidyne complex yields the cationic agostic methylidene complex, [Tp'(CO){sub 2}W=CH{sub 2}][BF{sub 4}]. The methylidyne complex with a pK{sub a} of 28.7 can be deprotonated to provide the anionic terminal carbide Tp' (CO){sub 2}W{triple_bond}C-Li; a resonance at 556 ppm in the {sup 13}C NMR spectrum has been assigned to the carbide carbon. Addition of excess Na[HBEt{sub 3}] to Tp'(CO){sub 2}W{triple_bond}C-H generates the anionic methylidene complex [Na] [Tp'(CO){sub 2}W{triple_bond}CH{sub 2}].
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Templeton, J. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Building-related symptoms among U.S. office workers and risks factors for moisture and contamination: Preliminary analyses of U.S. EPA BASE Data

Description: The authors assessed relationships between health symptoms in office workers and risk factors related to moisture and contamination, using data collected from a representative sample of U.S. office buildings in the U.S. EPA BASE study. Methods: Analyses assessed associations between three types of weekly, workrelated symptoms-lower respiratory, mucous membrane, and neurologic-and risk factors for moisture or contamination in these office buildings. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the strength of associations for these risk factors as odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for personal-level potential confounding variables related to demographics, health, job, and workspace. A number of risk factors were associated (e.g., 95% confidence limits excluded 1.0) significantly with small to moderate increases in one or more symptom outcomes. Significantly elevated ORs for mucous membrane symptoms were associated with the following risk factors: presence of humidification system in good condition versus none (OR = 1.4); air handler inspection annually versus daily (OR = 1.6); current water damage in the building (OR = 1.2); and less than daily vacuuming in study space (OR = 1.2). Significantly elevated ORs for lower respiratory symptoms were associated with: air handler inspection annually versus daily (OR = 2.0); air handler inspection less than daily but at least semi-annually (OR=1.6); less than daily cleaning of offices (1.7); and less than daily vacuuming of the study space (OR = 1.4). Only two statistically significant risk factors for neurologic symptoms were identified: presence of any humidification system versus none (OR = 1.3); and less than daily vacuuming of the study space (OR = 1.3). Dirty cooling coils, dirty or poorly draining drain pans, and standing water near outdoor air intakes, evaluated by inspection, were not identified as risk factors in these analyses, despite predictions based on previous findings elsewhere, except that very dirty cooling coils were associated with …
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Mendell, Mark J. & Cozen, Myrna
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Calendar Year 2001 Annual Site Environmental Report, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Description: Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) is a government-owned, contractor-operated facility overseen by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) through the Albuquerque Operations Office (AL), Office of Kirtland Site Operations (OKSO). Sandia Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, operates SNL/NM. Work performed at SNL/NM is in support of the DOE and Sandia Corporation's mission to provide weapon component technology and hardware for the needs of the nation's security. Sandia Corporation also conducts fundamental research and development (R&D) to advance technology in energy research, computer science, waste management, microelectronics, materials science, and transportation safety for hazardous and nuclear components. In support of Sandia Corporation's mission, the Integrated Safety and Security (ISS) Center and the Environmental Restoration (ER) Project at SNL/NM have established extensive environmental programs to assist Sandia Corporation's line organizations in meeting all applicable local, state, and federal environmental regulations and DOE requirements. This annual report summarizes data and the compliance status of Sandia Corporation's environmental protection and monitoring programs through December 31, 2001. Major environmental programs include air quality, water quality, groundwater protection, terrestrial surveillance, waste management, pollution prevention (P2), environmental remediation, oil and chemical spill prevention, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Environmental monitoring and surveillance programs are required by DOE Order 5400.1, General Environmental Protection Program (DOE 1990) and DOE Order 231.1, Environment, Safety, and Health Reporting (DOE 1996).
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Vigil, Francine S.; Sanchez, Rebecca D.; Wagner, Katrina & Mayeux, Lucie
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Calendar Year 2001 Annual Site Environmental Report Tonopah Test Range, Nevada

Description: Sandia Corporation (a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation through its contract with the U.S. Department of Energy [DOE]), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) operates the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) in Nevada. Westinghouse Government Service, TTR's operations and maintenance contractor, performs most all environmental program functions. This Annual Site Environmental Report (ASER), which is published to inform the public about environmental conditions at TTR, describes environmental protection programs and summarizes the compliance status with major environmental laws and regulations during Calendar Year (CY) 2001.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: VIGIL, FRANCINE S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Case Studies on the Effectiveness of State Financial Incentives for Renewable Energy

Description: The North Carolina Solar Center at NC State University, in collaboration with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, examined 10 state financial-incentive programs in six states using a case-study approach in order to clarify the key factors-both internal and external to the program-that influence their effectiveness at stimulating deployment of renewable energy technologies. While existing information resources such as the National Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy (DSIRE, www.dsireusa.org) have documented what incentive programs are available, the effectiveness of such programs is not well understood. Understanding the impact of current financial incentives on the deployment of renewables and the factors that influence their effectiveness is critical to a variety of stakeholders, particularly in states considering new incentives or interested in improving or discarding existing ones.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Gouchoe, S.; Everette, V. & Haynes, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Characterization and Dissolution Kinetics Testing of Radioactive H-3 Calcine

Description: Characterization and dissolution kinetics testing were performed with Idaho radioactive H-3 calcine. Calcine dissolution is the key front-end unit operation for the Separations Alternative identified in the Idaho High Level Waste Draft EIS. The impact of the extent of dissolution on the feasibility of Separations must be clearly quantified.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Garn, Troy Gerry & Batcheller, Thomas Aquinas
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Characterization Well R-22 Geochemistry Report

Description: This report provides analytical results for groundwater collected during four characterization-sampling rounds conducted at well R-22 from March 2001 through March 2002. Characterization well R-22 was sampled from March 6 through 13, 2001; June 19 through 26, 2001; November 30 through December 10, 2001; and February 27 through March 7, 2002. The goal of the characterization efforts was to assess the hydrochemistry and to determine whether or not contaminants are present in the regional aquifer in the vicinity of the well. A geochemical evaluation of the analytical results for the well is also presented in this report.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Longmire, Patrick
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Commercialization of CIS-Based Thin-Film PV: Final Technical Report, August 1998--November 2001

Description: This report describes the primary objectives of this subcontract, which are to scale up substrate size and to scale up production capacity of the baseline Siemens Solar Industries (SSI) CIS-based module process while introducing CIS-based products. The primary goals are to scale the substrate size from about 900 cm2 (1 ft2) to approximately 4000 cm2 by the middle of Phase II, and to achieve pilot production rates of 500 kW per year by the end of Phase III. Deliverables for the subcontract include CIS-based products and representative modules delivered to the NREL Module Testing Team for outdoor testing and evaluation.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Tarrant, D. E. & Gay, R. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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COMPARISON OF SENSORS FOR RESISTIVE WALL MODE FEEDBACK CONTROL MILESTONE No.145 CONTAINING PLASMA INSTABILITIES WITH METAL WALLS

Description: OAK A271 COMPARISON OF SENSORS FOR RESISTIVE WALL MODE FEEDBACK CONTROL MILESTONE No.145 CONTAINING PLASMA INSTABILITIES WITH METAL WALLS. The most serious instabilities in the tokamak are those described by ideal magneto-hydrodynamic theory. These modes limit the stable operating space of the tokamak. The ideal MHD calculations predict the stable operating space of the tokamak may be approximately doubled when a perfectly conducting metal wall is placed near the plasma boundary, compared to the case with no wall (free boundary). The unstable mode distortions of the plasma column cannot bulge out through a perfectly conducting wall. However, real walls have finite conductivity and when plasmas are operated in the regime between the free boundary stability limit and the perfectly conducting wall limit, the unstable mode encountered in that case the resistive wall mode, can leak out through the metal wall, allowing the mode to keep slowly growing. The slow growth affords the possibility of feedback stabilizing this mode with external coils. DIII-D is making good progress in such feedback stabilization research and in 2002 will use an improved set of mode sensors inside the vacuum vessel and closer to the plasma surface which are expected theoretically to improve the ability to stabilize the resistive wall mode.
Date: September 1, 2002
Creator: Strait, E. J.; CHU, M. S.; Garofalo, A. M.; Lahaye, R. J.; Okabayashi, M.; Reimerdes, H. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Comprehensive (1986-2001) Characterization of Size at Sexual Maturity for Hawaiian Spiny Lobster (Panulirus marginatus) and Slipper Lobster (Scyllarides squammosus) in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Description: Report on "estimate body size at sexual maturity for Hawaiian spiny lobster and slipper lobster using all available fishery independent research catch data from 1986 to 2001." (pg. 1)
Date: September 2002
Creator: DeMartini, Edward E.; Kleiber, Pierre & DiNardo, Gerard T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Continuous Fiber Ceramic Composites

Description: Fiber-reinforced ceramic composites demonstrate the high-temperature stability of ceramics--with an increased fracture toughness resulting from the fiber reinforcement of the composite. The material optimization performed under the continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCC) included a series of systematic optimizations. The overall goals were to define the processing window, to increase the robustinous of the process, to increase process yield while reducing costs, and to define the complexity of parts that could be fabricated.
Date: September 1, 2002
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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