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Preliminary evaluation of the use of powdered coal as a natural gas substitute for sewage sludge incineration. Final report, June 1--November 30, 1977

Description: Data was collected from each EPA region, each state environmental protection agency, and certain U.S. cities relative to oil, gas, and electricity usage for purposes of wastewater sludge incineration. At present, in the U.S., 7.2 x 10/sup 12/ Btu of premium fuels are utilized for sludge incineration, 68% of which is from gas and 31.5% from oil. Major urban areas at present utilize 3.5 x 10/sup 12/ Btu/yr of these fuels of which 99.5% is from natural gas. By considering sludge incinerators plann… more
Date: November 1, 1977
Creator: Neufeld, R.D.; Yodnane, P. & Abrams, J.I.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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European waste-to-energy systems: case study of Geneva-Cheneviers (Switzerland)

Description: The City of Geneva, population 159,000 is the administrative center of the Canton of Geneva, population 340,000. The Canton owns a number of facilities for the treatment of waste. Geneva's chief waste treatment facility is the Cheneviers Incinerator. Two Von Roll integrated boiler incinerator furnaces have a rated capacity of 200 metric tons (220 short tons) per day each. Superheated steam at 360/sup 0/C and 32.4 bars (32 atm) powers a 6200 kW turbo-generator unit. The electricity is sold to th… more
Date: May 1, 1977
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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European waste-to-energy systems: case study of Koersor, Denmark

Description: Koersor, Denmark operates a waste-to-energy system for only 20,000 persons. Energy is recovered in the form of heat for district heating and the facility has been operating reliably for about four years. The apparent success of this installation suggests that the system may have applications in smaller communities. The design and operation of the facility are summarized. The energy recovered from the boiler amounts to about 7,000 kilotherms (kth) per year. The thermal efficiency of the plant is… more
Date: May 1, 1977
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Health and environmental effects of refuse derived fuel (RDF) production and RDF/coal co-firing technologies

Description: Six facilities, representing the scope of different co-firing techniques with their associated RDF production systems were reviewed in detail for combustion equipment, firing modes, emission control systems, residue handling/disposal, and effluent wastewater treatment. These facilities encompass all currently operational or soon to be operational co-firing plants and associated RDF production systems. Occupational health and safety risks for these plants were evaluated on the basis of fatal and… more
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: O'Toole, J. J.; Wessels, T. E.; Lynch, J. F.; Fassel, V. A.; Lembke, L. L.; Kniseley, R. N. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Experimental Engineering Section semiannual progress report, March 1-August 31, 1976. Volume 2. Biotechnology and environmental programs

Description: This volume contains the progress report of the biotechnology and environmental programs in the Experimental Engineering Section of the Chemical Technology Division. Research efforts in these programs during this report period have been in five areas: (1) environmental research; (2) centrifugal analyzer development; (3) advanced analytical systems development; (4) bioengineering research; and (5) bioengineering development. Summaries of these programmatic areas are contained in Volume I.
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Pitt, Jr., W. W. & Mrochek, J. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of a risk analysis model. Appendix E. 1,000 ton per day anaerobic digestion plant case study, Final report, October 1979

Description: The Department of Energy (DOE) is investigating processes for the recovery of energy from urban wastes, with the intention of determining how the barriers standing in the way of commercialization of these processes can be overcome. Commercialization of any urban waste energy recovery process is constrained by many complex, uncertain components and interactions. Technical, economic, and institutional barriers presently exist which increase both the real and perceived risks of making such a ventu… more
Date: October 1, 1979
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Dutchess County Resource Recovery Task Force report: Dutchess County Pyrolysis Program

Description: Dutchess County initiated development of a long-range master plan for Solid Waste Management in 1971. The plan included development of a resource recovery facility to service the municipalities in the County population center. Based on early recommendations, a pyrolysis facility employing Purox technology was to be implemented. A feasibility study, paid for by County funds was completed in 1975. The study provided siting recommendations, estimation of available waste, and preliminary facility d… more
Date: July 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Feasibility study for utilization of landfill gas at the Royalton Road Landfill, Broadview Heights, Ohio. Final report

Description: The technical viability of landfill gas recovery has been previously demonstrated at numerous sites. However, the economics of a full scale utilization system are dependent on proper market conditions, appropriate technologies, landfill gas quantity and quality, and public/purchaser acceptance. The specific objectives of this feasibility study were to determine: The available markets which might purchase landfill gas or landfill gas derived energy products; An extraction system concept design a… more
Date: September 1, 1983
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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European waste-to-energy systems. Case study of Munich: Munich North IA and IB, Munich North II, Munich South IV and V

Description: The city of Munich has a population of 1,315,000. Solid waste is collected by a city department and delivered to the city's own Electricity Works. The Electricity Works incinerates the waste in five incinerators in two separate locations (the North and South plants). Munich's five incinerators represent three different designs for co-generation of heat and electrical energy. All burn both waste and fossil fuel and all use Benson boilers to produce steam at 184 bars (181.5 atm) and 540/sup 0/C (… more
Date: May 1, 1977
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Water-related environmental control requirements at municipal solid waste-to-energy conversion facilities

Description: Water use and waste water production, water pollution control technology requirements, and water-related limitations to their design and commercialization are identified at municipal solid waste-to-energy conversion systems. In Part I, a summary of conclusions and recommendations provides concise statements of findings relative to water management and waste water treatment of each of four municipal solid waste-to-energy conversion categories investigated. These include: mass burning, with direc… more
Date: September 1, 1980
Creator: Young, J. C. & Johnson, L. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Assessment of municipal solid waste for energy production in the western United States

Description: Municipal solid waste (MSW) represents both a significant problem and an abundant resource for the production of energy. The residential, institutional, and industrial sectors of this country generate about 250 million tons of MSW each year. In this report, the authors have compiled data on the status of MSW in the 13-state western region, including economic and environmental issues. The report is designed to assist the members of the Western Regional Biomass Energy Program Ad Hoc Resource Comm… more
Date: August 1, 1990
Creator: Goodman, B.J. & Texeira, R.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Dried Gamma-Irradiated Sewage Solids Use on Calcareous Soils: Crop Yeilds and Heavy Metals Uptake

Description: Experiments designed to examine gamma-radiation effects on extractable and plant-available sludge elements and to examine the response of crops to sludge applications on two typical, calcareous soils in New Mexico are summarized. Information has been given indicating that the radiation process of reducing pathogens in sewage products being developed by Sandia Laboratories, does not significantly increase the chemical extractability and plant uptake of a broad range of nutrients and heavy metals… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: McCaslin, B. D. & Sivinski, J. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Characterization of solid-waste conversion and cogeneration systems

Description: Recovery of municipal solid wastes (MSW) can reduce the mass of landfilled wastes by as much as 95% and can tap a vast new energy resource. The yearly collection of MSW is estimated to be 125 million tons nationwide. Three basic technologies for recovering energy from MSW are considered, namely: direct combustion using a waterwall incinerator in which heat from burning refuse is converted to steam by circulating water in steel tubes jacketing the interior of the incinerator; manufacture of a re… more
Date: August 15, 1978
Creator: Ritschard, R. L.; Haven, K. F.; Henriquez, M.; Kay, J. & Walzer, W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Chemical Technology Division annual technical report, 1990

Description: Highlights of the Chemical Technology (CMT) Division's activities during 1990 are presented. In this period, CMT conducted research and development in the following areas: (1) electrochemical technology, including advanced batteries and fuel cells; (2) technology for coal- fired magnetohydrodynamics and fluidized-bed combustion; (3) methods for recovery of energy from municipal waste and techniques for treatment of hazardous organic waste; (4) the reaction of nuclear waste glass and spent fuel … more
Date: May 1, 1991
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Waste-to-energy compendium. Final report

Description: A survey is made of 35 waste-to-energy recovery projects throughout the US. Included are nine refuse-derived fuel (RDF) production facilities, six RDF user facilities, two combined RDF production-user facilities, and 18 mass burning facilities with energy recovery. Only those facilities that are fully operational or those in advanced stages of startup and shakedown are surveyed. Information is provided on processing capacities, operation and maintenance problems, equipment specifications, capit… more
Date: April 1, 1981
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Characterization of solid waste conversion and cogeneration systems

Description: The primary objective of the TASE program is to determine the probable consequences to the environment and to public health and safety resulting from widespread implementation of major solar and renewable resource technologies. The specific principal Phase I objective is to determine the levels of residuals most likely to result throughout the complete energy cycle from the utilization of each of the solar and renewable resource technologies. Three basic technologies for recovering energy from … more
Date: September 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The fate of radionuclides in sewage sludge applied to land

Description: Municipal sewage sludge containing up to 12 pCi/g {sup 137}Cs, 20 pCi/g {sup 60}Co, and 300 ppm U was injected in a pasture (43 Mg/ha) and sprayed over a young pine plantation (34 Mg/ha). In the pasture, radionuclides were largely retained in the upper 15 cm of the soil, and only about 15% moved below 15 cm. Sludge rapidly infiltrated the soil on the pine plantation. One year after application, at least 85% of the {sup 137}Cs, {sup 60}Co, and U were found in the upper 7 cm of the pine plantatio… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Boston, H.L.; Van Miegroet, H.; Larsen, I.L.; Walzer, A.E. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)) & Carlton, J.E. (Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Inc., TN (USA))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Effect of alternate cooling systems and beneficial use of waste heat on power plant performance

Description: The performance and cost of alternate closed-cycle cooling systems for steam--electric power plants are discussed. Included are cooling ponds, spray canals and mechanical- and natural-draft wet cooling towers. Besides equipment, operational and maintenance costs, loss of generating capacity is determined on a seasonal basis in order to determine life-cycle costs relative to once-through cooling. In addition, two beneficial uses of waste heat are similarly analyzed: once-through discharge of con… more
Date: November 1, 1978
Creator: Rao, Dilip K. & Porter, Robert W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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User's guide to SERICPAC: A computer program for calculating electric-utility avoided costs rates

Description: SERICPAC is a computer program developed to calculate average avoided cost rates for decentralized power producers and cogenerators that sell electricity to electric utilities. SERICPAC works in tandem with SERICOST, a program to calculate avoided costs, and determines the appropriate rates for buying and selling of electricity from electric utilities to qualifying facilities (QF) as stipulated under Section 210 of PURA. SERICPAC contains simulation models for eight technologies including wind,… more
Date: May 1, 1982
Creator: Wirtshafter, R.; Abrash, M.; Koved, M. & Feldman, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Quarterly report, January 1-March 31, 1979

Description: Progress is reported in the following studies: characterization of organic pollutants emitted by the co-combustion of refuse-derived fuel and coal; environmental effects of using municipal solid wastes as a supplementary fuel; microbiological air quality at the Ames Municipal Solid Waste Recovery System; solid waste to methane environmental study; x-ray and uv excited optical luminescence (XEOL, UVEOL) of carcinogens - analytical possibilities; laser pumped luminescence spectroscopy; and, multi… more
Date: July 1, 1979
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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