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Biological conversion of biomass to methane. Final report, June 1, 1976-January 31, 1980

Description: An experimental methane fermentation system was constructed for the purpose of evaluating the processng requirements and conversion efficiencies associated with production of methane from various organic feed stocks. The fermentation reactors had an operating volume 0.775 m/sup 3/. This permitted operation with an approximate continuous feed of milled organics including beef feedlot manure, corn stover, wheat straw and alfalfa hay. A thermochemical pretreatment was applied to the corn stover an… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Pfeffer, J T
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biomass liquefaction efforts in the United States

Description: A brief summary of the biomass liquefaction research programs in the USA is presented. The facilities is Albany, Oregon and at LBL are described and flowcharts are included. The reactions occuring during these processes are explained. Properties of the oil produced are described. (DC)
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Ergun, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Urban Waste Conversion Systems. IGT Project 61030 final report, October 1, 1978-March 31, 1979

Description: The purpose of this study was to assess the market potential of the various systems available, or under development, for converting urban wastes into synthetic gas or liquids. The primary data base for this assessment is a survey which IGT has sent out to experts in this field. The experts were asked to evaluate various conversion systems by assigning point totals to an evaluation matrix. They were also asked to summarize their work in urban waste conversion, to list critical paths which repres… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Cowen, D. S.; Daniels, E. J. & Novil, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Decision-maker's guide to wood fuel for small industrial energy users. Final report. [Includes glossary]

Description: The technology and economics of various wood energy systems available to the small industrial and commercial energy user are considered. This book is designed to help a plant manager, engineer, or others in a decision-making role to become more familiar with wood fuel systems and make informed decisions about switching to wood as a fuel. The following subjects are discussed: wood combustion, pelletized wood, fuel storage, fuel handling and preparation, combustion equipment, retrofitting fossil-… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Levi, M. P. & O'Grady, M. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Anaerobic fermentation of agricultural residue: potential for improvement and implementation. Final report

Description: The results of studies designed to evaluate the potential of rapidly improving the technology of anaerobic fermentation of agricultural residues and methods of implementing it in existing agricultural operations are reported. The main objectives of this study were to: identify simple and low cost anaerobic fermentor design criteria that would be appropriate in small agricultural operations, develop high rate fermentor concepts that would enable multiple product recovery from the reactor, expand… more
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Jewell, W. J.; Capener, H. R. & Dell'orto, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Analysis of magma-thermal conversion of biomass to gaseous fuel

Description: A wide range of magma types and pluton geometries believed to occur within the upper 10 km of the crust provide suitable sources of thermal energy for conversion of water-biomass mixtures to higher quality gaseous fuel. Gaseous fuel can be generated within a magma body, within the hot subsolidus margins of a magma body, or within surface reaction vessels heated by thermal energy derived from a magma body. The composition, amount, and energy content of the fuel gases generated from water-biomass… more
Date: February 1, 1982
Creator: Gerlach, T. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Liquid fuels production from biomass. Progress report No. 10, October 1-December 31, 1979

Description: It was found that marine algae could be converted to higher aliphatic organic acids and that these acids could be readily removed from the fermentation broth by membrane or liquid-liquid extraction. It was then proposed to convert these higher organic acids via Kolbe Electrolysis to aliphatic hydrocarbons, which may be used as a diesel fuel. A coenzyme M analogue, 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid has been shown to be an effective suppressor of methane in nonsterile anaerobic fermentation of cellulosi… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Sanderson, J. E.; Levy, P. F.; Wise, D. L.; Nabor, M. R.; Molyneaux, M. S. & Hughes, C. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Degradation of cellulosic biomass and its subsequent utilization for the production of chemical feedstocks. Progress report, December 1, 1978-February 28, 1979

Description: The ongoing progress of a coordinated research program aimed at optimizing the biodegradation of cellulosic biomass to ethanol and chemical feedstocks is summarized. Growth requirements and genetic manipulations of clostridium thermocellum for selection of high cellulose producers are reported. The enzymatic activity of the cellulase produced by these organisms was studied. The soluble sugars produced from hydrolysis were analyzed. Increasing the tolerance of C. thermocellum to ethanol during l… more
Date: February 1, 1979
Creator: Wang, D. I. C.; Cooney, C. L.; Demain, A. L.; Gomez, R. F. & Sinskey, A. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hydrogen from Biomass for Urban Transportation

Description: The objective of this project was to develop a method, at the pilot scale, for the economical production of hydrogen from peanut shells. During the project period a pilot scale process, based on the bench scale process developed at NREL (National Renewable Energy Lab), was developed and successfully operated to produce hydrogen from peanut shells. The technoeconomic analysis of the process suggests that the production of hydrogen via this method is cost-competitive with conventional means of hy… more
Date: February 18, 2008
Creator: Boone, William
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Survey of Alternative Feedstocks for Commodity Chemical Manufacturing

Description: The current high prices for petroleum and natural gas have spurred the chemical industry to examine alternative feedstocks for the production of commodity chemicals. High feedstock prices have driven methanol and ammonia production offshore. The U.S. Chemical Industry is the largest user of natural gas in the country. Over the last 30 years, alternatives to conventional petroleum and natural gas feedstocks have been developed, but have limited, if any, commercial implementation in the United St… more
Date: February 1, 2008
Creator: McFarlane, Joanna & Robinson, Sharon M
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biofuel Feedstock Assessment for Selected Countries

Description: Findings from biofuel feedstock production assessments and projections of future supply are presented and discussed. The report aims to improve capabilities to assess the degree to which imported biofuel could contribute to meeting future U.S. targets to reduce dependence on imported oil. The study scope was focused to meet time and resource requirements. A screening process identified Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, India, Mexico, and the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) region for… more
Date: February 18, 2008
Creator: Kline, K. L.; Oladosu, G. A.; Wolfe, A. K.; Perlack, R. D. & Dale, V. H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Energy-supply options for Soldier's Grove, Wisconsin. A summary of recommendations

Description: This report presents ANL's findings on energy supply options for Soldier's Grove, Wisconsin. Thirteen energy supply systems were considered. Although any of the systems could be used--at a price--Argonne recommends the new downtown be supplied by a wood-fired central heating plant with steam distribution. Although a list of the less desirable systems is provided, full details have been omitted here, but will be included in ANL's final report.
Date: February 1, 1979
Creator: Kron, R.; Davis, A.; Davis, H.; Kennedy, A. S.; Bauer, P.; Hrabak, R. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The flash pyrolysis and methanolysis of biomass (wood) for production of ethylene, benzene and methanol

Description: The process chemistry of the flash pyrolysis of biomass (wood) with the reactive gases, H{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} and with the non-reactive gases He and N{sub 2} is being determined in a 1 in. downflow tubular reactor at pressures from 20 to 1000 psi and temperatures from 600 to 1000{degrees}C. With hydrogen, flash hydropyrolysis leads to high yields of methane and CO which can be used for SNG and methanol fuel production. With methane, flash methanolysis leads to high yields of ethylene, benzene … more
Date: February 1, 1990
Creator: Steinberg, M.; Fallon, P. T. & Sundaram, M. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Power-grade butanol recovery and utilization

Description: As an alternative to the traditional recovery systems, it was proposed in a previous publication that the n-butanol/acetone/ethanol fermentation products could be recovered as a power grade fuel blend and used directly as a fuel. This would affect a savings in process energy requirements because each chemical component would not have to be processed individually to technical grade purity. Further, some residual water could be tolerated in the fuel blend. To develop such a power grade fuel recov… more
Date: February 12, 1982
Creator: Noon, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Geothermal energy: feasibility study

Description: A research program initiated to investigate the feasibility of using the geothermal energy available in salt domes to generate electrical power and of using cavities developed in salt domes as high temperature, high pressure chemical reaction vessels for converting municipal wastes to fuel oil or gas is described. Power generation from geothermal was not found to be economically feasible. The conversion of waste to fuel is possible if the problems of cavity collapse can be avoided. (MHR)
Date: February 1, 1976
Creator: Hodgson, E.W. Jr. & Ziegler, R.C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Steam generator with integral downdraft dryer

Description: On June 30, 1989, a financial assistance award was granted by the United State Department of Energy, the purpose of which was to study and evaluate the technical aspect, the economic viability, and commercial possibilities of a new furnace design for burning high moisture cellulose type fuels. The new design is an invention by F.W. Hochmuth, P.Eng. and has received United States Patents Nos. 4,480, 557 and 4,502,397. It was conceived as a method to improve the general operation and efficiency o… more
Date: February 1, 1992
Creator: Hochmuth, F.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preliminary assessment of the prospects for use of refuse-derived fuel in Maryland

Description: The deployment problems of refuse derived fuel (RDF) production in Maryland are examined. Problems experienced by the pyrolysis plant in Baltimore City and the resource recovery plant in Baltimore County are cited. Maryland's municipal solid waste problems are discussed with emphasis on the major components of the municipal solid waste stream, e.g., volume, composition, and location; collection methods used; present and long-range disposal methods; and regulations and ordinances. The generic so… more
Date: February 1, 1979
Creator: Metz, W.C.; Shyer, J. & Edgecomb, K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pacific Northwest and Alaska Regional Bioenergy Program : Five Year Report, 1985-1990.

Description: This five-year report describes activities of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska Regional Bioenergy Program between 1985 and 1990. Begun in 1979, this Regional Bioenergy Program became the model for the nation's four other regional bioenergy programs in 1983. Within the time span of this report, the Pacific Northwest and Alaska Regional Bioenergy Program has undertaken a number of applied research and technology projects, and supported and guided the work of its five participating state energy pr… more
Date: February 1, 1991
Creator: (U.S.), Pacific Northwest and Alaska Bioenergy Program
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fuel from farms: a guide to small-scale ethanol production

Description: A guide on fermentation processes with emphasis on small-scale production of ethanol using farm crops as a source of raw material is published. The current status of on-farm ethanol production as well as an overview of some of the technical and economic factors is presented. Decision and planning worksheets and a sample business plan for use in decision making are included. Specifics in production including information on the raw materials, system components, and operational requirements are al… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cultivation of Macroscopic Marine Algae and Fresh Water Aquatic Weeds

Description: The ORCA clone of the red seaweed Gracilaria tikvahiae has been in culture continuously for over two years. Yield for the past year has averaged 12 g ash-free dry wt/m/sup 2/ .day (17.5 t/a.y) in suspended 2600-1 aluminum tank cultures with four exchanges of enriched seawater per day and continuous aeration. Yields from nonintensive pond-bottom culture, similar to commercial Gracilaria culture methods in Taiwan, averaged 3 g afdw/m/sup 2/.day in preliminary experiments. Rope and spray cultures … more
Date: February 1, 1982
Creator: Ryther, J. H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Conversion system overview assessment. Volume III. Solar thermal/coal or biomass derived fuels

Description: The three volumes of this report cover three distinct areas of solar energy research: solar thermoelectrics, solar-wind hybrid systems, and synthetic fuels derived with solar thermal energy. Volume III deals with the conversion of synthetic fuels with solar thermal heat. The method is a hybrid combination of solar energy with either coal or biomass. A preliminary assessment of this technology is made by calculating the cost of fuel produced as a function of the cost of coal and biomass. It is s… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Copeland, R. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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