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in subjects: "Transmutation"

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Minior Actinide Doppler Coefficient Measurement Assessment

The "Minor Actinide Doppler Coefficient Measurement Assessment" was a Department of Energy (DOE) U-NERI funded project intended to assess the viability of using either the FLATTOP or the COMET critical assembly to measure high temperature Doppler coefficients. The goal of the project was to calculate using the MCNP5 code the gram amounts of Np-237, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-241, AM-241, AM-242m, Am-243, and CM-244 needed to produce a 1E-5 in reactivity for a change in operating temperature 800C to 100… more

Date: April 10, 2008

Creator: Hertel, Nolan E. & Blaylock, Dwayne

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Sphere-Pac Evaluation for Transmutation

The U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) is sponsoring a project at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with the objective of conducting the research and development necessary to evaluate the use of sphere-pac transmutation fuel. Sphere-pac fuels were studied extensively in the 1960s and 1970s. More recently, this fuel form is being studied internationally as a potential plutonium-burning fuel. For transmutation fuel, sphere-pac fuels have potential advantages over traditio… more

Date: May 19, 2005

Creator: Icenhour, A.S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Installation of a cw radiofrequency quadrupole accelerator at Los Alamos National Laboratory

Chalk River Laboratories (CRL) has had a long history of cw proton beam development for production of intense neutron sources and fissile fuel breeders. In 1986 CRL and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) entered into a collaborative effort to establish a base technologies program for the development of a cw radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ). The initial cw RFQ design had 50-keV proton injection energy with 600-keV output energy. The 75-mA design current at 600-keV beam energy was obtained in 1… more

Date: September 1, 1994

Creator: Schneider, J. D.; Bolme, J. & Brown, V.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Selective Separation of Trivalent Actinides from Lanthanides by Aqueous Processing with Introduction of Soft Donor Atoms

With increased application of MOX fuels and longer burnup times for conventional fuels, higher concentrations of the transplutonium actinides Am and Cm (and even heavier species like Bk and Cf) will be produced. The half-lives of the Am isotopes are significantly longer than those of the most important long-lived, high specific activity lanthanides or the most common Cm, Bk and Cf isotopes, thus the greatest concern as regards long-term radiotoxicity. With the removal and transmutation of Am is… more

Date: September 23, 2009

Creator: Nash, Kenneth L.; Clark, Sue B. & Lumetta, Gregg

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Measurement and Analysis Plan for Investigation of Spent-Fuel Assay Using Lead Slowing-Down Spectroscopy

Under funding from the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy’s Materials, Protection, Accounting, and Control for Transmutation (MPACT) program (formerly the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative Safeguards Campaign), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) are collaborating to study the viability of lead slowing-down spectroscopy (LSDS) for spent-fuel assay. Based on the results of previous simulation studies conducted by PNNL and LANL to estimat… more

Date: September 25, 2009

Creator: Smith, Leon E.; Haas, Derek A.; Gavron, Victor A.; Imel, G. R.; Ressler, Jennifer J.; Bowyer, Sonya M. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Developments of linacs for ADTT in the USA

Interesting developments in linear accelerators have been attained over the past 45 years. The status of linear accelerators and future possibilities will be described in context of demanding applications and technology maturity. Features of industrial or factory-type applications are high availability, economic operations, low investment cost and ease of running the facility. All have been demonstrated in one manner or another at large operating facilities for the research community within a d… more

Date: February 1, 1997

Creator: Schriber, S.O.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Incentives and recent proposals for partitioning and transmutation in the United States

Partitioning and transmutation (P-T) is perhaps the most elegant means of high level waste disposal. Currently, the cost of fuel obtained from reprocessing spent fuel exceeds the cost of fuel obtained by mining. This has resulted in the once through fuel cycle dominating the US nuclear industry. Despite this fact P-T continues to be examined and debated by the US as well as abroad. The US first seriously considered P-T between approximately 1976 and 1982 but rejected the concept in favor of rep… more

Date: May 1, 1995

Creator: Donovan, T.J.

Item Type: Thesis or Dissertation

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Overview of superconducting RF technology and its application to high-current linacs

Superconducting linacs may be a viable option for high-current applications such as copious neutron production like that needed for transmutation of radioactive waste. These linacs must run reliably for many years and allow easy routine maintenance. superconducting cavities operate efficiently with high cw gradients, properties which help to reduce operating and capital costs. However, cost effectiveness is not the sole consideration in these applications. For example, beam impingement must be … more

Date: August 1, 1994

Creator: Delayen, J. R. & Bohn, C. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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An overview of accelerator-driven transmutation technology

Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technology, or ADT{sup 2}, is a collection of programs that share a common theme - they each have at their heart an intense source of neutrons generated by a high-energy proton beam striking a heavy metal target. The beam energy, typically 1000 MeV, is enough for a single proton to smash a target atom into atomic fragments. This so-called spallation process generates large numbers of neutrons (around 20 to 30 per proton) amid the atomic debris. These neutrons ar… more

Date: July 1, 1994

Creator: Heighway, E. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Accelerator transmutation of {sup 129}I

Iodine-129 is one of several long-lived reactor products that is being considered for transmutation by the Los Alamos Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) program. A reasonable rate of transmutation of 1291 is possible in this system because of the anticipated high neutron flux generated from the accelerator. This report summarizes previous papers dealing with the transmutation of 1291 where reactor technologies have been employed for neutron sources. The transmutation process is considered… more

Date: October 1, 1992

Creator: Attrep, M. Jr.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Recovery of Technetium and Iodine from Spent ATW TRISO Type Fuels.

The Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) program is being developed to determine the feasibility of separating and transmutating the transactinides (Pu-Cm) and long-lived fission product (99Tc and 129I) from spent LWR fuel. Several types of ATW fuels have been suggested to transmutate the Pu-Cm fraction including TRISO type fuels. An ATW TRISO fuel would consist of a Pu-Cm oxide kernel surrounded by several layers of pyrolytic carbon, a layer of SiC, and an outer layer of pyrolytic carbon. … more

Date: January 1, 2001

Creator: Schroeder, N. C. (Norman C.) & Attrep, Moses

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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A Family of L-band SRF Cavities for High Power Proton Driver Applications

Recent global interest in high duty factor or CW superconducting linacs with high average beam power highlights the need for robust and reliable SRF structures capable of delivering high average RF power to the beam with moderate HOM damping, low interception of halo and good efficiency. Potential applications include proton or H- drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino physics, waste transmutation, subcritical reactors, and high-intensity high-energy physics experiments. We describe a… more

Date: May 1, 2009

Creator: Robert Rimmer, Frank Marhauser

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Using Systems Analysis to Guide Fuel Cycle Development

Systems Analysis is an important tool for guiding the development of an advanced fuel cycle. The process of nuclear research, development, and demonstration takes a relatively long time, and can require a significant amount of expensive testing. It is beneficial to minimize the amount of testing required, and systems analysis should be used as one of the first steps in downselecting technologies and streamlining the requirements. This paper discusses the application of systems analysis to advan… more

Date: September 1, 2009

Creator: McCarthy, K. A. & Pasamehmetoglu, K. O.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Transmutation of massive loadings of $sup 137$Cs in the blanket of a controlled thermonuclear reactor

From joint meeting of the American Nuclear Society and the Atomic lndustrial Forum and Nuclear Energy Exhibition; San Francisco, California, USA (11 Nov 1973). Calculations have been performed that indicate the possibility of reducing below ten years the effective half-life for transmutation of massive loadings of /sup 137/Cs placed in a CTR blanket. The blanket studied is a modification of the cylindrical standard blanket'' calculational benchmark, having 1 cm of Nb wall material followed by a… more

Date: January 1, 1973

Creator: Gore, B. F. & Leonard, B. R., Jr.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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A comparison of equilibrium and non-equilibrium cycle methods for Na-cooled ATW system.

An equilibrium cycle method, embodied in the REBUS-3[1] code system, has generally been used in conventional fast reactor design activities. The equilibrium cycle method provides an efficient approach for modeling reactor system, compared to the more traditional non-equilibrium cycle fuel management calculation approach. Recently, the equilibrium analysis method has been utilized for designing Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW)[2,3,4] cores, in which a scattered-reloading fuel management … more

Date: March 30, 2002

Creator: Kim, Y.; Hill, R. N. & Taiwo, T. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Multiple tier fuel cycle studies for waste transmutation.

As part of the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Accelerator Applications Program, a systems study was conducted to evaluate the transmutation performance of advanced fuel cycle strategies. Three primary fuel cycle strategies were evaluated: dual-tier systems with plutonium separation, dual-tier systems without plutonium separation, and single-tier systems without plutonium separation. For each case, the system mass flow and TRU consumption were evaluated in detail. Furthermore, the loss of ma… more

Date: March 1, 2002

Creator: Hill, R.N.; Taiwo, T.A.; Stillman, J.A.; Graziano, D.J.; Bennett, D.R.; Trellue, H. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Physics with chemically and isotopically pure semiconductors

Chemically and isotopically pure semiconductors offer a wealth of interesting physics. We review a number of impurity complexes which were discovered in ultrapure Germanium. The have led the way to the widely pursued studies of hydrogen in numerous semiconductors. Isotope related effects and processes include neutron transmutation doping, a technique used for a number of silicon and germanium devices. Isotopically pure and deliberately mixed crystals of germanium have been grown recently and ha… more

Date: May 1, 1993

Creator: Haller, E. E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Target buffer assessment for accelerator driven transmuters.

Accelerator driven transmuters use a buffer region to protect the structural and the cladding materials of the transmuter from the radiation damage caused by the high-energy spallation neutrons, to accommodate the coolant channels of the self cooled targets, and to have an insignificant effect on the neutron utilization for the transmutation process. These functions are contradicting with respect to the buffer thickness. An extension of the target region in the axial direction (the proton beam … more

Date: October 8, 2002

Creator: Gohar, Y.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Introduction to spallation physics and spallation-target design

When coupled with the spallation process in appropriate target materials, high-power accelerators can be used to produce large numbers of neutrons, thus providing an alternate method to the use of nuclear reactors for this purpose. Spallation offers exciting new possibilities for generating intense neutron fluxes for a variety of applications, including: (a) spallation-neutron sources for materials science research; (b) accelerator-based production of tritium; (c) accelerator-based transmutatio… more

Date: March 1, 1995

Creator: Russell, G. J.; Pitcher, E. J. & Daemen, L. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Discriminators for the Accelerator-Based Conversion (ABC) concept using a subcritical molten salt system

Discriminators are described that quantify enhancements added to plutonium destruction and/or nuclear waste transmutation systems through use of an accelerator/fluid fuel combination. This combination produces a robust and flexible nuclear system capable of the destruction of all major long-lived actinides (including plutonium) and fission products. The discriminators discussed in this report are (1) impact of subcritical operation on safety, (2) impact of subcritical and fluid fuel operation o… more

Date: May 1995

Creator: Arthur, E.; Busksa, J.; Davidson, W. & Poston, D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Requirements for GNEP Transmutation Fuels

The purpose of this document is to provide a baseline set of requirements to guide fuel fabrication development and irradiation testing performed as part of the AFCRD Transmutation Fuel Development Program. This document can be considered a supplement to the GNEP TRU Fuel Development and Qualification Plan, and will be revised as necessary to maintain a documented set of fuel testing objectives and requirements consistent with programmatic decisions and advances in technical knowledge.

Date: March 1, 2007

Creator: Crawford, D. C.; Meyer, M. K. & Hayes, S. L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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MOX Fabrication Isolation Considerations

This document provides a technical position on the preferred level of isolation to fabricate demonstration quantities of mixed oxide transmutation fuels. The Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative should design and construct automated glovebox fabrication lines for this purpose. This level of isolation adequately protects the health and safety of workers and the general public for all mixed oxide (and other transmutation fuel) manufacturing efforts while retaining flexibility, allowing parallel develop… more

Date: August 1, 2005

Creator: Shaber, Eric L. & Schrader, Bradley J

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Neutronics verification of GA accelerator transmutation of waste concept.

No Description Available.

Date: January 10, 2002

Creator: Gohar, Y.; Taiwo, T.A. & Finck, P.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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A versatile, high-power proton linac for accelerator driven transmutation technologies

We are applying the new coupled-cavity drift-tube linac (CCDTL) to a conceptual design of a high-current, CW accelerator for transmutation applications. A 350-MHz RFQ followed by 700--MHz structures accelerates a 100-mA proton beam to I GeV. Several advantages stem from four key features: (1) a uniform focusing lattice from the start of the CCDTL at about 7 MeV to the end of the linac, (2) external location and separate mechanical support of the electromagnetic quadrupole magnets, (3) very flex… more

Date: May 1, 1995

Creator: Billen, J. H.; Nath, S.; Stovall, J. E.; Takeda, H.; Wood, R. L. & Young, L. M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department