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in subjects: "Chemical warfare"

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Measures to implement the Chemical Weapons Convention

This seminar is another excellent opportunity for those involved in preventing chemical weapons production and use to learn from each other about how the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) can become a foundation of arms control in Africa and around the world. The author is grateful to the staff of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) for inviting him to address this distinguished seminar. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone, and do not rep… more

Date: November 5, 1999

Creator: Tanzman, E. & Kellman, B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Compilation of existing chemical agent guidelines table as of September 1997

Public Law 99-145 requires the US Department of the Army to dispose of the lethal chemical agents and munitions stockpile stored at eight Army installations throughout the continental US and Johnston Atoll in the Pacific. Recognition by the US Army that a potential threat to the public from continued storage was greater than the threat from transportation and demilitarization of chemical agents gave rise to the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP). CSEPP is a community emer… more

Date: August 1, 1998

Creator: Foust, C.B.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Methods for the rapid detection of biological and chemical weapons

This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This work undertook the development of technology for the detection of chemical and biological agents. The project consisted of three tasks: (1) modifying a transportable mass spectrometer for the detection of chemical gents; (2) demonstrating the detection of a specific bacterial DNA sequence using a fluorescence-based single- copy gene detector; and (3)… more

Date: August 1, 1997

Creator: Castro, A.; Hemberger, P.H. & Swanson, B.I.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Distributed Sensor Particles for Remote Fluorescence Detection of Trace Analytes: UXO/CW

This report summarizes the development of sensor particles for remote detection of trace chemical analytes over broad areas, e.g residual trinitrotoluene from buried landmines or other unexploded ordnance (UXO). We also describe the potential of the sensor particle approach for the detection of chemical warfare (CW) agents. The primary goal of this work has been the development of sensor particles that incorporate sample preconcentration, analyte molecular recognition, chemical signal amplifica… more

Date: November 1, 2001

Creator: SINGH, ANUP K.; GUPTA, ALOK; MULCHANDANI, ASHOK; CHEN, WILFRED; BHATIA, RIMPLE B.; SCHOENIGER, JOSEPH S. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

RCRA delisting of agent-decontaminated waste and remediation waste at Dugway Proving Ground: A program update

In July 1988, the state of Utah issued regulations that declared residues resulting from the demilitarization, treatment, and testing of military chemical agents to be hazardous wastes. These residues were designated as corrosive, reactive, toxic, and acute hazardous (Hazardous Waste No. F999). These residues are not listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), which is the primary law governing management o… more

Date: March 1, 1996

Creator: Kimmell, T. A.; Anderson, A. W. & O`Neill, H. J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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An environmental sampling model for combining judgment and randomly placed samples

In the event of the release of a lethal agent (such as anthrax) inside a building, law enforcement and public health responders take samples to identify and characterize the contamination. Sample locations may be rapidly chosen based on available incident details and professional judgment. To achieve greater confidence of whether or not a room or zone was contaminated, or to certify that detectable contamination is not present after decontamination, we consider a Bayesian model for combining th… more

Date: August 23, 2007

Creator: Sego, Landon H.; Anderson, Kevin K.; Matzke, Brett D.; Sieber, Karl; Shulman, Stanley; Bennett, James et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

National measures under the chemical weapons convention to protect confidential business information and compensate for its loss

This report contains a discussion presented at the Regional Seminar on the National Authority and the Chemical Weapons Convention. Measures to protect confidential business information and compensation for information which has not been sufficiently protected is discussed.

Date: July 1, 1995

Creator: Tanzman, E.A. & Kellman, B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Facility agreements under the chemical weapons convention inspections

The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) poses problems of constitutionality, of loss of confidential business information, and even of plant safety. An entirely new and complex worldwide regulatory regime, it nevertheless takes account of the need for certainty in the conduct of industrial production. In particular, the CWC provides for site-specific inspection protocols, called {open_quotes}facility agreements{close_quotes}. Facility agreements are not defined in the CWC, but are to be developed… more

Date: October 21, 1994

Creator: Tanzman, E. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Development of land disposal restrictions for military chemical agent-associated waste

In July 1988, the State of Utah, Department of Solid and Hazardous Waste (DSHW) listed certain military chemical agents as hazardous waste, as well as residues resulting from the demilitarization, treatment, and testing of these chemicals. These materials are listed as hazardous waste in Utah, but are not listed as hazardous wastes under the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the primary law governing management of hazardous waste in the United States. Pursuant to the 1984 H… more

Date: April 1, 1997

Creator: Kimmell, T. A.; Anderson, A. W. & Rosenblatt, D. H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Direct chemical oxidation: applications to demilitarization and decontamination

The applicability of using aqueous solutions of sodium peroxydisulfate in the destruction of mustard gas surrogates has been demonstrated. This technique, known as Direct Chemical Oxidation (DCO), resulted in oxidative destruction of these surrogates, and a refinement was added to prevent the formation of slow-to-oxidize intermediates. Specifically, it was shown that `one-armed mustard` gas could be hydrolyzed to thiodiethanol and free chloride ion, and this species could then be partially oxid… more

Date: April 1, 1998

Creator: Cooper, J.F.; Balazs, B. & Lewis, P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Primary tasks to implement the Chemical Weapons Convention

The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an unprecedented multilateral effort to eradicate an entire category of weapons of mass destruction and assure their continued absence through international verification. In 1993, concerns arose that the complexity of integrating the treaty with national law could cause some nations to implement the Convention without regard to what others nations were doing, thereby causing inconsistencies among States Parties in how the Conventional would be carried ou… more

Date: December 31, 1997

Creator: Kellman, B. & Tanzman, E.A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Overview of the Chemical Weapons Convention

My subject this morning is a very brief overview of the Chemical Weapons Convention. Much has already been written describing and summarizing the Convention, including several of the Supplementary Papers and the Annex contained within the draft Manual. It is not my goal to restate what many of you already know. Rather, in the short time available, I want to focus on the parts of the Convention that are addressed in the draft Manual, that is, I want to highlight for you those aspects of the CWC … more

Date: December 2, 1993

Creator: Tanzman, E. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Modeling Dispersion of Chemical-Biological Agents in Three Dimensional Living Space

This report documents a series of calculations designed to demonstrate Sandia's capability in modeling the dispersal of chemical and biological agents in complex three-dimensional spaces. The transport of particles representing biological agents is modeled in a single room and in several connected rooms. The influence of particle size, particle weight and injection method are studied.

Date: February 1, 2002

Creator: Winters, William S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Mobile munitions assessment system design, testing, operational experience

The remnants of America`s chemical weapons program exist at more than 200 sites in the United States. The U.S. Army`s Project Manager for Non-stockpile Chemical Material (PMNSCM) has the responsibility for the remediation of non-stockpile chemical warfare material (CWM). PMNSCM must respond to a variety of situations involving discovered, recovered or buried material. This response requires unique hardware capabilities to characterize, assess, and provide information to develop plans for dispos… more

Date: August 1, 1997

Creator: Watts, K.D.; Snyder, A.M. & Rowe, L.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

A guide to the selection of personal protective equipment for use in responding to a release of chemical warfare agents

Recognition by the US Army that a potential threat to the public from continued storage was potentially as great a threat as from transportation and the final demilitarization of chemical agents gave rise to the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP). CSEPP is a civilian community emergency preparedness program complementing the Department of Defense`s initiative to destroy domestic stockpiles of aged chemical warface munitions. An incident involving chemical warfare agents r… more

Date: October 1, 1997

Creator: Foust, C.B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Characterization of environmental samples using ion trap-secondary ion mass spectrometry

The detection of chemical warfare agent residues on environmental surfaces is an important analytical activity because of the potential for proliferation of these weapons, and for environmental monitoring in areas where they are stored. Historically, one of the most widely used agents has been bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, also known as mustard gas and HD. It was initially used in combat in 1917; by the end of the First World War, more than 16% of all casualties were due to chemicals, in most cas… more

Date: February 1, 1998

Creator: Groenewold, G. S.; Appelhans, A. D. & Ingram, J. C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

An overview of radiography in chemical energy warhead research

The high-speed objects and the considerable light, dust, and smoke characteristic of chemical energy warhead test firing necessitate the use of flash radiography as a major diagnostic tool. This paper reviews many of the applications of radiography to chemical warhead studies conducted by many researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Each type of contribution is illustrated by a figure, and the contributors are listed by figure number at the end. The emphasis of the paper is on the relati… more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Hull, L.M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Managed Access by Controlled Sensing (MACS)

During chemical weapons challenge inspections, the CWC treaty allows ``alternate means`` of access to be proposed by the nation challenged. BNL`s Safeguards, Safety and Nonproliferation Division is funded by the Defense Nuclear Agency to develop a system to provide the challenge inspection team with a ``virtual presence`` within the facility while denying personal access. A general purpose configuration of a mobile station manned by site personnel and a base station manned by the challenge insp… more

Date: August 1, 1994

Creator: Curtiss, J. A. & Indusi, J. P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Solid Phase Microextraction and Miniature Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

A miniature mass spectrometer, based on the time-of-flight principle, has been developed for the detection of chemical warfare agent precursor molecules. The instrument, with minor modifications, could fulfill many of the needs for sensing organic molecules in various Defense Programs, including Enhanced Surveillance. The basic footprint of the instrument is about that of a lunch box. The instrument has a mass range to about 300, has parts-per-trillion detection limits, and can return spectra i… more

Date: January 26, 1999

Creator: Hiller, j.m.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Legal aspects of national implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention transfer provisions

The author discusses legal aspects of implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention`s (CWC`s) export and import provisions. These implementing measures are universal, applying not only to the few States Parties that will declare and destroy chemical weapons, but also to the many States Parties that have never had a chemical weapons program. This new need for national measures to implement multilateral arms control agreements has generated unease due to a perception that implementation may be bur… more

Date: May 1, 1995

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS) data management guide, version 1.4.5

The Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS) information resources are described in this FEMIS Data Management Guide. To comprehend what types of data are present, where the data is located, and how it is managed during the life span of the system, a basic understanding of the FEMIS architecture is necessary. The system is being developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and is designed for a single Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) site tha… more

Date: June 26, 1998

Creator: Burnett, R.A.; Downing, T.R. & Gaustad, K.L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Emergency destruction system for recovered chemical munitions

At the request of the US Army Project Manager for Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel, Sandia National Laboratories is developing a transportable system for destroying recovered, explosively configured, chemical warfare munitions. The system uses shaped charges to access the agent and burster followed by chemical neutralization to destroy them. The entire process takes place inside a sealed pressure vessel. In this paper, they review the design, operation, and testing of a prototype system capable … more

Date: April 1, 1998

Creator: Shepodd, T.J.; Stofleth, J.H. & Haroldsen, B.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

An Analysis of Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program Exercise Results. Volume 2: Preliminary Evaluation and Analysis of CSEPP Exercise Database

This study investigated the quality and usefulness of the information in the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) exercise database. It incorporates the results of two separate analytical efforts. The first effort investigated the process of assigning standardized codes to issues identified in CSEPP exercise reports. A small group of issues was coded independently by each of several individuals, and the results of the individual codings were compared. Considerable differenc… more

Date: June 1, 1998

Creator: Wernette, D. & Lerner, K.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Contamination source review for Building E6891, Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland

The US Army Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) commissioned Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to conduct a contamination source review to identify and define areas of toxic or hazardous contaminants and to assess the physical condition and accessibility of various APG buildings. This report provides the results of the contamination source review for Building E6891. The information obtained from this review may be used to assist the US Army in planning for the future use or disposition of the buildin… more

Date: September 1, 1995

Creator: Zellmer, S.D.; Draugelis, A.K.; Rueda, J. & Zimmerman, R.E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department