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Multiwell experiment

Description: The Multiwell Experiment is a research-oriented field laboratory. Its overall objectives are to characterize lenticular, low-permeability gas reservoirs and to develop technology for their production. This field laboratory has been established at a site in the east-central Piceance basin, Colorado. Here the Mesaverde formation lies at a depth of 4000 to 8250 ft. This interval contains different, distinct reservoir types depending upon their depositional environments. These different zones serve… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Sattler, A. R.; Warpinski, N. R.; Lorenz, J. C.; Hart, C. M. & Branagan, P. T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Observations of broad-band micro-seisms during reservoir stimulation

Description: During hydrocarbon reservoir stimulation such as hydraulic fracturing, the cracking and slippage of the formation results in the emission of seismic energy. The objective of this study was to determine the properties of these induced micro-seisms. A hydraulic fracture experiment was performed in the Piceance Basin of Western Colorado to induce and record micro-seismic events. The formation was subjected to four processes; breakdown/ballout, step-rate test, KCL mini-fracture, and linear-gel mini… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Sleefe, G. E.; Warpinski, N. R. & Engler, B. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Introduction to the GRI/DOE Field Fracturing Multi-Site Project

Description: The objective of the Field Fracturing Multi-Sites Project is to conduct field experiments and analyze data that will result in definitive determinations of hydraulic fracture dimensions using remote well and treatment well diagnostic techniques. In addition, experiments will be conducted to provide data that will resolve significant unknowns with regard to hydraulic fracture modeling, fracture fluid rheology and fracture treatment design. These experiments will be supported by a well-characteri… more
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Peterson, R. E.; Middlebrook, M. L.; Warpinski, N. R.; Cleary, M. P. & Branagan, P. T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Natural fracture systems studies

Description: The objectives of this program are (1) to develop a basinal-analysis methodology for natural fracture exploration and exploitation, and (2) to determine the important characteristics of natural fracture systems for use in completion, stimulation, and production operations. Natural-fracture basinal analysis begins with studies of fractures in outcrop, core and logs in order to determine the type of fracturing and the relationship of the fractures to the lithologic environment. Of particular inte… more
Date: September 1, 1992
Creator: Lorenz, J. C. & Warpinski, N. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Laboratory investigation on the effect of in situ stresses on hydraulic fracture containment

Description: Laboratory experiments have been conducted to determine the effect of in situ stress variations on hydraulic fracture containment. Fractures were initiated in layered rock samples with prescribed stress variations, and fracture growth characteristics were determined as a function of stress levels. Stress contrasts of 2-3 MPa were found to be sufficient to restrict fracture growth in laboratory samples of Nevada tuff and Tennessee and Nugget sandstones. The required stress level was found not to… more
Date: January 1, 1981
Creator: Warpinski, N.R.; Clark, J.A.; Schmidt, R.A. & Huddle, C.W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Multiwell experiment: Overview

Description: This field laboratory has been established about 7 mi southwest of Rifle, Colorado. Here the Mesaverde formation lies at a depth of 4000 to 8250 ft. This interval contains different, distinct reservoir types depending upon their depositional environments. These different zones serve as the focus of the various testing and stimulation programs. One key to the Multiwell Experiment is three closely spaced wells. Their 110 to 215 ft separation at depth is less than the nominal dimensions of the len… more
Date: January 1, 1987
Creator: Lorenz, J. C.; Sattler, A. R.; Warpinski, N. R.; Thorne, B. J. & Branagan, P. T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The use of broadband microseisms for hydraulic fracture mapping

Description: When a hydrocarbon reservoir is subjected to a hydraulic fracture treatment, the cracking and slipping of the formation results in the emission of seismic energy. The objective of this study was to determine the advantages of using broadband (100 Hz to 1500 M) microseismic emissions to map a hydraulic fracture treatment. A hydraulic fracture experiment was performed in the Piceance Basin of Western Colorado to induce and record broadband microseismic events. The formation was subjected to four … more
Date: August 1, 1993
Creator: Sleefe, G. E.; Warpinski, N. R. & Engler, B. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Microseismic monitoring of the B-sand hydraulic fracture experiment at the DOE/GRI multi-site project

Description: Six hydraulic-fracture injections into a fluvial sandstone at a depth of 4500 ft were monitored with multi-level triaxial seismic receivers in two wells, resulting in maps of the growth and final geometry of each fracture based upon microseismic activity. These diagnostic images show that the hydraulic fractures are highly contained for smaller-volume KCl-water injections, but height growth is significant for the larger-volume, higher-rate, higher-viscosity treatments. Fracture lengths for most… more
Date: November 1996
Creator: Warpinski, N. R.; Wright, T. B.; Peterson, R. E. & Branagan, P. T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Evaluation of a downhole tiltmeter array for monitoring hydraulic fractures

Description: A series of hydraulic-fracture experiments using a downhole tiltmeter array, called an inclinometer array, was conducted at the Department of Energy (DOE)/Gas Research Institute (GRI) Multi-Site facility in Colorado. The inclinometer array was used to measure the deformation of the reservoir rock in response to hydraulic fracture opening and confirm microseismically measured results. In addition, the inclinometer array was found to be a useful tool for accurately measuring closure stress, measu… more
Date: March 1, 1997
Creator: Warpinski, N. R.; Engler, B. P.; Branagan, P. T.; Wilmer, R. & Wolhart, S. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Microseismic Monitoring of the Mounds Drill Cuttings Injection Tests

Description: This paper describes the microseismic mapping of repeated injections of drill cuttings into two separate formations at a test site near Mounds, OK. Injections were performed in sandstone and shale formations at depths of 830 and 595 m, respectively. Typical injection disposal was simulated using multiple small-volume injections over a three-day period, with long shut-in periods interspersed between the injections. Microseismic monitoring was achieved using a 5-level array of wireline-run, triax… more
Date: January 25, 1999
Creator: Branagan, P. T.; Mahrer, K. D.; Moschovidis, Z. A.; Warpinski, N. R. & Wolhart, S. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Review of hydraulic fracture mapping using advanced accelerometer-based receiver systems

Description: Hydraulic fracturing is an important tool for natural gas and oil exploitation, but its optimization has been impeded by an inability to observe how the fracture propagates and what its overall dimensions are. The few experiments in which fractures have been exposed through coring or mineback have shown that hydraulic fractures are complicated multi-stranded structures that may behave much differently than currently predicted by models. It is clear that model validation, fracture optimization, … more
Date: March 1, 1997
Creator: Warpinski, N. R.; Uhl, J. E. & Engler, B. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Analytic crack solutions for tilt fields around hydraulic fractures

Description: The recent development of downhole tiltmeter arrays for monitoring hydraulic fractures has provided new information on fracture growth and geometry. These downhole arrays offer the significant advantages of being close to the fracture (large signal) and being unaffected by the free surface. As with surface tiltmeter data, analysis of these measurements requires the inversion of a crack or dislocation model. To supplement the dislocation models of Davis [1983], Okada [1992] and others, this work… more
Date: January 5, 2000
Creator: Warpinski, N.R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Microseismic and deformation imaging of hydraulic fracture growth and geometry in the C sand interval, GRI/DOE M-Site project

Description: Six hydraulic-fracture injections into a fluvial sandstone at a depth of 4300 ft were monitored with multi-level tri-axial seismic receivers in two wells and an inclinometer array in one well, resulting in maps of the growth and final geometry of each fracture injection. These diagnostic images show the progression of height and length growth with fluid volume, rate and viscosity. Complexities associated with shut downs and high treatment pressures can be observed. Validation of the seismic geo… more
Date: August 1, 1997
Creator: Warpinski, N. R.; Uhl, J. E. & Engler, B. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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