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Understanding the corrosion behavior of chromia-forming 316L stainless steel in dual oxidizing-reducing environment representative of SOFC interconnect

Description: A and B site doped LaCrO3-based electronically conducting Perovskite ceramic materials have been extensively used as interconnects in solid oxide fule cells (SOFC) operating at 800° to 1000°C as the Perovskites offer good electrical conductivity, chemical compatibility with the adjacent components of the fuel cell, chemical stability in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres, and thermal expansion coefficients that match other cell components. However, requirements for good mechanical properties, e… more
Date: November 1, 2003
Creator: Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret; Cramer, Stephen D.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Matthes, Steven A.; Bullard, Sophie J. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Oxidation of alloys for advanced steam turbines

Description: Ultra supercritical (USC) power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions. Current goals of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Power Systems Initiatives include coal generation at 60% efficiency, which would require steam temperatures of up to 760°C. This research examines the steamside oxidation of advanced alloys for use in USC systems, with emphasis placed on alloys for high- and intermediate-pressure turbine sections.
Date: January 1, 2005
Creator: Holcomb, Gordon R.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Ziomek-Moroz, M. & Alman, David E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Soil corrosion monitoring near a pipeline under CP

Description: Electrochemical noise (EN), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and harmonic distortion analysis (HDA) were used with three-electrode probes to monitor the corrosion occurring in soil in dry and wet conditions near a gas pipeline under cathodic protection. The test site was a cathodic protection (CP) test station where impressed current CP was applied to a 2 in. (5.1 cm) diameter FBE coated steel pipe using an 84 in. (0.2 m) TA-2 high-silicon cast iron anode. Electrochemical measurements were… more
Date: January 1, 2005
Creator: Bullard, Sophie J.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret; Locke, M. L. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Intermittent Cathodic Protection for Steel Reinforced Concrete Bridges

Description: Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes are used for impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems on Oregon's reinforced concrete coastal bridges to prevent chloride-induced corrosion damage. Thermal-sprayed zinc performs well as an ICCP anode but the service life of the zinc anode is directly related to the average current density used to operate the systems. After a ICCP system is turned off, the rebar in the concrete remains passive and protected for a period of time. Intermittent operation of C… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Bullard, Sophie J.; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret; Cramer, Stephen D.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Russell, James H. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Oxidation of alloys for advanced steam turbines

Description: Ultra supercritical (USC) power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions. Current goals of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Power Systems Initiatives include coal generation at 60% efficiency, which would require steam temperatures of up to 760°C. This research examines the steamside oxidation of advanced alloys for use in USC systems, with emphasis placed on alloys for high- and intermediate-pressure turbine sections.
Date: January 1, 2005
Creator: Holcomb, Gordon R.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Cramer, Stephen D. & Ziomek-Moroz, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Electrochemical corrosion rate probes for high temperature energy applications

Description: Electrochemical corrosion rate (ECR) probes were constructed and exposed along with mass loss coupons in a N2/O2/CO2/H2O environment to determine ECR probe operating characteristics. Temperatures ranged from 450 to 800 C and both ECR probes and mass loss coupons were coated with ash. Results are presented in terms of the probe response to temperature, the measured zero baseline, and the quantitative nature of the probes. The effect of Stern-Geary constant and the choice of electrochemical techn… more
Date: January 1, 2004
Creator: Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Ziomek-Moroz, M.; Cayard, M. S. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Corrosion probes for fireside monitoring in coal-fired boilers

Description: Corrosion probes are being developed and combined with an existing measurement technology to provide a tool for assessing the extent of corrosion of metallic materials on the fireside in coal-fired boilers. The successful development of this technology will provide power plant operators the ability to (1) accurately monitor metal loss in critical regions of the boiler, such as waterwalls, superheaters, and reheaters; and (2) use corrosion rates as process variables. In the former, corrosion dat… more
Date: January 1, 2005
Creator: Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Ziomek-Moroz, M. & Holcomb, Gordon R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ultra supercritical steamside oxidation

Description: Ultra supercritical (USC) power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions, which are part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Vision 21 goals. Most current coal power plants in the U.S. operate at a maximum steam temperature of 538 C. However, new supercritical plants worldwide are being brought into service with steam temperatures of up to 620 C. Vision 21 goals include steam temperatures of up to 760 C. This research examines the steamside oxidation of advanced alloys… more
Date: January 1, 2004
Creator: Holcomb, Gordon R.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Ziomek-Moroz, M.; Alman, David A. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Understanding the operation and use of high temperature electrochemical corrosion rate probes

Description: Electrochemical corrosion rate probes were constructed and tested along with mass loss coupons in a N2/O2/CO2 plus water vapor environment. Temperatures ranged from 450 to 600 C. Corrosion rates for ash-covered mild steel, 304L SS, and 316L SS probes using electrochemical techniques were a function of time, temperature, and process environment. Correlation between electrochemical and mass loss corrosion rates was good.
Date: January 1, 2004
Creator: Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Ziomek-Moroz, M.; Cayard, Michael S. (InterCorr International Inc.) et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Scale formation on Ni-based alloys in simulated solid oxide fuel cell interconnect environments

Description: Recent publications suggest that the environment on the fuel side of the bi-polar stainless steel SOFC interconnects changes the oxidation behavior and morphology of the scale formed on the air side. The U.S. Department of Energy Albany Research Center (ARC), has examined the role of such exposure conditions on advanced nickel base alloys. Alloy formulations developed at ARC and commercial alloys were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The electrical property of oxide… more
Date: November 1, 2004
Creator: Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret; Cramer, Stephen D.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Singh, P. (PNNL) et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Oxidation Resistance of Low Carbon Stainless Steel for Applications in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Description: Alloys protected from corrosion by Cr2O3 (chromia) are recognized as potential replacements for LaCrO3–based ceramic materials currently used as bipolar separators (interconnects) in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Stainless steels gain their corrosion resistance from the formation of chromia, when exposed to oxygen at elevated temperatures. Materials for interconnect applications must form uniform conductive oxide scales at 600–800o C while simultaneously exposed to air on the cathode side and … more
Date: October 1, 2003
Creator: Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Matthes, Steven A. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ultra supercritical turbines--steam oxidation

Description: Ultra supercritical (USC) power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions, which are goals of the U.S. Department of Energy?s Advanced Power Systems Initiatives. Most current coal power plants in the U.S. operate at a maximum steam temperature of 538?C. However, new supercritical plants worldwide are being brought into service with steam temperatures of up to 620?C. Current Advanced Power Systems goals include coal generation at 60% efficiency, which would require stea… more
Date: January 1, 2004
Creator: Holcomb, Gordon R.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret & Alman, David E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

High temperature corrosion research at the Albany Research Center

Description: The Severe Environment Corrosion and Erosion Research Facility (SECERF) at the Albany Research Center is operational. SECERF consists of 6 modules that share the availability of up to 10 different gases to produce environments for high temperature corrosion and erosion research. Projects to be conducted in the modules include: corrosion sensors for fossil energy systems, thermal gradient effects on high temperature corrosion, the development of sulfidation resistant alloys, determination of the… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Russell, James H.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Corrosion behavior of stainless steel in solid oxide fuel cell simulated gaseous environment

Description: Significant progress in reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) from {approx}1000 C to {approx} 750 C may permit the replacement of currently used ceramic interconnects by metallic interconnects in planar SOFCs (PSOFC). The use of metallic interconnects will result in a substantial cost reduction of PSOFCs. The interconnects operate in severe gaseous environments, in which one side of the interconnect can be exposed to hydrogen and the other side to air or oxygen at … more
Date: January 2003
Creator: Ziomek-Moroz, M.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Matthes, Steven A.; Bullard, Sophie J. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ultra Supercritical Steamside Oxidation

Description: Ultra supercritical (USC) power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions, which are goals of the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Power Systems Initiatives. Most current coal power plants in the U.S. operate at a maximum steam temperature of 538 C. However, new supercritical plants worldwide are being brought into service with steam temperatures of up to 620 C. Current Advanced Power Systems goals include coal generation at 60% efficiency, which require steam temp… more
Date: January 1, 2005
Creator: Holcomb, Gordon R.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J. & Ziomek-Moroz, Malgorzata
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Corrosion prevention of Oregon's reinforced coastal bridges

Description: The Oregon Department of Transportation (Oregon DOT) maintains more than 120 coastal bridges; many are reinforced concrete structures over 15 m (50 ft) in length. Twelve of these bridges are historic structures. Oregon DOT is concerned about the ongoing deterioration of these bridges, rising maintenance and repair costs, and the need to protect Oregon’s large investment in coastal bridges. Over 80,000 m2 (850,000 ft2) of coastal bridge surface have been repaired and protected from further chlor… more
Date: June 1, 2004
Creator: Bullard, Sophie J.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret; Cryer. C.B (Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Salem, OR) et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Study of scale formation on AISI 316L in simulated solid oxide fuel cell bi-polar environments

Description: Significant progress made towards reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) from {approx}1000 C to {approx}600 C is expected to permit the use of metallic materials with substantial cost reduction. One of the components in a SOFC stack to be made of metallic materials is a bipolar separator, also called an interconnect. It provides electrical connection between individual cells and serves as a gas separator to prevent mixing of the fuel and air. At operating temperatur… more
Date: January 1, 2004
Creator: Ziomek-Moroz, M.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Singh, P. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

High temperature electrochemical corrosion rate probes

Description: Corrosion occurs in the high temperature sections of energy production plants due to a number of factors: ash deposition, coal composition, thermal gradients, and low NOx conditions, among others. Electrochemical corrosion rate (ECR) probes have been shown to operate in high temperature gaseous environments that are similar to those found in fossil fuel combustors. ECR probes are rarely used in energy production plants at the present time, but if they were more fully understood, corrosion could… more
Date: September 1, 2005
Creator: Bullard, Sophie J.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Holcomb, Gordon R. & Ziomek-Moroz, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Monitoring power plant fireside corrosion using corrosion probes

Description: The ability to monitor the corrosion degradation of key components in fossil fuel power plants is of utmost importance for Futuregen and ultra-supercritical power plants. Fireside corrosion occurs in the high temperature sections of energy production facilities due to a number of factors: ash deposition, coal composition, thermal gradients, and low NOx conditions, among others. Problems occur when equipment designed for either oxidizing or reducing conditions is exposed to alternating oxidizing… more
Date: January 1, 2005
Creator: Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Holcomb, Gordon R. & Ziomek-Moroz, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Corrosion in a temperature gradient

Description: High temperature corrosion limits the operation of equipment used in the Power Generation Industry. Some of the more destructive corrosive attack occurs on the surfaces of heat exchangers, boilers, and turbines where the alloys are subjected to large temperature gradients that cause a high heat flux through the accumulated ash, the corrosion product, and the alloy. Most current and past corrosion research has, however, been conducted under isothermal conditions. Research on the thermal-gradient… more
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret & White, M.L. (Convanta)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes for cathodic protection of steel-reinforced concrete bridges

Description: Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes are being used in Oregon in impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems for reinforced concrete bridges. The U.S. Department of Energy, Albany Research Center, is collaborating with the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) to evaluate the long-term performance and service life of these anodes. Laboratory studies were conducted on concrete slabs coated with 0.5 mm (20 mil) thick, thermal-sprayed zinc anodes. The slabs were electrochemically aged at an a… more
Date: January 1, 1996
Creator: Bullard, Sophie J.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Cramer, Stephen D. & McGill, Galen E. (Oregon Dept. of Transportation)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Corrosion Behavior of Platinum-Enhanced Radiopaque Stainless Steel (PERSS®) for Dilation-Baloon Expandable Coronary Stents

Description: Dilation-balloon expandable coronary stents are commonly made of implant grade stainless steels conforming to ASTM F138/F139, e.g., Biodur? 316LS (UNS S31673). Typical of such stents is the Boston Scientific/Interventional Technologies? (BS/IVT) LP-StentTM. In 2000, BS/IVT determined that the addition of 5 to 6 wt % platinum to Biodur 316LS produced a stainless steel with enhanced radiopacity to make their stents more visible radiographically and thus more effective clinically. A goal of the pr… more
Date: May 1, 2002
Creator: Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Craig, Charles H.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret; Jablonski, Paul D. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Dual Environment Effects on the Oxidation of Metallic Interconnects

Description: Metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells are exposed to a dual environment: fuel on one side (i.e. H<sub>2</sub> gas) and oxidizer on the other side (i.e. air). It has been observed that the oxidation behavior of thin stainless steel sheet in air is changed by the presence of H<sub>2</sub> on the other side of the sheet. The resulting dual environment scales are flaky and more friable than the single environment scales. The H<sub>2</sub> disrupts the scale on the air-side. A model to ex… more
Date: October 20, 2004
Creator: Holcomb, Gordon R.; Ziomek-Moroz, Malgorzata; Cramer, Stephen D.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr. & and Bullard, Sophie J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cathodic Protection of the Yaquina Bay Bridge

Description: The Yaquina Bay Bridge in Newport, Oregon, was designed by Conde B. McCullough and built in 1936. The 3,223-foot (982 m) structure is a combination of concrete arch approach spans and a steel through arch over the shipping channel. Cathodic protection is used to prevent corrosion damage to the concrete arches. The Oregon Department of Transportation (Oregon DOT) installed a carbon anode coating (DAC-85) on two of the north approach spans in 1985. This anode was operated at a current density of … more
Date: February 1, 2001
Creator: Bullard, Sophie J.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Russell, James H.; Laylor, H. M. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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