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High-level nuclear waste borosilicate glass: A compendium of characteristics

Description: With the imminent startup, in the United States, of facilities for vitrification of high-level nuclear waste, a document has been prepared that compiles the scientific basis for understanding the alteration of the waste glass products under the range of service conditions to which they may be exposed during storage, transportation, and eventual geologic disposal. A summary of selected parts of the content of this document is provided. Waste glass alterations in a geologic repository may include… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Cunnane, J.C.; Bates, J.K.; Ebert, W.L.; Feng, X.; Mazer, J.J.; Wronkiewicz, D.J. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)) et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Modeling surface area to volume effects on borosilicate glass dissolution

Description: We simulated the reaction of SRL-131 glass with equilibrated J-13 water in order to investigate the effects of surface area to volume ratio (SA/V) on glass dissolution. We show that glass-fluid ion exchange causes solution pH to rise to progressively higher values as SA/V increases. Because the ion exchange is rapid relative to the duration of the glass dissolution experiment, the pH effect does not scale with (SA/V)*time. Experiments compared at the same (SA/V)*time value therefore have differ… more
Date: November 1, 1992
Creator: Bourcier, W. L.; Ebert, W. L. & Feng, X.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

High-Level Nuclear Waste Borosilicate Glass: A Compendium of Characteristics

Description: With the imminent startup, in the United States, of facilities for vitrification of high-level nuclear waste, a document has been prepared that compiles the scientific basis for understanding the alteration of the waste glass products under the range of service conditions to which they may be exposed during storage, transportation, and eventual geologic disposal. A summary of selected parts of the content of this document is provided. Waste glass alterations in a geologic repository may include… more
Date: 1992-12~
Creator: Cunnane, J. C.; Bates, J. K.; Ebert, W. L.; Feng, X.; Mazer, J. J.; Wronkiewicz, D. J. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Constraints on the affinity term for modeling long-term glass dissolution rates

Description: Predictions of long-term glass dissolution rates are highly dependent on the form of the affinity term in the rate expression. Analysis of the quantitative effect of saturation state on glass dissolution rate for CSG glass (a simple analog of SRL-165 glass), shows that a simple (1-Q/K) affinity term does not match experimental results. Our data at 100{degree}C show that the data is better fit by an affinity term having the form (1 {minus} (Q/K){sup 1}/{sigma}) where {sigma} = 10.
Date: November 1, 1993
Creator: Bourcier, W. L.; Carroll, S. A. & Phillips, B. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Integrated process for coalbed brine disposal

Description: A brine disposal process is described that converts the brine stream of a coalbed gas producing site into clean water for agricultural use, combustion products and water vapor that can be released into the atmosphere and dry solids that can be recycled for industrial consumption. The process uses a reverse osmosis unit, a submerged combustion evaporator and a pulse combustion dryer. Pretreatment of the brine feedstream is necessary to prevent fouling of the membranes of the reverse osmosis unit… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Brandt, H.; Bourcier, W. L. & Jackson, K. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Evidence of gating in hundred nanometer diameter pores: an experimental and theoretical study

Description: We report on the observation of an unexpected gating mechanism at the 100 nm scale on track-etched polycarbonate membranes. Transport measurements of methyl viologen performed by absorption spectroscopy under various pH conditions demonstrated that perfect gating was achieved for 100 nm diameter pores at pH 2, while the positively charged molecular ions moved through the membrane according to diffusion laws at pH 5. An oppositely charged molecular ion, naphthalene disulfonate, in the same membr… more
Date: January 11, 2006
Creator: Letant, S. E.; Schaldach, C. M.; Johnson, M. R.; Sawvel, A.; Bourcier, W. L. & Wilson, W. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Flue Gas Using Ion Pumping

Description: We are developing a new way of separating carbon dioxide from flue gas based on ionic pumping of carbonate ions dissolved in water. Instead of relying on large temperature or pressure changes to remove carbon dioxide from solvent used to absorb it from flue gas, the ion pump increases the concentration of dissolved carbonate ion in solution. This increases the overlying vapor pressure of carbon dioxide gas, which can be removed from the downstream side of the ion pump as a nearly pure gas. This… more
Date: April 21, 2006
Creator: Aines, R.; Bourcier, W. L. & Johnson, M. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mechanistic interpretation of glass reaction: Input to kinetic model development

Description: Actinide-doped SRL 165 type glass was reacted in J-13 groundwater at 90{degrees}C for times up to 278 days. The reaction was characterized by both solution and solid analyses. The glass was seen to react nonstoichiometrically with preferred leaching of alkali metals and boron. High resolution electron microscopy revealed the formation of a complex layer structure which became separated from the underlying glass as the reaction progressed. The formation of the layer and its effect on continued g… more
Date: May 1, 1991
Creator: Bates, J. K.; Ebert, W. L.; Bradley, J. P. & Bourcier, W. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Testing geochemical modeling codes using New Zealand hydrothermal systems

Description: Hydrothermal systems in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, North Island, New Zealand are being used as field-based modeling exercises for the EQ3/6 geochemical modeling code package. Comparisons of the observed state and evolution of selected portions of the hydrothermal systems with predictions of fluid-solid equilibria made using geochemical modeling codes will: (1) ensure that we are providing adequately for all significant processes occurring in natural systems; (2) determine the adequacy of the math… more
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Bruton, C. J.; Glassley, W. E. & Bourcier, W. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Polymeric Species of Pu in Low Ionic Strength Media

Description: The US Government has declared that approximately 50 tons of plutonium is surplus to US needs and should be set aside for eventual disposition. The US is currently following a dual path for the disposition of this plutonium: immobilization and irradiation of mixed-oxide fuel. Some fraction of this plutonium material that is undesirable for use in mixed-oxide fuel will be immobilized in a titanate ceramic and disposed of in a geologic repository for high level waste. The reminder of Pu will be f… more
Date: January 27, 2000
Creator: Romanovski, V. V.; Palmer, C. E.; Shaw, H. F.; Bourcier, W. L. & Jardine, L. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Intergrowth Structure in U- and Hf-Bearing Pyrochlore and Zirconolite: TEM Investigation

Description: Transmission electron microscopy results from a sintered ceramics with stoichiometry of Ca(U{sub 0.5}Ce{sub 0.25}Hf{sub 0.25})Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} show the material contains both pyrochlore and zirconolite phases and structural intergrowth of zirconolite lamellae within pyrochlore. (001) plane of zirconolite is parallel to (111) plane of pyrochlore because of their structural similarities. The pyrochlore is relatively rich in U, Ce, and Ca with respect to the coexisting zirconolite. Average compos… more
Date: December 4, 2002
Creator: Xu, H.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, P.; Bourcier, W. L.; Van Konynenburg, R. & Shaw, H. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Spreadsheet Based Scaling Calculations and Membrane Performance

Description: Many membrane element manufacturers provide a computer program to aid buyers in the use of their elements. However, to date there are few examples of fully integrated public domain software available for calculating reverse osmosis and nanofiltration system performance. The Total Flux and Scaling Program (TFSP), written for Excel 97 and above, provides designers and operators new tools to predict membrane system performance, including scaling and fouling parameters, for a wide variety of membra… more
Date: December 28, 2000
Creator: Wolfe, T D; Bourcier, W L & Speth, T F
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Silica Scale Management: Lowering Operating Costs through Improved Scale Control, and Adding Value by Extracting Marketable By-Products

Description: We are using laboratory and field experiments to design modeling tools and technology that will improve silica scale management practices in geothermal plants. Our work will help to lower operating costs through improved scale prediction and add new revenue streams from sale of mineral byproducts extracted from geothermal fluids. Improving the economics and effectiveness of scale control programs and/or extraction systems in geothermal operations requires a coupled kinetic-thermodynamic model o… more
Date: June 18, 2003
Creator: Burton, E. A.; Bourcier, W. L.; Wallce, A.; Bruton, C. J. & Leif, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fresh Water Generation from Aquifer-Pressured Carbon Storage

Description: Can we use the pressure associated with sequestration to make brine into fresh water? This project is establishing the potential for using brine pressurized by Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) operations in saline formations as the feedstock for desalination and water treatment technologies including reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). Possible products are: Drinking water, Cooling water, and Extra aquifer space for CO{sub 2} storage. The conclusions are: (1) Many saline formation wat… more
Date: February 19, 2010
Creator: Aines, R. D.; Wolery, T. J.; Bourcier, W. L.; Wolfe, T. & Haussmann, C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Field-based tests of geochemical modeling codes: New Zealand hydrothermal systems

Description: Hydrothermal systems in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, North Island, New Zealand are being used as field-based modeling exercises for the EQ3/6 geochemical modeling code package. Comparisons of the observed state and evolution of the hydrothermal systems with predictions of fluid-solid equilibria made using geochemical modeling codes will determine how the codes can be used to predict the chemical and mineralogical response of the environment to nuclear waste emplacement. Field-based exercises allow … more
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Bruton, C. J.; Glassley, W. E. & Bourcier, W. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Characterization of Pu colloidal and aqueous species in Yucca Mountain groundwater surrogate

Description: The speciation and formation of Pu intrinsic colloids from an initial solution of Pu(V) were studied at pH 1, pH 3, pH 6, pIH 8, and pH 11. The medium was a surrogate Yucca Mountain groundwater from well J-l 3 under air atmosphere. The solutions were monitored for several months. Samples were analyzed using liquid scintillation counting, ultra filtration, solvent extraction: photon correlation spectroscopy, and laser-induced photo-acoustic breakdown and emission spectroscopy. Redox potentials w… more
Date: August 11, 1999
Creator: Bourcier, W. L.; Brachmann, A.; Jardine, L. J.; Palmer, C. E.; Romanovski, V. V. & Shaw, H. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Simulation of Radionuclide Migration in Groundwater away from an Underground Nuclear Test

Description: Reactive transport simulations are being used to evaluate the nature and extent of radionuclide contamination within alluvium surrounding an underground nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Simulations are focused on determining the abundance and chemical nature of radionuclides that are introduced into groundwater, as well as the rate and extent of radionuclide migration and reaction in groundwater surrounding the working point of the test. Transport simulations based upon a streamline-… more
Date: December 13, 1999
Creator: Bruton, C. J.; Bourcier, W. L.; Shumaker, D. E.; Kersting, A. B.; Smith, D. K.; Carle, S. F. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Affinity functions for modeling glass dissolution rates

Description: Glass dissolution rates decrease dramatically as glasses approach "saturation" with respect to the leachate solution. This effect may lower the dissolution rate to 1/100 to 1/1000 of the unsaturated rate. Although rate controls on glass dissolution are best understood for conditions far from saturation, most repository sites are chosen where water fluxes are minimal, and therefore the waste glass is most likely to dissolve under conditions close to saturation. Our understanding of controls on d… more
Date: July 8, 1998
Creator: Bourcier, W L
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mechanistic interpretation of glass reaction: Input to kinetic model development

Description: Actinide-doped SRL 165 type glass was reacted in J-13 groundwater at 90{degree}C for times up to 278 days. The reaction was characterized by both solution and solid analyses. The glass was seen to react nonstoichiometrically with preferred leaching of alkali metals and boron. High resolution electron microscopy revealed the formation of a complex layer structure which became separated from the underlying glass as the reaction progressed. The formation of the layer and its effect on continued gl… more
Date: May 1, 1991
Creator: Bates, J. K.; Ebert, W. L.; Bradley, J. P. & Bourcier, W. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The EQ3/6 software package for geochemical modeling: Current status

Description: EQ3/6 is a software package for modeling chemical and mineralogic interactions in aqueous geochemical systems. The major components of the package are EQ3NR (a speciation-solubility code), EQ6 (a reaction path code), EQLIB (a supporting library), and a supporting thermodynamic data base. EQ3NR calculates aqueous speciation and saturation indices from analytical data. It can also be used to calculate compositions of buffer solutions for use in laboratory experiments. EQ6 computes reaction path m… more
Date: July 1, 1988
Creator: Wolery, T. J.; Jackson, K. J.; Bourcier, W. L.; Bruton, C. J.; Viani, B. E.; Knauss, K. G. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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