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in subjects: "Upwelling"

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Modeling of geochemical interactions between acidic and neutral fluids in the Onikobe Geothermal Reservoir

Two types of fluids are encountered in the Onikobe geothermal reservoir, one is neutral and the other is acidic (pH=3). It is hypothesized that acidic fluid might be upwelling along a fault zone and that an impermeable barrier might be present between the acidic and neutral fluid zones. We carried out reactive geothermal transport simulations using TOUGHREACT (Xu and Pruess, 1998 and 2001) to test such a conceptual model. One-dimensional models were used to study the geochemical behavior due to… more

Date: January 10, 2003

Creator: Todaka, Norifumi; Akasaka, Chitoshi; Xu, Tianfu & Pruess, Karsten

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Influence of faults on groundwater flow and transport at YuccaMountain, Nevada

Numerical simulations of groundwater flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada are used to investigate how faults influence groundwater flow pathways and regional-scale macrodispersion. The 3-D model has a unique grid block discretization that facilitates the accurate representation of the complex geologic structure present in faulted formations. Each hydrogeologic layer is discretized into a single layer of irregular and dipping grid blocks, and faults are discretized such that they are laterally continu… more

Date: October 7, 1999

Creator: Cohen, Andrew J.B. & Sitar, Nicholas

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

A Year of Radiation Measurements at the North Slope of Alaska Second Quarter 2009 ARM and Climate Change Prediction Program Metric Report

In 2009, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and the Climate Change Prediction Program (CCPP) have been asked to produce joint science metrics. For CCPP, the second quarter metrics are reported in Evaluation of Simulated Precipitation in CCSM3: Annual Cycle Performance Metrics at Watershed Scales. For ARM, the metrics will produce and make available new continuous time series of radiative fluxes based on one year of observations from Barrow, Alaska, during the International Pola… more

Date: April 15, 2009

Creator: McFarlane, S. A.; Shi, Y. & Long, C. N.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The Design and Analysis of Salmonid Tagging Studies in the Columbia Basin : Volume XVII : Effects of Ocean Covariates and Release Timing on First Ocean-Year Survival of Fall Chinook Salmon from Oregon and Washington Coastal Hatcheries.

Effects of oceanographic conditions, as well as effects of release-timing and release-size, on first ocean-year survival of subyearling fall chinook salmon were investigated by analyzing CWT release and recovery data from Oregon and Washington coastal hatcheries. Age-class strength was estimated using a multinomial probability likelihood which estimated first-year survival as a proportional hazards regression against ocean and release covariates. Weight-at-release and release-month were found t… more

Date: May 1, 2001

Creator: Burgess, Caitlin & Skalski, John R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Combined Plate Motion and Density Driven Flow in the Asthenosphere beneath Saudi Arabia: Evidence from Shearwave Splitting and Seismic Anisotropy

Mantle anisotropy along the Red Sea and across the Arabian Peninsula was analyzed using shear-wave splitting recorded by stations from three different seismic networks: the largest, most widely distributed array of stations examined across the Arabian Peninsula to date. Stations near the Gulf of Aqaba display fast orientations aligned parallel to the Dead Sea Transform Fault, most likely related to the strike-slip motion between Africa and Arabia However, most of our observations across Arabia … more

Date: September 8, 2006

Creator: Hansen, S.; Schwartz, S.; Al-Amri, A. & Rodgers, A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Final Report: High Spectral Resolution Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Studies with the ARM UAV

The active participation in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Unmanned Airborne Vehicle (UAV) science team that was anticipated in the grant proposal was indefinitely delayed after the first year due to a programmatic decision to exclude the high spectral resolution observations from the existing ARM UAV program. However, this report shows that substantial progress toward the science objectives of this grant have made with the help of separate funding from NASA and other agencies. In … more

Date: December 31, 1999

Creator: Revercomb, Henry E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Solar and Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS) Handbook

The Solar Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS) provides continuous measurements of broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (atmospheric or infrared) irradiances for downwelling and upwelling components. The following six irradiance measurements are collected from a network of stations to help determine the total radiative flux exchange within the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Climate Research Facility: • Direct normal shortwave (solar beam) • Diffuse horizont… more

Date: July 1, 2005

Creator: Stoffel, T

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) Handbook

A Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) has been installed collocated with each deployed ECOR system at the Southern Great Plains (SGP), North Slope of Alaska (NSA), Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), ARM Mobile Facility 1 (AMF1), and ARM Mobile Facility 2 (AMF2). The surface energy balance system consists of upwelling and downwelling solar and infrared radiometers within one net radiometer, a wetness sensor, and soil measurements. The SEBS measurements allow the comparison of ECOR sensible and lat… more

Date: February 14, 2011

Creator: Cook, DR

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

ARM Climate Research Facility Spectral Surface Albedo Value-Added Product (VAP) Report

This document describes the input requirements, output data products, and methodology for the Spectral Surface Albedo (SURFSPECALB) value-added product (VAP). The SURFSPECALB VAP produces a best-estimate near-continuous high spectral resolution albedo data product using measurements from multifilter radiometers (MFRs). The VAP first identifies best estimates for the MFR downwelling and upwelling shortwave irradiance values, and then calculates narrowband spectral albedo from these best-estimate… more

Date: July 15, 2011

Creator: McFarlane, S.; Gaustad, K.; Long, C. & Mlawer, E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Parameterizations in high resolution isopycnal wind-driven ocean models. Final report, August 1, 1992--January 31, 1996

Development of a general quasi-isopycnal code suitable for numerical experimentation and test of parameterizations was the main goal of the proposed research. A versatile ocean modeling system, which the authors refer to as the Thermodynamic Ocean Modeling System (TOMS) is the result of this effort. TOMS is based on an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) vertical coordinate and is a hybrid between isopycnal and z-coordinate models. The modeling system is designed for oceanic and coastal flows w… more

Date: March 1996

Creator: Jensen, T.G. & Randall, D.A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Coral Radiocarbon Records of Indian Ocean Water Mass Mixing and Wind-Induced Upwelling Along the Coast of Sumatra, Indonesia

Radiocarbon ({sup 14}C) in the skeletal aragonite of annually banded corals track radiocarbon concentrations in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface seawater. As a result of nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s, oceanic uptake of excess {sup 14}C in the atmosphere has increased the contrast between surface and deep ocean {sup 14}C concentrations. We present accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) measurements of radiocarbon isotope ({Delta}{sup 14}C) in Porites corals from the Mentawai Isla… more

Date: February 6, 2004

Creator: Guilderson, T. P.; Grumet, N. S.; Abram, N. J.; Beck, J. W.; Dunbar, R. B.; Gagan, M. K. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Observed 1970-2005 cooling of summer daytime temperatures in coastal California

The study evaluated 1948-2004 summer (JJA) mean monthly air temperatures for two California air basins: SoCAB and SFBA. The study focuses on the more rapid post-1970 warming period, and its daily T{sub min} and T{sub max} values were used to produce average monthly values and spatial distributions of trends for each air basins. Additional analyses included T{sub D} values at two NWS sites, SSTs, NCEP reanalysis sea-level pressures, and GCM T{sub ave}-values. Results for all California COOP site… more

Date: May 15, 2009

Creator: Lebassi, B.; Gonzalez, J.; Fabris, D.; Maurer, E.; Miller, N.; Milesi, C. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

New results on the resistivity structure of Merapi Volcano(Indonesia), derived from 3D restricted inversion of long-offsettransient electromagnetic data

Three long-offset transient electromagnetic (LOTEM) surveyswerecarried out at the active volcano Merapi in Central Java (Indonesia)during the years 1998, 2000, and 2001. The measurements focused on thegeneral resistivity structure of the volcanic edifice at depths of 0.5-2km and the further investigation of a southside anomaly. The measurementswere insufficient for a full 3D inversion scheme, which could enable theimaging of finely discretized resistivity distributions. Therefore, astable, damp… more

Date: June 14, 2006

Creator: Commer, Michael; Helwig, Stefan, L.; Hordt, Andreas; Scholl,Carsten & Tezkan, Bulent

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Response to"Analysis of the Treatment, by the U.S. Department of Energy, of the FEP Hydrothermal Activity in the Yucca Mountain Performance Assessment" by Yuri Dublyansky

This paper presents a rebuttal to Dublyansky (2007), which misrepresents technical issues associated with hydrothermal activity at the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository and their importance to the long-term performance of the repository. In this paper, questions associated with hydrothermal activity are reviewed and the justification for exclusion of hydrothermal activity from performance assessment is presented. The hypothesis that hydrothermal upwelling into the present-day uns… more

Date: November 17, 2008

Creator: Houseworth, J.E. & Hardin, E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Joint seismic-geodynamic-mineral physical modelling of African geodynamics: A reconciliation of deep-mantle convection with surface geophysical constraints

Recent progress in seismic tomography provides the first complete 3-D images of the combined thermal and chemical anomalies that characterise the unique deep mantle structure below the African continent. With these latest tomography results we predict flow patterns under Africa that reveal a large-scale, active hot upwelling, or superplume, below the western margin of Africa under the Cape Verde Islands. The scale and dynamical intensity of this West African superplume (WASP) is comparable to t… more

Date: August 22, 2008

Creator: Forte, A M; Quere, S; Moucha, R; Simmons, N A; Grand, S P; Mitrovica, J X et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Geothermal Modeling of the Raft River Geothermal Field

This interim report presents the results to date of chemical modeling of the Raft River KGRA. Earlier work indicated a northwest-southeast anomaly in the contours. Modeling techniques applied to more complete data allowed further definition of the anomaly. Models described in this report show the source of various minerals in the geothermal water. There appears to be a regional heat source that gives rise to uniform conductive heat flow in the region, but convective flow is concentrated near th… more

Date: November 1, 1979

Creator: Overton, H. L.; Chaney, R. E.; McAtee, D. L. & Graham, D. L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Decadal- to interannual-scale source water variations in the Caribbean Sea recorded by Puerto Rican coral radiocarbon

Water that forms the Florida Current, and eventually the Gulf Stream, coalesces in the Caribbean from both subtropical and equatorial sources. The equatorial sources are made up of, in part, South Atlantic water moving northward and compensating for southward flow at depth related to meridional overturning circulation. Subtropical surface water contains relatively high amounts of radiocarbon ({sup 14}C), whereas equatorial waters are influenced by the upwelling of low {sup 14}C water and have r… more

Date: December 5, 2006

Creator: Kilbourne, K. H.; Quinn, T. M.; Guilderson, T. P.; Webb, R. S. & Taylor, F. W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Evaluation of Using Caged Clams to Monitor Contaminated Groundwater Exposure in the Near-Shore Environment of the Hanford Site 300 Area

The Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) has been identified as an indicator species for locating and monitoring contaminated groundwater in the Columbia River. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory conducted a field study to explore the use of caged Asiatic clams to monitor contaminated groundwater upwelling in the 300 Area near-shore environment and assess seasonal differences in uranium uptake in relation to seasonal flow regimes of the Columbia River. Additional objectives included examining t… more

Date: January 31, 2008

Creator: Larson, Kyle B.; Poston, Ted M. & Tiller, Brett L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

On the Estimation of Clear-Sky Upwelling Shortwave and Longwave

Previous work (Long and Ackerman 2000; Long 2004) has concentrated on estimation of the downwelling clear-sky irradiances and the calculation of the effect of clouds on the downwelling radiative energy budget. However, cloud forcing is defined for the difference between clear- and cloudy-sky net radiation, which includes the upwelling components. Thus, if we are to estimate the surface radiative cloud forcing, the means must be developed to estimate what the upwelling shortwave and longwave irr… more

Date: March 18, 2005

Creator: Long, C.N.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Contribution to the development of DOE ARM Climate Modeling Best Estimate Data (CMBE) products: Satellite data over the ARM permanent and AMF sites: Final Report

To support the LLNL ARM infrastructure team Climate Modeling Best Estimate (CMBE) data development, the University of North Dakota (UND)'s group will provide the LLNL team the NASA CERES and ISCCP satellite retrieved cloud and radiative properties for the periods when they are available over the ARM permanent research sites. The current available datasets, to date, are as follows: the CERES/TERRA during 200003-200812; the CERES/AQUA during 200207-200712; and the ISCCP during 199601-200806. The … more

Date: May 18, 2012

Creator: Xie, B; Dong, X & Xie, S

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Burial, remineralization and utilization of organic matter at the sea floor under a strong western boundary current. Final report, May 1, 1992--April 30, 1995

The overall goals of this project were to quantify the rates of organic carbon export from the southern mid-Atlantic Bight and to quantify the rates at which carbon is exchanged between the inorganic and organic pools within the bottom sediments. This information is necessary to constrain the role of the oceans in the control of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere in association with energy production. During this project, in situ benthic flux chamber incubations have been performed at si… more

Date: August 24, 1995

Creator: Jahnke, R. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The continental margin is a key source of iron to the HNLC North Pacific Ocean

Here we show that labile particulate iron and manganese concentrations in the upper 500m of the Western Subarctic Pacific, an iron-limited High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) region, have prominent subsurface maxima between 100-200 m, reaching 3 nM and 600 pM, respectively. The subsurface concentration maxima in particulate Fe are characterized by a more reduced oxidation state, suggesting a source from primary volcagenic minerals such as from the Kuril/Kamchatka margin. The systematics of the… more

Date: January 15, 2008

Creator: Lam, P. J. & Bishop, J. K. B

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Coastal Upwelling and Mass Mortalities of Fishes and Invertebrates in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico during Spring and Summer 1998: Final Report

Report of the mass mortality of fish and invertebrates resulting from the 1998 El Nino in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Mortality was linked to a condition of near anoxia caused by a confluence of unusual oceanographic stratification associated with coastal upwelling, algal proliferation, and climatic conditions.

Date: September 1999

Creator: Collard, Sneed B & Lugo-Fernandez, Alexis

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Inversion of Multi-Angle Radiation Measurement

Our need to reconcile models and measurements in an efficient manner that allows for the operational retrieval of particle sizes for a two layer cloud led us to develop a new method for calculating the Green's functions for radiative transfer. The method uses the fact that doubling/adding codes can be easily used to calculate internal radiation fields at arbitrarily high resolution. We have also determined that the adjoint downwelling and upwelling vector radiation fields are simply related to … more

Date: March 18, 2005

Creator: Cairns, B.; Alexandrov, M. Lacis, A. & Carlson, B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department