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How Can We Make PV Modules Safer?: Preprint

Description: Safety is a prime concern for the photovoltaics (PV) industry. As a technology deployed on residential and commercial buildings, it is critical that PV not cause damage to the buildings nor harm the occupants. Many of the PV systems on buildings are of sufficiently high voltage (300 to 600 Volts dc) that they may present potential hazards. These PV systems must be safe in terms of mechanical damage (nothing falls on someone), shock hazard (no risk of electrical shock when touching an exposed ci… more
Date: June 1, 2012
Creator: Wohlgemuth, J. H. & Kurtz, S. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Basic Science Simulations Provide New Insights to Aid Hydrogen Gas Turbine Development (Fact Sheet), NREL Highlights, Science

Description: Massive first-principles simulation provides insight into flame anchoring in a hydrogen-rich jet in cross-flow. When gas turbine designers want to use gasified biomass for stationary power generation, they are faced with a challenge: bio-derived syngas typically contains significant amounts of hydrogen, which is far more reactive than the methane that is the traditional gas turbine fuel. This reactivity leads to a safety design issue, because with hydrogen-rich fuels a flame may anchor in the f… more
Date: November 1, 2011
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

[3 Wild Stallions outside of the second LSRFA pit-stop]

Description: Photograph of three of the Wild Stallions team members at the second LSRFA pit-stop. They are wearing matching red, orange, and yellow jerseys with flames at the bottom and "Wild Stallions" across the chest. They are also wearing red accessories including a feather boa on their helmets, red butterfly masks, and orange zipties on top of their helmets. One has the number 38 on her helmet.
Date: September 24, 2011
Item Type: Refine your search to only Photograph
Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections

[4 Wild Stallions outside of the second LSRFA pit-stop]

Description: Photograph of three of the Wild Stallions team members at the second LSRFA pit-stop. They are wearing matching red, orange, and yellow jerseys with flames at the bottom and "Wild Stallions" across the chest. They are also wearing red accessories including a feather boa, red butterfly masks, and orange zipties on top of their helmets, a Nike tank top, tutus, and socks. One has the number 38 on her helmet.
Date: September 24, 2011
Item Type: Refine your search to only Photograph
Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections

["Wild Stallions" team at the second LSRFA pit-stop]

Description: Photograph of members of the "Wild Stallions" walking up to the second LSRFA pit-stop. They are wearing matching red jerseys with flame designs and the team name on the front. Some of them also have on red tulle tutus and red knee-high socks. Supporters in grass skirts and leis are gathered at the entrance and a blowup palm tree is decorating the front. Bikes and other riders are lined up along the exterior wall.
Date: September 24, 2011
Item Type: Refine your search to only Photograph
Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections

["Wild Stallions" team member at the second LSRFA pit-stop]

Description: Photograph of a member of the "Wild Stallions" walking up to the second LSRFA pit-stop. He is wearing a red jersey with flame designs and the team name on the front. A team crew member is standing near the entrance with a plastic lei on and other riders, crew members, and bikes are lined up against the wall. Part of a blowup palm tree used for decoration is also visible at the entrance.
Date: September 24, 2011
Item Type: Refine your search to only Photograph
Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections
open access

Natural Gas Variability In California: Environmental Impacts And Device Performance Combustion Modeling of Pollutant Emissions From a Residential Cooking Range

Description: As part of a larger study of liquefied natural gas impacts on device performance and pollutant emissions for existing equipment in California, this report describes a cmoputer modeling study of a partially premixed flame issueing from a single cooktop burner port. The model consisted of a reactive computational fluid dynamics three-dimensional spatial grid and a 71-species chemical mechanism with propane combustion capability. Simulations were conducted with a simplified fuel mixture containing… more
Date: July 1, 2011
Creator: Tonse, S. R. & Singer, B. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Carbon fiber composite characterization in adverse thermal environments.

Description: The behavior of carbon fiber aircraft composites was studied in adverse thermal environments. The effects of resin composition and fiber orientation were measured in two test configurations: 102 by 127 millimeter (mm) test coupons were irradiated at approximately 22.5 kW/m{sup 2} to measure thermal response, and 102 by 254 mm test coupons were irradiated at approximately 30.7 kW/m{sup 2} to characterize piloted flame spread in the vertically upward direction. Carbon-fiber composite materials wi… more
Date: May 1, 2011
Creator: Gomez-Vasquez, Sylvia; Brown, Alexander L.; Hubbard, Joshua A.; Ramirez, Ciro J. & Dodd, Amanda B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Effects of Combustion-Induced Vortex Breakdown on Flashback Limits of Syngas-Fueled Gas Turbine Combustors

Description: Turbine combustors of advanced power systems have goals to achieve very low pollutants emissions, fuel variability, and fuel flexibility. Future generation gas turbine combustors should tolerate fuel compositions ranging from natural gas to a broad range of syngas without sacrificing operational advantages and low emission characteristics. Additionally, current designs of advanced turbine combustors use various degrees of swirl and lean premixing for stabilizing flames and controlling high temp… more
Date: March 31, 2011
Creator: Choudhuri, Ahsan
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comprehensive chemical kinetic modeling of the oxidation of C8 and larger n-alkanes and 2-methylalkanes

Description: Conventional petroleum jet and diesel fuels, as well as alternative Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels and hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ) fuels, contain high molecular weight lightly branched alkanes (i.e., methylalkanes) and straight chain alkanes (n-alkanes). Improving the combustion of these fuels in practical applications requires a fundamental understanding of large hydrocarbon combustion chemistry. This research project presents a detailed and reduced chemical kinetic mechanism for singly methy… more
Date: March 16, 2011
Creator: Sarathy, S. M.; Westbrook, C. K.; Pitz, W. J.; Mehl, M.; Togbe, C.; Dagaut, P. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The role and importance of porosity in the deflagration rates of HMX-based materials

Description: The deflagration behavior of thermally damaged HMX-based materials will be discussed. Strands of material were burned at pressures ranging from 10-300 MPa using the LLNL high pressure strand burner. Strands were heated in-situ and burned while still hot; temperatures range from 90-200 C and were chosen in order to allow for thermal damage of the material without significant decomposition of the HMX. The results indicate that multiple variables affect the burn rate but the most important are the… more
Date: March 15, 2011
Creator: Glascoe, E A; Hsu, P C & Springer, H K
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

High Temperature Chemical Kinetic Combustion Modeling of Lightly Methylated Alkanes

Description: Conventional petroleum jet and diesel fuels, as well as alternative Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels and hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ) fuels, contain high molecular weight lightly branched alkanes (i.e., methylalkanes) and straight chain alkanes (n-alkanes). Improving the combustion of these fuels in practical applications requires a fundamental understanding of large hydrocarbon combustion chemistry. This research project presents a detailed high temperature chemical kinetic mechanism for n-octan… more
Date: March 1, 2011
Creator: Sarathy, S M; Westbrook, C K; Pitz, W J & Mehl, M
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Low and High Temperature Combustion Chemistry of Butanol Isomers in Premixed Flames and Autoignition Systems

Description: Butanol is a fuel that has been proposed as a bio-derived alternative to conventional petroleum derived fuels. The structural isomer in traditional 'bio-butanol' fuel is n-butanol, but newer conversion technologies produce iso-butanol as a fuel. In order to better understand the combustion chemistry of bio-butanol, this study presents a comprehensive chemical kinetic model for all the four isomers of butanol (e.g., 1-, 2-, iso- and tert-butanol). The proposed model includes detailed high temper… more
Date: December 12, 2010
Creator: Sarathy, S M; Pitz, W J; Westbrook, C K; Mehl, M; Yasunaga, K; Curran, H J et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Description of heat flux measurement methods used in hydrocarbon and propellant fuel fires at Sandia.

Description: The purpose of this report is to describe the methods commonly used to measure heat flux in fire applications at Sandia National Laboratories in both hydrocarbon (JP-8 jet fuel, diesel fuel, etc.) and propellant fires. Because these environments are very severe, many commercially available heat flux gauges do not survive the test, so alternative methods had to be developed. Specially built sensors include 'calorimeters' that use a temperature measurement to infer heat flux by use of a model (he… more
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: Nakos, James Thomas
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Phoenix series large scale LNG pool fire experiments.

Description: The increasing demand for natural gas could increase the number and frequency of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tanker deliveries to ports across the United States. Because of the increasing number of shipments and the number of possible new facilities, concerns about the potential safety of the public and property from an accidental, and even more importantly intentional spills, have increased. While improvements have been made over the past decade in assessing hazards from LNG spills, the existi… more
Date: December 1, 2010
Creator: Simpson, Richard B.; Jensen, Richard Pearson; Demosthenous, Byron; Luketa, Anay Josephine; Ricks, Allen Joseph; Hightower, Marion Michael et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Understanding and predicting soot generation in turbulent non-premixed jet flames.

Description: This report documents the results of a project funded by DoD's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) on the science behind development of predictive models for soot emission from gas turbine engines. Measurements of soot formation were performed in laminar flat premixed flames and turbulent non-premixed jet flames at 1 atm pressure and in turbulent liquid spray flames under representative conditions for takeoff in a gas turbine engine. The laminar flames and open jet … more
Date: October 1, 2010
Creator: Wang, Hai (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA); Kook, Sanghoon; Doom, Jeffrey; Oefelein, Joseph Charles; Zhang, Jiayao; Shaddix, Christopher R. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Feature Tracking Using Reeb Graphs

Description: Tracking features and exploring their temporal dynamics can aid scientists in identifying interesting time intervals in a simulation and serve as basis for performing quantitative analyses of temporal phenomena. In this paper, we develop a novel approach for tracking subsets of isosurfaces, such as burning regions in simulated flames, which are defined as areas of high fuel consumption on a temperature isosurface. Tracking such regions as they merge and split over time can provide important ins… more
Date: August 2, 2010
Creator: Weber, Gunther H.; Bremer, Peer-Timo; Day, Marcus S.; Bell, John B. & Pascucci, Valerio
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Enabling Advanced Modeling and Simulations for Fuel-Flexible Combustors

Description: The overall goal of the present project is to enable advanced modeling and simulations for the design and optimization of fuel-flexible turbine combustors. For this purpose we use a high-fidelity, extensively-tested large-eddy simulation (LES) code and state-of-the-art models for premixed/partially-premixed turbulent combustion developed in the PI's group. In the frame of the present project, these techniques are applied, assessed, and improved for hydrogen enriched premixed and partially premi… more
Date: May 31, 2010
Creator: Pitsch, Heinz
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Extended Simulations of Graphene Growth with Updated Rate Coefficients

Description: New simulations of graphene growth in flame environments are presented. The simulations employ a kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) algorithm coupled to molecular mechanics (MM) geometry optimization to track individual graphenic species as they evolve. Focus is given to incorporation of five-member rings and resulting curvature and edge defects. The model code has been re-written to be more computationally efficient enabling a larger set of simulations to be run, decreasing stochastic fluctuations in t… more
Date: March 18, 2010
Creator: Whitesides, R.; You, X. & Frenklach, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Chemical Dynamics, Molecular Energetics, and Kinetics at the Synchrotron

Description: Scientists at the Chemical Dynamics Beamline of the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley are continuously reinventing synchrotron investigations of physical chemistry and chemical physics with vacuum ultraviolet light. One of the unique aspects of a synchrotron for chemical physics research is the widely tunable vacuum ultraviolet light that permits threshold ionization of large molecules with minimal fragmentation. This provides novel opportunities to assess molecular energetics and reaction mech… more
Date: March 14, 2010
Creator: Leone, Stephen R.; Ahmed, Musahid & Wilson, Kevin R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Transport Properties for Combustion Modeling

Description: This review examines current approximations and approaches that underlie the evaluation of transport properties for combustion modeling applications. Discussed in the review are: the intermolecular potential and its descriptive molecular parameters; various approaches to evaluating collision integrals; supporting data required for the evaluation of transport properties; commonly used computer programs for predicting transport properties; the quality of experimental measurements and their import… more
Date: February 19, 2010
Creator: Brown, N. J.; Bastein, L. & Price, P. N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Development and Demonstration of a High Efficiency, Rapid Heating, Low NOx Alternative to Conventional Heating of Round Steel Shapes, Steel Substrate (Strip) and Coil Box Transfer Bars

Description: Direct Flame Impingement involves the use of an array of very high-velocity flame jets impinging on a work piece to rapidly heat the work piece. The predominant mode of heat transfer is convection. Because of the locally high rate of heat transfer at the surface of the work piece, the refractory walls and exhaust gases of a DFI furnace are significantly cooler than in conventional radiant heating furnaces, resulting in high thermal efficiency and low NOx emissions. A DFI furnace is composed of … more
Date: January 25, 2010
Creator: Kurek, Harry & Wagner, John
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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