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Factors affecting the concentration of outdoor particles indoors (COPI): Identification of data needs and existing data

Description: The process of characterizing human exposure to particulate matter requires information on both particle concentrations in microenvironments and the time-specific activity budgets of individuals among these microenvironments. Because the average amount of time spent indoors by individuals in the US is estimated to be greater than 75%, accurate characterization of particle concentrations indoors is critical to exposure assessments for the US population. In addition, it is estimated that indoor p… more
Date: December 1, 2001
Creator: Thatcher, Tracy L.; McKone, Thomas E.; Fisk, William J.; Sohn, Michael D.; Delp, Woody W.; Riley, William J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Defining intake fraction

Description: No Description Available.
Date: May 1, 2002
Creator: Bennett, Deborah H.; McKone, Thomas E.; Evans, John.S.; Nazaroff, William W.; Margni, Manuele D.; Jolliet, Olivier et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A fugacity-based indoor residential pesticide fate model

Description: Dermal and non-dietary pathways are potentially significant exposure pathways to pesticides used in residences. Exposure pathways include dermal contact with residues on surfaces, ingestion from hand- and object-to-mouth activities, and absorption of pesticides into food. A limited amount of data has been collected on pesticide concentrations in various residential compartments following an application. But models are needed to interpret this data and make predictions about other pesticides bas… more
Date: June 1, 2002
Creator: Bennett, Deborah H.; Furtaw, Edward J. & McKone, Thomas E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Developing and evaluating distributions for probabilistic human exposure assessments

Description: This report describes research carried out at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to assist the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in developing a consistent yet flexible approach for evaluating the inputs to probabilistic risk assessments. The U.S. EPA Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR) recently released Volume 3 Part A of Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS), as an update to the existing two-volume set of RAGS. The update provides policy and techni… more
Date: August 1, 2002
Creator: Maddalena, Randy L. & McKone, Thomas E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Standardized approach for developing probabilistic exposure factor distributions

Description: The effectiveness of a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) depends critically on the quality of input information that is available to the risk assessor and specifically on the probabilistic exposure factor distributions that are developed and used in the exposure and risk models. Deriving probabilistic distributions for model inputs can be time consuming and subjective. The absence of a standard approach for developing these distributions can result in PRAs that are inconsistent and difficult … more
Date: March 2003
Creator: Maddalena, Randy L.; McKone, Thomas E. & Sohn, Michael D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Overall multi-media persistence as an indicator of potential for population-level intake of environmental contaminants

Description: Although it is intuitively apparent that population-level exposure to contaminants dispersed in the environment must related to the persistence of the contaminant, there has been little effort to formally quantify this link. In this paper we investigate the relationship between overall persistence in a multimedia environment and the population-level exposure as expressed by intake fraction (iF), which is the cumulative fraction of chemical emitted to the environment that is taken up by members … more
Date: June 1, 2003
Creator: MacLeod, Matthew & McKone, Thomas E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Residential ventilation standards scoping study

Description: The goals of this scoping study are to identify research needed to develop improved ventilation standards for California's Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. The 2008 Title 24 Standards are the primary target for the outcome of this research, but this scoping study is not limited to that timeframe. We prepared this scoping study to provide the California Energy Commission with broad and flexible options for developing a research plan to advance the standards. This document presents … more
Date: October 1, 2003
Creator: McKone, Thomas E. & Sherman, Max H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Human intake fraction of toxic pollutants: a model comparison between caltox and uses-lca

Description: In Life Cycle Assessment and Comparative Risk Assessment potential human exposure to toxic pollutants can be expressed as the human intake fraction (iF), representing the fraction of the quantity emitted that enters the human population. To assess model uncertainty in the human intake fraction, ingestion and inhalation iFs of 367 substances emitted to air and freshwater were calculated with two commonly applied multi-media fate and exposure models, CalTOX and USES-LCA. Comparison of the model o… more
Date: January 6, 2004
Creator: Huijbregts, Mark A.J.; Geelen, Loes M.J.; Hertwich, Edgar G.; McKone, Thomas E. & van de Meent, Dik
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Applications of contaminant fate and bioaccumulation models in assessing ecological risks of chemicals: A case study for gasoline hydrocarbons

Description: Mass balance models of chemical fate and transport can be applied in ecological risk assessments for quantitative estimation of concentrations in air, water, soil and sediment. These concentrations can, in turn, be used to estimate organism exposures and ultimately internal tissue concentrations that can be compared to mode-of-action-based critical body residues that correspond to toxic effects. From this comparison, risks to the exposed organism can be evaluated. To illustrate the practical ut… more
Date: February 1, 2004
Creator: MacLeod, Matthew; McKone, Thomas E.; Foster, Karen L.; Maddalena, Randy L.; Parkerton, Thomas F. & Mackay, Don
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Constraining uncertainties about the sources and magnitude of ambient air exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): The state of Minnesota as a case study

Description: Emissions data are often lacking or uncertain for many airborne contaminants. Chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), emitted from combustion sources, fall into this category. Currently available ambient-air emission inventories of PAHs either fail to account for population-based activities (such as residential wood combustion and motor vehicle activity) and/or report ''total PAH'' or particulate organic matter emissions instead of individual compounds. We measure the degree… more
Date: February 1, 2004
Creator: Lobscheid, Agnes B. & McKone, Thomas E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Can fuzzy logic bring complex problems into focus? Modeling imprecise factors in environmental policy

Description: In modeling complex environmental problems, we often fail to make precise statements about inputs and outcome. In this case the fuzzy logic method native to the human mind provides a useful way to get at these problems. Fuzzy logic represents a significant change in both the approach to and outcome of environmental evaluations. Risk assessment is currently based on the implicit premise that probability theory provides the necessary and sufficient tools for dealing with uncertainty and variabili… more
Date: June 14, 2004
Creator: McKone, Thomas E. & Deshpande, Ashok W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Inhalation of primary motor vehicle emissions: Effects of urbanpopulation and land area

Description: Urban population density can influence transportation demand, as expressed through average daily vehicle-kilometers traveled per capita (VKT). In turn, changes in transportation demand influence total passenger vehicle emissions. Population density can also influence the fraction of total emissions that are inhaled by the exposed urban population. Equations are presented that describe these relationships for an idealized representation of an urban area. Using analytic solutions to these equatio… more
Date: June 14, 2004
Creator: Marshall, Julian D.; McKone, Thomas E. & Nazaroff, William W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A Mass Balance for Mercury in the San Francisco Bay Area

Description: We develop and illustrate a general regional multi-species model that describes the fate and transport of mercury in three forms, elemental, divalent, and methylated, in a generic regional environment including air, soil, vegetation, water and sediment. The objectives of the model are to describe the fate of the three forms of mercury in the environment and determine the dominant physical sinks that remove mercury from the system. Chemical transformations between the three groups of mercury spe… more
Date: June 1, 2005
Creator: MacLeod, Matthew; McKone, Thomas E. & Mackay, Don
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Dose-Response Modeling for Life Cycle Impact Assessment: Findingsof the Portland Review Workshop

Description: The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative aims at putting life cycle thinking into practice and at improving the supporting tools for this process through better data and indicators. The initiative has thus launched three programs with associated working groups (see http://www.uneptie.org/pc/sustain/lcinitiative/). The Task Force on Toxic Impacts was established under the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) program to establish recommended practice and guidance f… more
Date: June 1, 2006
Creator: McKone, Thomas E.; Kyle, Amy D.; Jolliet, Olivier; Olsen, StigIrving & Hauschild, Michael
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Integrated Environmental Assessment Part III: ExposureAssessment

Description: Human exposure assessment is a key step in estimating the environmental and public health burdens that result chemical emissions in the life cycle of an industrial product or service. This column presents the third in a series of overviews of the state of the art in integrated environmental assessment - earlier columns described emissions estimation (Frey and Small, 2003) and fate and transport modeling (Ramaswami, et al., 2004). When combined, these first two assessment elements provide estima… more
Date: June 1, 2006
Creator: McKone, Thomas E. & Small, Mitchell J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Merging Models and Biomonitoring Data to Characterize Sources andPathways of Human Exposure to Organophosphorous Pesticides in the SalinasValley of California

Description: By drawing on human biomonitoring data and limited environmental samples together with outputs from the CalTOX multimedia, multipathway source-to-dose model, we characterize cumulative intake of organophosphorous (OP) pesticides in an agricultural region of California. We assemble regional OP pesticide use, environmental sampling, and biological tissue monitoring data for a large and geographically dispersed population cohort of 592 pregnant Latina women in California (the CHAMACOS cohort). We … more
Date: June 1, 2006
Creator: McKone, Thomas E.; Castorina, Rosemary; Kuwabara, Yu; Harnly,Martha E.; Eskenazi, Brenda & Bradman, Asa
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Public Health Benefits of End-Use Electrical Energy Efficiency in California: An Exploratory Study

Description: This study assesses for California how increasing end-use electrical energy efficiency from installing residential insulation impacts exposures and disease burden from power-plant pollutant emissions. Installation of fiberglass attic insulation in the nearly 3 million electricity-heated homes throughout California is used as a case study. The pollutants nitrous oxides (NO{sub x}), sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), benzo(a)pyrene, benzene, and naphthalene are selected … more
Date: June 1, 2006
Creator: McKone, Thomas E. & Lobscheid, A.B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants from Soil: A Critical Review of Bioconcentration Estimates Based on Modelsand Experiments

Description: The role of terrestrial vegetation in transferring chemicals from soil and air into specific plant tissues (stems, leaves, roots, etc.) is still not well characterized. We provide here a critical review of plant-to-soil bioconcentration ratio (BCR) estimates based on models and experimental data. This review includes the conceptual and theoretical formulations of the bioconcentration ratio, constructing and calibrating empirical and mathematical algorithms to describe this ratio and the experim… more
Date: January 1, 2007
Creator: McKone, Thomas E. & Maddalena, Randy L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Exposure information in environmental health research: Current opportunities and future directions for particulate matter, ozone, and toxic air pollutants

Description: Understanding and quantifying outdoor and indoor sources of human exposure are essential but often not adequately addressed in health-effects studies for air pollution. Air pollution epidemiology, risk assessment, health tracking and accountability assessments are examples of health-effects studies that require but often lack adequate exposure information. Recent advances in exposure modeling along with better information on time-activity and exposure factors data provide us with unique opportu… more
Date: February 1, 2007
Creator: McKone, Thomas E.; Ryan, P. Barry & Ozkaynak, Haluk
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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