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The Hybrid Treatment Process for treatment of mixed radioactive and hazardous wastes

Description: This paper describes a new process for treating mixed hazardous and radioactive waste, commonly called mixed waste. The process is called the Hybrid Treatment Process (HTP), so named because it is built on the 20 years of experience with vitrification of wastes in melters, and the 12 years of experience with treatment of wastes by the in situ vitrification (ISV) process.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Ross, W.A. & Kindle, C.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Hybrid Treatment Process for treatment of mixed radioactive and hazardous wastes

Description: This paper describes a new process for treating mixed hazardous and radioactive waste, commonly called mixed waste. The process is called the Hybrid Treatment Process (HTP), so named because it is built on the 20 years of experience with vitrification of wastes in melters, and the 12 years of experience with treatment of wastes by the in situ vitrification (ISV) process.
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Ross, W. A. & Kindle, C. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Code requirements for concrete repository and processing facilities

Description: The design and construction of facilities and structures for the processing and safe long-term storage of low- and high-level radioactive wastes will likely employ structural concrete. This concrete will be used for many purposes including structural support, shielding, and environmental protection. At the present time, there are no design costs, standards or guidelines for repositories, waste containers, or processing facilities. Recently, the design and construction guidelines contained in Am… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Hookham, C. J. & Palaniswamy, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Determination of the biodegradation rate of asphalt for the Hanford grout vaults. Hanford Grout Technology Program

Description: Testing was initiated in March 1991 and completed in November 1992 to determine the rate at which asphalt is biodegraded by microorganisms native to the Hanford Site soils. The asphalt tested (AR-6000, US Oil, Tacoma, Washington) is to be used in the construction of a diffusion barrier for the Hanford grout vaults. Experiments to determine asphalt biodegradation rates were conducted using three separate test sets. These test sets were initiated in March 1991, January 1992, and June 1992 and ran… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Luey, J. & Li, S. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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In situ electrochemical characterization of grouted radioactive waste

Description: At the Hanford Site, twenty-eight double-shell tanks (DST) and one hundred and forty nine single-shell tanks (SST) are used for storage of radioactive liquid and sludge wastes and sat cake. A fundamental goal of the Westinghouse Hanford Company is to end the current storage practice for liquid wastes and to permanently dispose of the waste. The Hanford Defense Waste Environmental Impact Statement and subsequent record of decision has identified a cement-based waste form for disposal of DST low-… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Gu, Jingyan; Shen, Wu-Mian; Tomkiewicz, Micha & Kruger, A. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Leach testing of in situ stabilization grouts containing additives to sequester contaminants

Description: This document discusses laboratory testing performed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) of special grout formulations that incorporate specific sequestering agents to help improve the ability of the cement to resist contaminant leaching. To enhance the sequestering of contaminants we chose five additives to introduce (singly) to the control cement. The additives were Florida pebble phosphate, clinoptilolite (a natural zeolite), ferrous sulfide (a reduct… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Serne, R. J.; Ames, L. L.; Martin, P. F. C.; LeGore, V. L.; Lindenmeier, C. W. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)) & Phillips, S. J. (Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Leach testing of in situ stabilization grouts containing additives to sequester contaminants

Description: This document discusses laboratory testing performed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) of special grout formulations that incorporate specific sequestering agents to help improve the ability of the cement to resist contaminant leaching. To enhance the sequestering of contaminants we chose five additives to introduce (singly) to the control cement. The additives were Florida pebble phosphate, clinoptilolite (a natural zeolite), ferrous sulfide (a reduct… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Serne, R. J.; Ames, L. L.; Martin, P. F. C.; LeGore, V. L.; Lindenmeier, C. W. & Phillips, S. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Polyethylene encapsulation of single shell tank low-level wastes

Description: Polyethylene encapsulation is being explored for potential use in treating nitrate salts and sludges at US Department of Energy (US DOE) underground storage tank facilities. Some of these wastes contain high concentrations of fission products and are expected to maintain equilibrium temperatures of 50--70{degrees}C for many years. The potential effects of elevated temperature and high radiation conditions on key waste form properties (e.g., mechanical integrity, leachability) are examined. Afte… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Kalb, P. D.; Fuhrmann, M. & Colombo, P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Feasibility of permeation grouting for constructing subsurface barriers

Description: Efforts are being made to devise technologies that provide interim containment of waste sites while final remediation alternatives are developed. Permeation grouting, a technique used extensively in the civil and mining engineering industry has been investigated as a method for emplacing a subsurface containment barrier beneath existing waste sites. Conceptually an underlying barrier is placed by injecting grout into the formation at less than fracturing pressure from a series of directionally … more
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: Dwyer, B. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Early containment of high-alkaline solution simulating low-level radioactive waste stream in clay-bearing blended cement

Description: Portland cement blended with fly ash and attapulgite clay was mixed with high-alkaline solution simulating low-level radioactive waste stream at a one-to-one weight ratio. Mixtures were adiabatically and isothermally cured at various temperatures and analyzed for phase composition, total alkalinity, pore solution chemistry, and transport properties as measured by impedance spectroscopy. Total alkalinity is characterized by two main drops. The early one corresponds to a rapid removal of phosphor… more
Date: April 1, 1995
Creator: Kruger, A. A.; Olson, R. A. & Tennis, P. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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In situ construction of horizontal soil containment barrier at Fernald

Description: An innovative method of placing soil barriers to contain vertical flow is being prepared for demonstration by the Fernald Environmental Restoration Management Corporation (FERMCO), working in conjunction with the Department of Energy Office of Technology Development (DOE/OTD) and two principle subcontractors. The method employs proven directional drilling techniques, jet grouting technology and unique placement tooling to form horizontal soil barriers in situ. This is done without disturbance t… more
Date: April 1, 1995
Creator: Ridenour, D.; Pettit, P.J. & Walker, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Remediation options for a chromium contaminated landfill using cementitious grouts

Description: In-situ remediation of a chemical waste landfill with excessive chromium levels is being investigated as part of the Mixed Waste Landfill Integrated Demonstration. This paper is concerned with the design of advanced cementitious grouts for in-situ stabilization of chromium contaminated soil and in-situ installation of subsurface containment barriers. Grouts have been developed to improve the performance and cost effectiveness of remediation compared with conventional materials. In addition to r… more
Date: April 1, 1995
Creator: Allan, M. L. & Kukacka, L. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pressure grouting of fractured basalt flows

Description: This report describes a field trial of pressure grouting in basalt and the results of subsequent coring and permeability measurement activities. The objective was to show that the hydraulic conductivity of fractured basalt bedrock can be significantly reduced by pressure injection of cementitious materials. The effectiveness of the pressure grout procedure was evaluated by measuring the change in the hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock. The extent of grout penetration was established by analy… more
Date: April 1, 1996
Creator: Shaw, P.; Weidner, J.; Phillips, S. & Alexander, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fiscal year 1996 well plugging and abandonment program Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Description: This report is a synopsis of the progress of the well plugging and abandonment program at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, from August 1995 through August 1996. A total of 27 wells, piezometers, and borings were plugged and abandoned during the period of time covered in this report. All wells and borings were plugged and abandoned in accordance with the Monitoring Well Plugging and Abandonment Plan for the U.S. Department of Energy, Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (HSW, Inc. 199… more
Date: April 1, 1997
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A new and superior ultrafine cementitious grout

Description: Sealing fractures in nuclear waste repositories concerns all programs investigating deep burial as a means of disposal. Because the most likely mechanism for contaminant migration is by dissolution and movement through groundwater, sealing programs are seeking low-viscosity sealants that are chemically, mineralogically, and physically compatible with the host rock. This paper presents the results of collaborative work directed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and supported by Whiteshell La… more
Date: April 1, 1997
Creator: Ahrens, E. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Process modeling for the Integrated Nonthermal Treatment System (INTS) study

Description: This report describes the process modeling done in support of the Integrated Nonthermal Treatment System (INTS) study. This study was performed to supplement the Integrated Thermal Treatment System (ITTS) study and comprises five conceptual treatment systems that treat DOE contract-handled mixed low-level wastes (MLLW) at temperatures of less than 350{degrees}F. ASPEN PLUS, a chemical process simulator, was used to model the systems. Nonthermal treatment systems were developed as part of the IN… more
Date: April 1, 1997
Creator: Brown, B.W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sludge displacement verification for reducing grout report

Description: To support the closure of HLW tanks at SRS, a reducing grout was developed that is formulated to reduce the mobility of radionuclides left in each tank. During non-radioactive flow tests of the grout, it was discovered that, in addition to its desired properties, the grout has the ability to move residual waste a considerable distance across the tank floor.
Date: April 10, 1997
Creator: Caldwell, T. B. & Langton, C. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Tank closure reducing grout

Description: A reducing grout has been developed for closing high level waste tanks at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina. The grout has a low redox potential, which minimizes the mobility of Sr{sup 90}, the radionuclide with the highest dose potential after closure. The grout also has a high pH which reduces the solubility of the plutonium isotopes. The grout has a high compressive strength and low permeability, which enhances its ability to limit the migration of contaminants after closure. … more
Date: April 18, 1997
Creator: Caldwell, T. B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP GROUTING MATERIALS

Description: The thermal conductivity of cementitious grouts has been investigated in order to determine suitability of these materials for grouting vertical boreholes used with geothermal heat pumps. The roles of mix variables such as water/cement ratio, sand/cement ratio and superplasticizer dosage were measured. The cement-sand grouts were also tested for rheological characteristics, bleeding, permeability, bond to HDPE pipe, shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion, exotherm, durability and environme… more
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: ALLAN,M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Treatability study Number PDC-1-O-T. Final report

Description: Los Alamos National Laboratory provided treatability study samples from four waste streams, designated Stream {number_sign}1, Stream {number_sign}3, Stream {number_sign}6, and Stream {number_sign}7. Stream {number_sign}1 consisted of one 55-gallon drum of personal protective equipment (PPE), rags, and neutralizing agent (bicarbonate) generated during the cleanup of a sodium dichromate solution spill. Stream {number_sign}3 was one 55-gallon drum of paper, rags, lab utensils, tools, and tape from… more
Date: April 22, 1998
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Grout performance in support of in situ grouting of the TH4 tank sludge

Description: The cold demonstration test proved that less water was required to pump the in situ grout formulation than had been previously tested in the laboratory. The previous in situ grout formulation was restandardized with the same relative amounts of dry blend ingredients, albeit adding a fluidized admixture, but specifying less water for the slurry mix that must by pumped through the nozzles at high pressure. Also, the target GAAT tank for demonstrating this is situ grouting technique has been shift… more
Date: April 1999
Creator: Hunt, R. D.; Kauschinger, J. L. & Spence, R. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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