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Cooperative Monitoring Center Occasional Paper/16: The Potential of Technology for the Control of Small Weapons: Applications in Developing Countries

Description: For improving the control of small arms, technology provides many possibilities. Present and future technical means are described in several areas. With the help of sensors deployed on the ground or on board aircraft, larger areas can be monitored. Using tags, seals, and locks, important objects and installations can be safeguarded better. With modern data processing and communication systems, more information can be available, and it can be more speedily processed. Together with navigation and… more
Date: July 1, 2000
Creator: ALTMANN, JURGEN
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Design considerations for the development of a space qualification Short Wavelength Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (SWIFTS)

Description: This document is the final report on work performed at Sandia National Laboratories during FY 1992 and 1993 for a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program to look at problems associated with the design and long term operation of a short wavelength imaging Fourier Transform (FT) spectrometer for use in space. In attempts to answer two fundamental questions: is a FT spectrometer with a resolution of 1 cm{sup {minus}1} covering the silicon detector wavelength range of 0.4 to 1.1… more
Date: June 1, 1997
Creator: Abbink, R. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

U.S./Russian cooperative efforts to enhance nuclear MPC&A at VNIITF, (Chelyabinsk-70)

Description: The All Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics (VNIITF) is one of the major sites in the nuclear weapons complex in Russia. The site contains a number of research facilities which use nuclear material as well as assembly, disassembly, and testing of prototypes (pilot samples) of nuclear weapons. VNIITF also has ties to the major nuclear materials production facilities in the Urals region of Russia. The objective of the U.S./Russian Materials Protection Control and Accounting… more
Date: September 1, 1998
Creator: Abramson, B.; Apt, K.; Blasy, J.; Bukin, D.; Churikov, Y.; Eras, A. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Superconducting gravity gradiometers for underground target recognition. Final report

Description: One of the most formidable intelligence challenges existing in the non-proliferation community is the detection of buried targets. The physical parameter that all buried targets share, whether the target is buried armaments, a tunnel or a bunker, is mass. In the case of buried armaments, there is an excess mass (higher density) compared to the surrounding area; for a tunnel or bunker, the mass is missing. In either case, this difference in mass generates a distinct gravitational signature. The … more
Date: January 1, 1998
Creator: Adriaans, M.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Movements of people, ideas, trade, and technology: Toward a peaceful coexistence of India and Pakistan

Description: The potential exists for peaceful and constructive bilateral relations between India and Pakistan. Domestic developments in both countries, the changing global economic and political environment, and structural changes in regional trading patterns have created new opportunities for replacing traditional Indian and Pakistani perceptions of hostility and suspicion with mutual understanding and trust. This substitution process can be accelerated by increasing people-to-people contact, the free flo… more
Date: March 1, 1998
Creator: Ahmed, S. & Das, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Freezing the fighting: Military disengagement on the Siachen Glacier

Description: Since 1984, India and Pakistan have confronted each other militarily for control over the Siachen Glacier and its approaches in the eastern Karakoram mountain range, adjacent to the borders of India, Pakistan, and China. The longest-running armed conflict between two regular armies in the twentieth century, the conflict in Siachen has resulted in hundreds of casualties, mainly because of adverse climatic conditions and harsh terrain. The economic cost of sustaining a conflict in that geographic… more
Date: March 1, 1998
Creator: Ahmed, S. & Sahni, V.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A preliminary study of extraction solvents for CW-agents and their decomposition products [3:1 (methylene chloride:isopropanol) vs. methylene chloride]

Description: The major focus of this study was to explore the possibility of using different extraction solvents (or solvent combinations) to isolate CW agents and their degradation products from environmental and industrial samples. The general approach for extracting, e.g. water samples, required the use of a 3:1 (methylene chloride:isopropanol) extraction solvent. Although the 3:1 solvent extraction work-up methods provided excellent results in several Inter-laboratory Comparison Tests, the implementatio… more
Date: September 15, 1994
Creator: Alcaraz, A.; Ward, R. L.; Hulsey, S. S. & Andresen, B. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A flow injection trace gas analyzer for on-site determination of organoarsenicals

Description: Lewisite was developed during World War I as a chemical warfare agent. Several countries produced large quantities of the agent before, during and after World War II. The Chemical Weapons Convention treaty, recently signed, requires the destruction of Lewisite. In implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention treaty, it will be necessary to monitor the facilities at which various chemical agents including Lewisite may be stored for compliance with the agreement. The inspection procedures must me… more
Date: December 31, 1995
Creator: Aldstadt, J.H. III
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The CFE Treaty and changed conditions in Europe

Description: The Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) was signed in November 1990 by sixteen nations, members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and six nations, members of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO). It was resigned to prevent a major surprise attack in Europe by the conventional forces of one Treaty Organization against those of the other and was the first major arms control treaty to address conventional weapons. This paper focuses on how CFE adapted to changes in the mi… more
Date: August 1, 1994
Creator: Allentuck, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

CFE verification: The decision to inspect

Description: Verification of compliance with the provisions of the treaty on Conventional Forces-Europe (CFE) is subject to inspection quotas of various kinds. Thus the decision to carry out a specific inspection or verification activity must be prudently made. This decision process is outlined, and means for conserving quotas'' are suggested. 4 refs., 1 fig.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Allentuck, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Challenge inspections in Arms Control treaties: Any lessons for strengthening NPT verification?

Description: Recent revelations of an ongoing and sophisticated nuclear weapons development program in Iraq have lead to suggestions for strengthening International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards. Especially troubling was the realization that safeguards, as presently applied, could not possibly have detected such a program. It is clear that the inspections which have taken place in Iraq since the Gulf War could only have been imposed on a nation which had suffered a severe military defeat. It has, h… more
Date: September 1, 1992
Creator: Allentuck, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Challenge inspections in Arms Control treaties: Any lessons for strengthening NPT verification. [Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)]

Description: Recent revelations of an ongoing and sophisticated nuclear weapons development program in Iraq have lead to suggestions for strengthening International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards. Especially troubling was the realization that safeguards, as presently applied, could not possibly have detected such a program. It is clear that the inspections which have taken place in Iraq since the Gulf War could only have been imposed on a nation which had suffered a severe military defeat. It has, h… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Allentuck, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Open Skies: Facilitating the many dimensions of transparency

Description: The Treaty on Open Skies (Open Skies) was signed on 24 March 1992 by 23 European nations in addition to the United States and Canada. Unlike other arms control treaties which prohibit specific weapons or weapon systems, Open Skies is intended to provide, in the words of its preamble, means ``to facilitate the monitoring of compliance with existing or future arms control agreements.`` In addition, its objectives include the ``improvement of openness and transparency for conflict prevention and c… more
Date: August 1, 1993
Creator: Allentuck, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Open Skies and monitoring a fissile materials cut-off treaty

Description: The Treaty on Open Skies (Open Skies) is intended among other things to provide, in the words of its preamble, means ``to facilitate the monitoring of compliance with existing or future arms control agreements.`` Open Skies permits overflights of the territory of member states by aircraft equipped with an array of sensors of various types. Their types and capabilities are treaty-limited. To find useful application in monitoring a cut-off treaty Open Skies would need to be amended. The number of… more
Date: September 1, 1995
Creator: Allentuck, J. & Lemley, J.R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cooperative Remote Monitoring, Arms control and nonproliferation technologies: Fourth quarter 1995

Description: The DOE`s Cooperative Remote Monitoring programs integrate elements from research and development and implementation to achieve DOE`s objectives in arms control and nonproliferation. The contents of this issue are: cooperative remote monitoring--trends in arms control and nonproliferation; Modular Integrated Monitoring System (MIMS); Authenticated Tracking and Monitoring Systems (ATMS); Tracking and Nuclear Materials by Wide-Area Nuclear Detection (WAND); Cooperative Monitoring Center; the Inte… more
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Alonzo, G M
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Synergy of seismic, acoustic, and video signals in blast analysis

Description: The range of mining applications from hard rock quarrying to coal exposure to mineral recovery leads to a great variety of blasting practices. A common characteristic of many of the sources is that they are detonated at or near the earth`s surface and thus can be recorded by camera or video. Although the primary interest is in the seismic waveforms that these blasts generate, the visual observations of the blasts provide important constraints that can be applied to the physical interpretation o… more
Date: September 1, 1997
Creator: Anderson, D.P.; Stump, B.W. & Weigand, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Estimation of Parameters in Nonlinear, Implicit Measurement Error Models With Experiment-Wide Measurements

Description: Measurement error modeling is a statistical approach to the estimation of unknown model parameters which takes into account the measurement errors in all of the data. Approaches which ignore the measurement errors in so-called independent variables may yield inferior estimates of unknown model parameters. At the same time, experiment-wide variables (such as physical constants) are often treated as known without error, when in fact they were produced from prior experiments. Realistic assessments… more
Date: May 1, 1994
Creator: Anderson, K. K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Statistical evaluation of CTBT regional seismic monitoring

Description: A global seismic monitoring system under a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) is judged by its capability to detect, locate, and identify suspicious seismic events. Performance measures are those statistical objects that describe these capabilities. Performance criteria are the thresholds derived from the overall monitoring system goals, against which the evaluated performance measures are compared. This report proposes statistical objects for performance measurement of detection and location… more
Date: September 1, 1996
Creator: Anderson, K.K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Report on development of neutron passportisation method

Description: In this report the results of development of spatial neutron passportisation method are described. The method is aimed on spatial configuration (including the number of sources) control of closed objects containing neutron sources. The possible areas of method application are: (1) the number of warheads control inside the missile heads for RF-US nuclear disarmament treaties verification; (2) control of SNM containers arrangement in storage vaults; (3) control of complicated assemblies with SNM … more
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Antropov, G.P.; Babichev, Yu.B. & Blagin, S.V.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The NTS Ground Motion Data Base

Description: The NTS (Nevada Test Site) Ground Motion Data Base is composed of strong motion data recorded during the normal execution of the US underground test program. It contains surface, subsurface, and structure motion data as digitized waveforms. Currently the data base contains information from 148 underground explosions This represents about 4200 measurements and nearly 12,000 individual digitized waveforms. Most of the data was acquired by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in connection with L… more
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: App, F. N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sensitivity of the close-in seismic source function to rock properties. Los Alamos Source Region Program

Description: The objective of this investigation is to determine and evaluate how rock properties near the origin of an explosion influence the close-in seismic source function. This is work in progress that represents one step in the systematic investigation of parameters important in the remote identification of underground nuclear tests. In this study, the `overshoot`` and ``steady state value`` of the reduced displacement potential, and the ``corner frequency`` and ``rolloff`` of the reduced velocity po… more
Date: May 1, 1993
Creator: App, F. N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Synthetic seismograms at regional distances for May 1995 earthquake and explosion sources in Western China

Description: Waveforms recorded at several regional seismic stations at varying azimuths form explosion and earthquake sources in western China exhibit marked variation from station to station. We have performed two-dimensional finite difference simulations of these events, using moment tensor sources and simple crustal structure models, to generate synthetic seismograms at these locations. The synthetic seismograms at three locations exhibit behavior that is qualitatively consistent with the data, while co… more
Date: August 1, 1996
Creator: App, F. N.; Bos, R. J. & Kamm, J. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Examining near-source effects in the far field

Description: A fundamental objective of the S-6 (physical basis for discrimination) sub-task of the CTBT R&D Seismic Monitoring Program at Los Alamos is to analyze the sensitivity of the regional signal to source configuration, material properties, geologic layering and structure, along with complications along the path of the signal. Our approach is to combine the results of conventional analysis of field data from explosions and earthquakes with results of numerical models of actual and idealized situatio… more
Date: September 1, 1995
Creator: App, F. N.; Bos, R. J.; Dey, T. N.; Jones, E. M.; Kamm, J. R. & Taylor, S. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

R and D -- Seismic report on the influence of the source region on regional seismic waveforms as inferred from modeling

Description: The identification of an underground nuclear test from its seismic signal recorded by seismometers at regional distances is one of the fundamental scientific goals of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty R and D Program. The work being reported here addresses the issue of event discrimination through the use of computer models that use realistic simulations of nuclear explosions in various settings for the generation of near-regional and regional synthetic seismograms. The study exercises some uni… more
Date: November 1, 1997
Creator: App, Fred N.; Jones, Eric M. & Bos, Randall J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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