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in creator/contributor: "Environmental Energy Technologies Division"

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Wind Power Price Trends in the United States: Struggling to Remain Competitive in the Face of Strong Growth

The amount of wind power capacity being installed globally is surging, with the United States the world leader in terms of annual market share for three years running (2005-2007). The rapidly growing market for wind has been a double-edged sword, however, as the resulting supply-demand imbalance in wind turbines, along with the rising cost of materials and weakness in the U.S. dollar, has put upward pressure on wind turbine costs, and ultimately, wind power prices. Two mitigating factors--reduc… more

Date: October 30, 2008

Creator: Bolinger, Mark A. & Wiser, Ryan

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Full Steam Ahead for PV in US Homes?

In October 2008, the United States Congress extended both the residential and commercial solar investment tax credits (ITCs) for an unprecedented eight years, lifted the $2,000 cap on the residential credit, removed the prohibition on utility use of the commercial credit, and eliminated restrictions on the use of both credits in conjunction with the Alternative Minimum Tax. These significant changes, which apply to systems placed in service on or after January 1, 2009, will increase the value o… more

Date: January 15, 2009

Creator: Bolinger, Mark A.; Barbose, Galen & Wiser, Ryan

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Power System Modeling of 20percent Wind-Generated Electricity by 2030

The Wind Energy Deployment System model was used to estimate the costs and benefits associated with producing 20% of the nation's electricity from wind technology by 2030. This generation capacity expansion model selects from electricity generation technologies that include pulverized coal plants, combined cycle natural gas plants, combustion turbine natural gas plants, nuclear plants, and wind technology to meet projected demand in future years. Technology cost and performance projections, as … more

Date: June 9, 2008

Creator: Bolinger, Mark A.; Hand, Maureen; Blair, Nate; Wiser, Ryan; Hern, Tracy; Miller, Bart et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

A Review of Wind Project Financing Structures in the USA

The rapid pace of wind power development in the U.S. over the last decade has outstripped the ability of most project developers to provide adequate equity capital and make efficient use of project-related tax benefits. In response, the sector has created novel project financing structures that feature varying combinations of equity capital from project developers and third-party tax-oriented investors, and in some cases commercial debt. While their origins stem from variations in the financial… more

Date: September 24, 2008

Creator: Bolinger, Mark A.; Harper, John & Karcher, Matthew

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Shaking Up the Residential PV Market: Implications of Recent Changes to the ITC

On August 8, 2005, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005) increased the Section 48 investment tax credit (ITC) for commercial photovoltaic (PV) systems from 10% to 30% of the project's 'tax credit basis' (i.e., the dollar amount to which the ITC applies), and also created in Section 25D of the Internal Revenue Code a new 30% ITC (capped at $2,000) for residential solar systems. Both changes went into effect on January 1, 2006, for an initial period of two years, and in late 2006 both credit… more

Date: November 12, 2008

Creator: Bolinger, Mark; Barbose, Galen & Wiser, Ryan

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Preliminary Evaluation of the Impact of the Section 1603 Treasury Grant Program on Renewable Energy Deployment in 2009

Federal support for renewable energy deployment in the United States has traditionally been delivered primarily through tax benefits, including the production tax credit ('PTC') in Section 45 of the U.S. tax code, investment tax credits ('ITC') in Sections 25D and 48, and accelerated tax depreciation in Section 168. Many renewable power project developers are unable to use the majority of these tax benefits directly or immediately, however, and have therefore often relied on third-party 'tax eq… more

Date: March 31, 2010

Creator: Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan & Darghouth, Naim

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Preliminary Evaluation of the Section 1603 Treasury Grant Program for Renewable Power Projects in the United States

This article evaluates the first year of the Section 1603 Treasury cash grant program, which enables renewable power projects in the U.S. to elect cash grants in lieu of the federal tax credits that are otherwise available. To date, the program has been heavily subscribed, particularly by wind power projects, which had received 86% of the nearly $2.6 billion in grants that had been disbursed as of March 1, 2010. As of that date, 6.2 GW of the 10 GW of new wind capacity installed in the U.S. in … more

Date: May 5, 2010

Creator: Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan & Darghouth, Naim

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

PTC, ITC, or Cash Grant? An Analysis of the Choice Facing Renewable Power Projects in the United States

Renewable power technologies are inherently capital-intensive, often (but not always) with relatively high construction costs and low operating costs. For this reason, renewable power technologies are typically more sensitive to the availability and cost of financing than are natural gas power plants, for example. In the United States, the bulk of renewable project finance in recent years has been provided by 'tax equity investors' (typically large investment banks and insurance companies) who … more

Date: March 11, 2009

Creator: Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan; Cory, Karlynn & James, Ted

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Integration of the predictions of two models with dose measurements in a case study of children exposed to the emissions of a lead smelter

The predictions of two source-to-dose models are systematically evaluated with observed data collected in a village polluted by a currently operating secondary lead smelter. Both models were built up from several sub-models linked together and run using Monte-Carlo simulation, to calculate the distribution children's blood lead levels attributable to the emissions from the facility. The first model system is composed of the CalTOX model linked to a recoded version of the IEUBK model. This syste… more

Date: March 1, 2009

Creator: Bonnard, R. & McKone, T.E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Field Study and Numerical Simulation of Sub Slab Ventilation Systems

The effectiveness of the technique of subslab ventilation (SSV) for limiting radon entry into basements was investigated through complementary experimentation and numerical modeling. Subslab pressure fields resulting from SSV were measured in six well-characterized basements, each with a different combination of soil and aggregate permeability. The relationship between air velocity and pressure gradient was measured in the laboratory for the three types of aggregate installed beneath the baseme… more

Date: May 1, 1992

Creator: Bonnefous, Y. C.; Gadgil, A. J.; Fisk, W. J.; Prill, R. J. & Nematollahi, A. R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Impacts of a Sub-Slab Aggregate Layer and a Sub-Aggregate Membrane on Radon Entry Rate: A Numerical Study

A subslab aggregate layer can increase the radon entry rate into a building by up to a factor of 5. We use a previously tested numerical technique to investigate and confirm this phenomenon. Then we demonstrate that a sub-aggregate membrane has the potential to significantly reduce the increase in radon entry rate due to the aggregate layer, even when a gap exists between the perimeter of the membrane and the footer. Such membranes greatly reduce diffusion of radon from the soil into the aggreg… more

Date: January 1, 1993

Creator: Bonnefous, Y. C.; Gadgil, A. J.; Revzan, K. L.; Fisk, W. J. & Riley, W. J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Performance of Charcoal Cookstoves for Haiti Part 1: Results from the Water Boiling Test

In April 2010, a team of scientists and engineers from Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) and UC Berkeley, with support from the Darfur Stoves Project (DSP), undertook a fact-finding mission to Haiti in order to assess needs and opportunities for cookstove intervention. Based on data collected from informal interviews with Haitians and NGOs, the team, Scott Sadlon, Robert Cheng, and Kayje Booker, identified and recommended stove testing and comparison as a high priority need that could be fi… more

Date: June 1, 2011

Creator: Booker, Kayje; Han, Tae Won; Granderson, Jessica; Jones, Jennifer; Lsk, Kathleen; Yang, Nina et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Kinetics and Mechanism for the Catalytic Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide on Carbon in Aqueous Suspensions

Combustion-produced soot (carbonaceous) particles have been found to be efficient catalysts for SO{sub 2} oxidation, especially in the presence of liquid water. A kinetic study of the catalytic oxidation of SO{sub 2} on carbon particles suspended in solution has been carried out. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to the concentration of carbon particles, 0.69th order with respect to dissolved oxygen, between zero and second order with respect to S(IV) concentrations, and ind… more

Date: February 1, 1980

Creator: Brodzinsky, R.; Chang, S. G.; Markowitz, S. S. & Novakov, T.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Economic Impacts of Wind Turbine Development in U.S. Counties

The objective is to address the research question using post-project construction, county-level data, and econometric evaluation methods. Wind energy is expanding rapidly in the United States: Over the last 4 years, wind power has contributed approximately 35 percent of all new electric power capacity. Wind power plants are often developed in rural areas where local economic development impacts from the installation are projected, including land lease and property tax payments and employment gr… more

Date: July 25, 2011

Creator: Brown, J.; Hoen, B.; Lantz, E.; Pender, J. & Wiser, R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Defining a Standard Metric for Electricity Savings

The growing investment by governments and electric utilities in energy efficiency programs highlights the need for simple tools to help assess and explain the size of the potential resource. One technique that is commonly used in this effort is to characterize electricity savings in terms of avoided power plants, because it is easier for people to visualize a power plant than it is to understand an abstraction such as billions of kilowatt-hours. Unfortunately, there is no standardization around… more

Date: March 1, 2009

Creator: Brown, Marilyn; Akbari, Hashem; Blumstein, Carl; Koomey, Jonathan; Brown, Richard; Calwell, Chris et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Transport Properties for Combustion Modeling

This review examines current approximations and approaches that underlie the evaluation of transport properties for combustion modeling applications. Discussed in the review are: the intermolecular potential and its descriptive molecular parameters; various approaches to evaluating collision integrals; supporting data required for the evaluation of transport properties; commonly used computer programs for predicting transport properties; the quality of experimental measurements and their import… more

Date: February 19, 2010

Creator: Brown, N. J.; Bastein, L. & Price, P. N.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INHIBITION IN A PERFECTLY STIRRED REACTOR

This paper reports a set of modeling studies that were undertaken to acquire a more detailed knowledge of combustion inhibition mechanisms. Mixtures of H{sub 2}/O{sub 2}/Ar reacting in the idealized perfectly stirred reactor were investigated. Three H{sub 2}/O{sub 2} kinetic mechanisms were considered, differing from one another by the number of HO{sub 2} reactions included. Two physical inhibitors, Ar and N{sub 2}, and one chemical inhibitor, HBr, were investigated. Additional parameters consi… more

Date: May 1, 1980

Creator: Brown, Nancy J. & Schefer, Robert W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

U.S. Building-Sector Energy Efficiency Potential

This paper presents an estimate of the potential for energy efficiency improvements in the U.S. building sector by 2030. The analysis uses the Energy Information Administration's AEO 2007 Reference Case as a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, and applies percentage savings estimates by end use drawn from several prior efficiency potential studies. These prior studies include the U.S. Department of Energy's Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future (CEF) study and a recent study of natural gas savings … more

Date: September 30, 2008

Creator: Brown, Rich; Borgeson, Sam; Koomey, Jon & Biermayer, Peter

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

HUMAN DISEASE FROM RADON EXPOSURES: THE IMPACT OF ENERGY CONSERVATION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

The level of radon and its daughters inside conventional buildings is often higher than the ambient background level. Interest in conserving energy is motivating homeowners and builers to reduce ventilation and hence to increase the concentration of indoor generated air contaminants, including radon. It is unliekly that the current radiation levels in conventional homes and buildings from radon daughters could account for a significant portion of the lung cancer rate in non-smokers. However, it… more

Date: July 1, 1979

Creator: Budnitz, R. J.; Berk, J. V.; Hollowell, C. D.; Nazaroff, W. W.; Nero, A. V. & Rosenfeld, A. H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

MAS NMR Study of the Metastable Solid Solutions Found in the LiFePO4/FePO4 System

Li and 3IP NMR experiments were conducted on a series of single- or two-phase samples in the LiFePCvFePCM system with different overall lithium contents, and containing the two end-members and/or two metastable solid solution hases, Lio.6FeP04 or Lio.34FeP04. These experiments were carried out at different temperatures in order to search for vacancy/charge ordering and ion/electron mobility in the metastable phases. Evidence for Li+-Fe2+ interactions was bserved for both Lio.6FeP04 and Lio.34Fe… more

Date: October 9, 2009

Creator: Cabana, Jordi; Shirakawa, Junichi; Chen, Guoying; Richardson, Thomas & Grey, Clare P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT DIVISION ANNUAL REPORT 1979

No Description Available.

Date: October 1, 1980

Creator: Cairns, E.J.; Kessel, J. & Osowitt, M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Country Review of Energy-Efficiency Financial Incentives in the Residential Sector

A large variety of energy-efficiency policy measures exist. Some are mandatory, some are informative, and some use financial incentives to promote diffusion of efficient equipment. From country to country, financial incentives vary considerably in scope and form, the type of framework used to implement them, and the actors that administer them. They range from rebate programs administered by utilities under an Energy-Efficiency Resource Standards (EERS) regulatory framework (California, USA) to… more

Date: July 13, 2011

Creator: Can, Stephane de la Rue du; Shah, Nihar & Phadke, Amol

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Empirical Assessment of Shareholder Incentive Mechanisms Designs under Aggressive Savings Goals: Case Study of a Kansas"Super-Utility"

Achieving significant reductions in retail electric sales is becoming a priority for policymakers in many states and is echoed at the federal level with the introduction of legislation to establish a national energy efficiency resource standard. Yet, as the National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency (NAPEE) pointed out, many utilities continue to shy away from seriously expanding their energy efficiency program offerings because they claim there is insufficient profit motivation, or even a finan… more

Date: August 3, 2009

Creator: Cappers, Peter & Goldman, Charles

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Demand Response in U.S. Electricity Markets: Empirical Evidence

Empirical evidence concerning demand response (DR) resources is needed in order to establish baseline conditions, develop standardized methods to assess DR availability and performance, and to build confidence among policymakers, utilities, system operators, and stakeholders that DR resources do offer a viable, cost-effective alternative to supply-side investments. This paper summarizes the existing contribution of DR resources in U.S. electric power markets. In 2008, customers enrolled in exis… more

Date: June 1, 2009

Creator: Cappers, Peter; Goldman, Charles & Kathan, David

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department