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in subjects: "Vacuum Pumps"

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The Use of an Electronic High Vacuum Pump on Various Types of Mass Spectrometers

A commercially available electronic high vacuum pump has bee tested on various types of mass spectrometers used at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant. Considerable savings in operating and maintenance costs can be realized from the use of this pump. the greatest savings result from the elimination of the cold trap required for the diffusion pump whether it is cooled by liquid nitrogen or by mechanical refrigeration. additional savings results from the fact that the pump currently is usually … more

Date: October 9, 1959

Creator: High, R. D. & Schede, R. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Sparking and X-Rays in a Mercury Pumped Vacuum System (Excerpt From Quarterly Report for March, April, May, 1952 - Linac Group - UCRL-1903)

Sparking: The most obvious conclusion about 200 m.c. sparking is that it follows strictly surface gradient and does not depend upon total voltage. In order to arrive at this conclusion, a quantitative means for measuring the probability of sparking had to be constructed, since it was clearly evident that the d.c. notion of sparking was inadequate.

Date: August 1952

Creator: Kilpatrick, W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Optimization of Molecular Flow Conductance

Abstract. A method is described for measuring the molecular flow conductance of scale models of complete diffusion pump systems. Results are given in terms of Clausing's factor P, defined by P= F/F(0), where F is the net volume flow rate through a geometry and F(0) is the volume flow rate of gas striking the orifice of the geometry. Use of the factor P allows prediction of the conductance of the full-scale system represented by the model. Experimental and theoretical data are presented for stra… more

Date: August 1960

Creator: Levenson, L. L. (Leonard Lionel); Milleron, Norman. & Davis, Donald H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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ETF reactor design status

Conceptual design studies of a tokamak Engineering Test Facility (ETF) are being carried out as a joint laboratory-industry effort at the ETF Design Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Designs are being developed for two reactors, one with a bundle divertor and one with a poloidal divertor. These machines, which are designed for ignition and a burn time of 100 s, both have a major radius of 5.4 m, a plasma minor radius of 1.3 m, and a D-shaped plasma elongation of 1.6. The plasma ch… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Sager, P. H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Cryopump behavior in the presence of beam or nuclear radiation

Cryocondensation pumping has been proposed to be the method of gas removal for neutral-beam refueled fusion reactors. A cryocondensation pumping unit has been constructed to test design concepts and compatibility with conditions under actual beam operation and nuclear radiation environment. Various operating parameters for this test pumping unit have been measured, including pumping speeds for various gases and beam desorption effects. An experiment has been planned at the Berkeley Research Rea… more

Date: December 1, 1977

Creator: Law, P. K.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Neutral Beam Injector Research and Development Work in the USA

Neutral beam injection research and development at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley and Livermore Laboratories, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory is described. The ORNL Neutral Beam Development Program is concentrated on the development and application of tokamak neutral beam injection systems. Tokamak neutral beam development is being carried out for ORMAK, PLT, ORMAK-Upgrade, PDX and TFTR. Applications have been made to ORMAK and are being made to PLT. Basic research in suppo… more

Date: January 1, 1976

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Cryosorption vacuum pumping under fusion reactor conditions

Experiments are in progress on cryosorption pumping using a double-chevron pump with a molecular sieve pumping surface. Studies have been made with hydrogen, deuterium, helium, and deuterium-helium at 10/sup -7/ to 3 x 10/sup -3/ torr. Steady pumping speeds were observed for deuterium; above 10/sup -4/ torr the speed increased with pressure until runaway occurred. At less than 10/sup -6/ torr and low panel loading, hydrogen pumping speeds resemble those for deuterium. At higher pressures, the p… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Watson, J. S. & Fisher, P. W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Large-scale cryopumping for controlled fusion

Vacuum pumping by freezing out or otherwise immobilizing the pumped gas is an old concept. In several plasma physics experiments for controlled fusion research, cryopumping has been used to provide clean, ultrahigh vacua. Present day fusion research devices, which rely almost universally upon neutral beams for heating, are high gas throughput systems, the pumping of which is best accomplished by cryopumping in the high mass-flow, moderate-to-high vacuum regime. Cryopumping systems have been dev… more

Date: July 25, 1977

Creator: Pittenger, L. C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Cryopumping of deuterium hydrogen and helium mixtures on smooth 4. 2 K surfaces

The large quantities of deuterium and hydrogen to be pumped in a fusion reactor and its subsystems favor cryopumping over other pumping methods. Cryogen consumption and the operating pressure will not only depend on the gas to be pumped, but also on the amount of helium gas present in the system. In fact, residual helium pressure between pulses will determine the power dissipation of the pump, and hence, influence the choice of cryocondensation or cryosorption. In this paper we will present the… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Chou, T. S. & Halama, H. J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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The solubility of uranium hexafluoride in perfluoroethers

The polyperfluoroethers are compatible with uranium hexafluoride (UF/sub 6/) and are suitable for use in diffusion pumps and in mechanical vacuum pumps which rely on oil as both the lubricant and the seal. The UF/sub 6/ is soluble in all fluids with which it is compatible. Because a number of vacuum pumps in the BOP facilities of the GCEP plant employ these perfluoroether oils as the working fluid and have oil chambers which are large, questions have been raised as to the relationships governin… more

Date: July 15, 1984

Creator: Barber, E. J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Current CTR-related tritium handling studies at ORNL

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory has a comprehensive program concerned with plasma fuel recycle, tritium recovery from blankets, and tritium containment in fusion reactors. Two studies of most current interest are investigations of cryosorption pumping of hydrogen isotopes and measurements of tritium permeation rates through steam generator materials. Cryosorption pumping speeds have been measured for hydrogen, deuterium, and helium at pressures from 10/sup -8/ torr to 3 x 10/sup -3/ torr. Per… more

Date: January 1, 1976

Creator: Watson, J. S.; Bell, J. T.; Clinton, S. D.; Fisher, P. W.; Redman, J. D.; Smith, F. J. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Cold-bore vacuum system design for POPAE

A conceptual design was made of a cold-bore vacuum system for the Fermilab 1000 GeV x 1000 GeV colliding beam facility (POPAE). A double wall vacuum system is used between magnets and cryopumped molecular traps between the cold-bore and warm straight section regions. The beam-induced pressure rise phenomenon has been taken into account as well as the liquid helium leak rate between the cold magnets and the vacuum bore. Since beam for POPAE will be injected at the desired energy, there are no he… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Cho, Y.; Khoe, T. K.; Moenich, J. & Ratner, L. G.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Method of plasma impurity control without magnetic divertor

A method is proposed for controlling impurity generation in a tokomak by skimming and pumping the scrape-off. This method avoids many of the complications of a magnetic divertor, such as specially configured magnetic fields, toroidal symmetry, and inefficient use of toroidal field volume. Estimates are given for operating parameters. Impurity reductions of as much as a factor of 10 should be achievable. The necessary high-capacity pump would employ either titanium gettering or cryocondensation.

Date: June 1, 1977

Creator: Schivell, J. F.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Scattering chamber for the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility

A conceptual design is presented for a 62-in.-diam. general purpose scattering chamber to be used for nuclear research with heavy ions. The detector rotation mechanism is based on large diameter (approx. 58 in.) peripherally driven rings. This leaves the central region open for detectors and other apparatus and permits the use of a perpendicular ring for rotating a detector out of the reaction plane. A precision target slide with provisions for removing the entire slide under vacuum is part of … more

Date: September 1, 1977

Creator: Goodman, C. D. & Corum, J. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Cryosorption vacuum pumping of deuterium, helium and hydrogen at 4. 2/sup 0/K for CTR applications

The Excalibar CVR 1106 vacuum pump which is prototypical of the type of pump normally proposed for plasma recovery systems is described. The pump contains a 320 cm/sup 2/ cryosorption panel which is cooled by intimate contact with liquid helium. Pumping speeds were measured for deuterium, helium, and hydrogen at maximum operating pressures. The results of the deuterium and hydrogen studies are presented. (MOW)

Date: January 1, 1976

Creator: Fisher, P. W. & Watson, J. S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Procurement specification high vacuum test chamber and pumping system

The specification establishes requirements for a high-vacuum test chamber, associated vacuum pumps, valves, controls, and instrumentation that shall be designed and fabricated for use as a test chamber for testing a closed loop Brayton Isotope Power System (BIPS) Ground Demonstration System (GDS). The vacuum system shall include all instrumentation required for pressure measurement and control of the vacuum pumping system. A general outline of the BIPS-GDS in the vacuum chamber and the prelimin… more

Date: May 31, 1976

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Vacuum pumping for controlled thermonuclear reactors

Thermonuclear reactors impose unique vacuum pumping problems involving very high pumping speeds, handling of hazardous materials (tritium), extreme cleanliness requirements, and quantitative recovery of pumped materials. Two principal pumping systems are required for a fusion reactor, a main vacuum system for evacuating the torus and a vacuum system for removing unaccelerated deuterium from neutral beam injectors. The first system must pump hydrogen isotopes and helium while the neutral beam sy… more

Date: January 1, 1976

Creator: Watson, J. S. & Fisher, P. W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Vacuum engineering for fusion research and fusion reactors

The following topics are described: (1) surface pumping by cryogenic condensation, (2) operation of large condensing cryopumps, (3) pumping for large fusion experiments, and (4) vacuum technology for fusion reactors. (MOW)

Date: September 7, 1976

Creator: Pittenger, L. C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Characteristics of the ISABELLE Vacuum System

A discussion is given of the complete vacuum system of ISABELLE, emphasizing those design characteristics dictated by high vacuum, the avoidance of beam current loss, and the reduction of background. The experimental and theoretical justifications for the design are presented.

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Aggus, J. R.; Edwards, D., Jr.; Halama, H. J. & Herrera, J. C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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An ionization profile monitor for the Tevatron

Primarily to study emittance blowup during injection and ramping, an ionization profile monitor has been developed for the Tevatron. It is based on a prototype installed in the Main Injector, although with extensive modifications. In particular, the electromagnetic shielding has been improved, the signal path has been cleaned up, and provisions have been made for an internal electron source. Due to the good Tevatron vacuum, a local pressure bump is introduced to increase the primary signal, whi… more

Date: May 1, 2005

Creator: Jansson, A.; Bowden, M.; Bowie, K.; Bross, A.; Dysert, R.; Fitzpatrick, T. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Electrical, cryogenic and systems design of a dc superconducting power transmission line

The electrical, cryogenic, and systems design concepts for a dc superconducting power transmission line are discussed. The line consists of a hollow-core flexible coaxial cable, using multifilamentary or tape Nb/sub 3/Sn superconductor and wrapped tape dielectric, within a rigid cryogenic envelope. Cryogen flows through the core, is expanded in a turbine and returns over the outer cable surface. The concept is applied to power levels of 1 to 10 GW and for a range of line voltages and maximum di… more

Date: January 1, 1976

Creator: Laquer, H. L.; Dean, J. W. & Chowdhuri, P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Cryosorption pumping of helium at 4. 2 K by type 5A molecular sieve

Experimental results are given for helium pumping as a function of loading for three runs in the low-feed-rate pumping regime (Q less than 2 x 10/sup -3/ torr-liter/sec). Another figure shows helium pumping speeds for feed rates exceeding 2 x 10/sup -3/ torr-liter/sec. Each of these runs begins with an initial speed near 650 liters/sec. (MOW)

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Fisher, P. W. & Watson, J. S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Corning Inc.: Proposed Changes at Glass Plant Indicate $26 Million in Potential Savings

In 2000, the Corning glass plant in Greenville, Ohio, consumed almost 114 million kWh of electricity and nearly 308,000 MMBtu of natural gas in its glassmaking processes for a total cost of approximately $6.4 million. A plant-wide assessment indicated that improvement projects could save nearly $26 million and reduce natural gas use by 122,900 MMBtu per year, reduce electrical use by 72,300,000 kWh per year, and reduce CO2 emissions by 180 million pounds per year.

Date: January 1, 2004

Item Type: Text

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Variable orifice for differential pumping in a vacuum system

In differential pumping, the pumping speed has in the past been controlled by the size of the orifice between the vacuum chamber and the diffusion pump. This fixed orifice is usually in the valve gate of a high-vacuum valve (or in a baffle plate). To change the pumping speed, then, the valve must be removed and another valve with an orifice of a different size must be inserted. This process is time consuming and risks contamination of the system, which would require another pumpdown and bakeout… more

Date: June 11, 1976

Creator: Beeman, R. & Brajkovich, S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department