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in subjects: "Human Reliability Analysis"

open access

Lessons Learned on Benchmarking from the International Human Reliability Analysis Empirical Study

The International Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) Empirical Study is a comparative benchmark of the prediction of HRA methods to the performance of nuclear power plant crews in a control room simulator. There are a number of unique aspects to the present study that distinguish it from previous HRA benchmarks, most notably the emphasis on a method-to-data comparison instead of a method-to-method comparison. This paper reviews seven lessons learned about HRA benchmarking from conducting the stud… more

Date: June 1, 2010

Creator: Boring, Ronald L.; Forester, John A.; Bye, Andreas; Dang, Vinh N. & Lois, Erasmia

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

HUMAN ERROR QUANTIFICATION USING PERFORMANCE SHAPING FACTORS IN THE SPAR-H METHOD

This paper describes a cognitively based human reliability analysis (HRA) quantification technique for estimating the human error probabilities (HEPs) associated with operator and crew actions at nuclear power plants. The method described here, Standardized Plant Analysis Risk-Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H) method, was developed to aid in characterizing and quantifying human performance at nuclear power plants. The intent was to develop a defensible method that would consider all factors t… more

Date: September 1, 2008

Creator: Blackman, Harold S.; Gertman, David I. & Boring, Ronald L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Using Information from Operating Experience to Inform Human Reliability Analysis

This paper reports on efforts being sponsored by the U.S. NRC and performed by INEEL to develop a technical basis and perform work to extract information from sources for use in HRA. The objectives of this work are to: 1) develop a method for conducting risk-informed event analysis of human performance information that stems from operating experience at nuclear power plants and for compiling and documenting the results in a structured manner; 2) provide information from these analyses for use i… more

Date: June 1, 2004

Creator: Hallbert, Bruce P.; Gertman, David I.; Marble, Julie; Lois, Erasmia & Siu, Nathan

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Dynamic Human Reliability Analysis: Benefits and Challenges of Simulating Human Performance

To date, there has been considerable work on dynamic event trees and other areas related to dynamic probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). The counterpart to these efforts in human reliability analysis (HRA) has centered on the development of specific methods to account for the dynamic nature of human performance. In this paper, the author posits that the key to dynamic HRA is not in the development of specific methods but in the utilization of cognitive modeling and simulation to produce a fra… more

Date: June 1, 2007

Creator: Boring, R. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Advancing Usability Evaluation through Human Reliability Analysis

This paper introduces a novel augmentation to the current heuristic usability evaluation methodology. The SPAR-H human reliability analysis method was developed for categorizing human performance in nuclear power plants. Despite the specialized use of SPAR-H for safety critical scenarios, the method also holds promise for use in commercial off-the-shelf software usability evaluations. The SPAR-H method shares task analysis underpinnings with human-computer interaction, and it can be easily adap… more

Date: July 1, 2005

Creator: Boring, Ronald L. & Gertman, David I.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

MODELING HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS USING MIDAS

This paper summarizes an emerging collaboration between Idaho National Laboratory and NASA Ames Research Center regarding the utilization of high-fidelity MIDAS simulations for modeling control room crew performance at nuclear power plants. The key envisioned uses for MIDAS-based control room simulations are: (i) the estimation of human error with novel control room equipment and configurations, (ii) the investigative determination of risk significance in recreating past event scenarios involvi… more

Date: May 1, 2006

Creator: Boring, Ronald L.; Dudenhoeffer, Donald D.; Hallbert, Bruce P. & Gore, Brian F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Human Reliability Analysis in the U.S. Nuclear Power Industry: A Comparison of Atomistic and Holistic Methods

A variety of methods have been developed to generate human error probabilities for use in the US nuclear power industry. When actual operations data are not available, it is necessary for an analyst to estimate these probabilities. Most approaches, including THERP, ASEP, SLIM-MAUD, and SPAR-H, feature an atomistic approach to characterizing and estimating error. The atomistic approach is based on the notion that events and their causes can be decomposed and individually quantified. In contrast,… more

Date: September 1, 2005

Creator: Boring, Ronald L.; Gertman, David I.; Joe, Jeffrey C. & Marble, Julie L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

IDHEAS – A NEW APPROACH FOR HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

This paper describes a method, IDHEAS (Integrated Decision-Tree Human Event Analysis System) that has been developed jointly by the US NRC and EPRI as an improved approach to Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) that is based on an understanding of the cognitive mechanisms and performance influencing factors (PIFs) that affect operator responses. The paper describes the various elements of the method, namely the performance of a detailed cognitive task analysis that is documented in a crew response… more

Date: September 1, 2013

Creator: Parry, G. W.; Forester, J.A; Dang, V.N.; Hendrickson, S. M. L.; Presley, M.; Lois, E. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

SPAR-H Step-by-Step Guidance

This guide provides step-by-step guidance on the use of the SPAR-H method for quantifying Human Failure Events (HFEs). This guide is intended to be used with the worksheets provided in: 'The SPAR-H Human Reliability Analysis Method,' NUREG/CR-6883, dated August 2005. Each step in the process of producing a Human Error Probability (HEP) is discussed. These steps are: Step-1, Categorizing the HFE as Diagnosis and/or Action; Step-2, Rate the Performance Shaping Factors; Step-3, Calculate PSF-Modif… more

Date: May 1, 2011

Creator: Galyean, W. J.; Whaley, A. M.; Kelly, D. L. & Boring, R. L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

How Many Performance Shaping Factors are Necessary for Human Reliability Analysis?

It has been argued that human reliability analysis (HRA) has expended considerable energy on creating detailed representations of human performance through an increasingly long list of performance shaping factors (PSFs). It is not clear, however, to what extent this refinement and expansion of PSFs has enhanced the quality of HRA. Indeed, there is considerable range in the number of PSFs provided by individual HRA methods, ranging from single factor models such as time-reliability curves, up to… more

Date: June 1, 2010

Creator: Boring, Ronald L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Human Reliability Analysis for Design: Using Reliability Methods for Human Factors Issues

This paper reviews the application of human reliability analysis methods to human factors design issues. An application framework is sketched in which aspects of modeling typically found in human reliability analysis are used in a complementary fashion to the existing human factors phases of design and testing. The paper provides best achievable practices for design, testing, and modeling. Such best achievable practices may be used to evaluate and human system interface in the context of design… more

Date: November 1, 2010

Creator: Boring, Ronald Laurids

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Science-Based Simulation Model of Human Performance for Human Reliability Analysis

Human reliability analysis (HRA), a component of an integrated probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), is the means by which the human contribution to risk is assessed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. However, among the literally dozens of HRA methods that have been developed, most cannot fully model and quantify the types of errors that occurred at Three Mile Island. Furthermore, all of the methods lack a solid empirical basis, relying heavily on expert judgment or empirical results derive… more

Date: October 1, 2011

Creator: Kelly, Dana L.; Boring, Ronald L.; Mosleh, Ali & Smidts, Carol

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Human Reliability Considerations for Small Modular Reactors

Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a promising approach to meeting future energy needs. Although the electrical output of an individual SMR is relatively small compared to that of typical commercial nuclear plants, they can be grouped to produce as much energy as a utility demands. Furthermore, SMRs can be used for other purposes, such as producing hydrogen and generating process heat. The design characteristics of many SMRs differ from those of current conventional plants and may require a dist… more

Date: January 27, 2012

Creator: Ohara, J. M.; Higgins, H.; DAgostino, A. & Erasmia, L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR COMPUTERIZED PROCEDURES

This paper provides a characterization of human reliability analysis (HRA) issues for computerized procedures in nuclear power plant control rooms. It is beyond the scope of this paper to propose a new HRA approach or to recommend specific methods or refinements to those methods. Rather, this paper provides a review of HRA as applied to traditional paper-based procedures, followed by a discussion of what specific factors should additionally be considered in HRAs for computerized procedures. Per… more

Date: September 1, 2011

Creator: Boring, Ronald L.; Gertman, David I. & Blanc, Katya Le

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Bridging Resilience Engineering and Human Reliability Analysis

There has been strong interest in the new and emerging field called resilience engineering. This field has been quick to align itself with many existing safety disciplines, but it has also distanced itself from the field of human reliability analysis. To date, the discussion has been somewhat one-sided, with much discussion about the new insights afforded by resilience engineering. This paper presents an attempt to address resilience engineering from the perspective of human reliability analysi… more

Date: June 1, 2010

Creator: Boring, Ronald L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Microworlds, Simulators, and Simulation: Framework for a Benchmark of Human Reliability Data Sources

In this paper, we propose a method to improve the data basis of human reliability analysis (HRA) by extending the data sources used to inform HRA methods. Currently, most HRA methods are based on limited empirical data, and efforts to enhance the empirical basis behind HRA methods have not yet yielded significant new data. Part of the reason behind this shortage of quality data is attributable to the data sources used. Data have been derived from unrelated industries, from infrequent risk-signi… more

Date: June 1, 2012

Creator: Boring, Ronald; Kelly, Dana; Smidts, Carol; Mosleh, Ali & Dyre, Brian

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

A Multi-Methods Approach to HRA and Human Performance Modeling: A Field Assessment

The Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) is a research reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory is primarily designed and used to test materials to be used in other, larger-scale and prototype reactors. The reactor offers various specialized systems and allows certain experiments to be run at their own temperature and pressure. The ATR Canal temporarily stores completed experiments and used fuel. It also has facilities to conduct underwater operations such as experiment examination or removal. In review… more

Date: June 1, 2012

Creator: Hugo, Jacques & Gertman, David I

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR COMPUTERIZED PROCEDURES, PART TWO: APPLICABILITY OF CURRENT METHODS

Computerized procedures (CPs) are an emerging technology within nuclear power plant control rooms. While CPs have been implemented internationally in advanced control rooms, to date no U.S. nuclear power plant has implemented CPs in its main control room. Yet, CPs are a reality of new plant builds and are an area of considerable interest to existing plants, which see advantages in terms of easier records management by omitting the need for updating hardcopy procedures. The overall intent of thi… more

Date: October 1, 2012

Creator: Boring, Ronald L. & Gertman, David I.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Bridging Human Reliability Analysis and Psychology, Part 2: A Cognitive Framework to Support HRA

This is the second of two papers that discuss the literature review conducted as part of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) effort to develop a hybrid human reliability analysis (HRA) method in response to Staff Requirements Memorandum (SRM) SRM-M061020. This review was conducted with the goal of strengthening the technical basis within psychology, cognitive science and human factors for the hybrid HRA method being proposed. An overview of the literature review approach and high-level… more

Date: June 1, 2012

Creator: Whaley, April M.; Hendrickson, Stacey M. L.; Boring, Ronald L. & Xing, Jing

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Current Human Reliability Analysis Methods Applied to Computerized Procedures

Computerized procedures (CPs) are an emerging technology within nuclear power plant control rooms. While CPs have been implemented internationally in advanced control rooms, to date no US nuclear power plant has implemented CPs in its main control room (Fink et al., 2009). Yet, CPs are a reality of new plant builds and are an area of considerable interest to existing plants, which see advantages in terms of enhanced ease of use and easier records management by omitting the need for updating har… more

Date: June 1, 2012

Creator: Boring, Ronald L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF COMPUTERIZED PROCEDURES IN HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

Computerized procedures (CPs) are an emerging technology within nuclear power plant control rooms. While CPs have been implemented internationally in advanced control rooms, to date no US nuclear power plant has implemented CPs in its main control room. Yet, CPs are a reality of new plant builds and are an area of considerable interest to existing plants, which see advantages in terms of easier records management by omitting the need for updating hardcopy procedures. The overall intent of this … more

Date: July 1, 2012

Creator: Boring, Ronald L. & Gertman, David I.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Fifty Years of THERP and Human Reliability Analysis

In 1962 at a Human Factors Society symposium, Alan Swain presented a paper introducing a Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP). This was followed in 1963 by a Sandia Laboratories monograph outlining basic human error quantification using THERP and, in 1964, by a special journal edition of Human Factors on quantification of human performance. Throughout the 1960s, Swain and his colleagues focused on collecting human performance data for the Sandia Human Error Rate Bank (SHERB), prima… more

Date: June 1, 2012

Creator: Boring, Ronald L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Bridging Human Reliability Analysis and Psychology, Part 1: The Psychological Literature Review for the IDHEAS Method

In response to Staff Requirements Memorandum (SRM) SRM-M061020, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is sponsoring work to update the technical basis underlying human reliability analysis (HRA) in an effort to improve the robustness of HRA. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop a hybrid of existing methods addressing limitations of current HRA models and in particular issues related to intra- and inter-method variabilities and results. This hybrid method is now known as the Integ… more

Date: June 1, 2012

Creator: Whaley, April M.; Hendrickson, Stacey M. L.; Boring, Ronald L.; Joe, Jeffrey C.; Blanc, Katya L. Le & Xing, Jing

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Human Reliability Analysis for Small Modular Reactors

Because no human reliability analysis (HRA) method was specifically developed for small modular reactors (SMRs), the application of any current HRA method to SMRs represents tradeoffs. A first- generation HRA method like THERP provides clearly defined activity types, but these activity types do not map to the human-system interface or concept of operations confronting SMR operators. A second- generation HRA method like ATHEANA is flexible enough to be used for SMR applications, but there is cur… more

Date: June 1, 2012

Creator: Boring, Ronald L. & Gertman, David I.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department