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in subjects: "Liquid Scintillation Detectors"

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Detectors for the Superconducting Super Collider, design concepts, and simulation

The physics of compensation calorimetry is reviewed in the light of the need of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) detectors. The four major detector types: liquid argon, scintillator, room temperature liquids, and silicon, are analyzed with respect to some of their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, general comments are presented which reflect the reliability of simulation code systems. 29 refs., 20 figs., 6 tabs.

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Gabriel, T.A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Scintillation detector efficiencies for neutrons in the energy region above 20 MeV

The computer program SCINFUL (for SCINtillator FUL1 response) is a program designed to provide a calculated complete pulse-height response anticipated for neutrons being detected by either an NE-213 (liquid) scintillator or an NE-110 (solid) scintillator in the shape of a right circular cylinder. The point neutron source may be placed at any location with respect to the detector, even inside of it. The neutron source may be monoenergetic, or Maxwellian distributed, or distributed between chosen… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Dickens, J.K.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Design optimization of liquid scintillator cosmic-ray veto detector with BBQ shifter

Certain design characteristics of a liquid scintillator detector for charged cosmic particles, have been studied. These include evaluation of scintillator emission spectra, absorption in various thicknesses of BBQ shifter bars and effective transmission in long lengths of BBQ acrylic. For our BBQ sample, 12.5 mm thick with semicircular shape, the shifted light was transmitted with 2.0 m absorption length.

Date: October 1, 1981

Creator: Kruse, H. W.; Egdorf, S. S. & Simmons, D. F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Investigation of Cerenkov counting of environmental strontium-90

A typical liquid scintillation counter was evaluated for detection of low levels of /sup 90/Sr-Y. A blank of about 5 cpm and /sup 90/Y efficiency of 42% were obtained for 20-ml samples. The corresponding minimum detectable concentration for a 100-minute count is 0.03 pCi/ml, so that measurement of water samples can readily be made at the maximum permissible concentration for /sup 90/Sr, 0.3 pCi/ml. The efficiency for /sup 90/Sr is less than 0.4%, 1.4% for /sup 137/Cs, and less than 0.04% for ga… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Reynolds, S.A. & Eldridge, J.S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Measuring the quark contribution to the proton spin through. nu. p yields. nu. p

The LSND (Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector) experiment will be performed at LAMPF in the next several years. The main goal of the experiment is to search for {nu}{sub {mu}}-{nu}{sub e} oscillations with high sensitivity; however, an increasingly important by-product of this search is to measure {nu}p {yields} {nu}p elastic scattering and determine the strange quark contribution, {Delta}s, to the spin of the proton. With the 800-MeV proton energy of LAMPF, neutrinos are produced from pion d… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Louis, W.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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nu/sub. mu. /C/sup 12/. -->. mu. /sup -/X cross section and nu/sub. mu. / - nu/sub e/ oscillation using the decay-in-flight source at Line-E of LAMPF

This paper describes an experiment to measure the nu/sub ..mu../C/sup 12/ ..-->.. ..mu../sup -/X cross section and to detect nu/sub ..mu../ - nu/sub e/ oscillations. A test run was completed last year. The detector has been calibrated and backgrounds are under study. The sensitivity of the experiment is estimated for the 1985 LAMPF run cycle to be +-20% for the cross section measurement and the 90% confidence level limits for the neutrino oscillation experiment are sin/sup 2/2THETA < 10/sup -3/… more

Date: January 1, 1984

Creator: Clearwater, S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Measurement of long-lived isotopes in fusion materials

Neutron cross section measurements are reviewed for the production of long-lived isotopes in fusion reactor materials. Samples were irradiated at 14.5 to 14.8 MeV at the RTNSII facility. Long-lived reaction products were detected using gamma and x-ray spectroscopy, liquid scintillation spectrometry, and accelerator mass spectrometry. Radiochemical separations were performed for many samples prior to analysis. Results are summarized for reactions leading to /sup 26/Al (720,000 y), /sup 53/Mn (3,… more

Date: January 1, 1987

Creator: Greenwood, L.R. & Bowers, D.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Search for Neutrino Oscillations at the Brookhaven AGS

We report on a search for neutrino oscillations of the type nu/sub ..mu../ ..-->.. nu/sub e/ in a detector located an effective distance of 96m from the neutrino source in the wide band neutrino beam at the Brookhaven AGS. No excess of electron events was observed. The resulting upper limit on the strength of the mixing between nu/sub ..mu../ and nu/sub e/ in the case of large mass difference ..delta..m/sup 2/ = absolute value m/sub 1//sup 2/ - m/sub 2//sup 2/ between the neutrino mass eigensta… more

Date: February 20, 1985

Creator: Ahrens, L. A.; Aronson, S. H.; Connolly, P. L.; Gibbard, B. G.; Murtagh, M. J.; Murtagh, S. J. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Liquid-scintillation alpha-detection techniques

Accurate, quantitative determinations of alpha-emitting nuclides by conventional plate-counting methods are difficult because of sample self-absorption problems in counting and because of non-reproducible losses in conventional sample separation methods. Liquid scintillation alpha spectrometry offers an attractive with no sample self-absorption or geometry problems and with 100% counting efficiency. Sample preparation may include extraction of the alpha emitter of interest by a specific organic… more

Date: 1983~

Creator: McKlveen, John W. & McDowell, W. J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Aqueous effluent tritium monitor development

The development of a low-level tritium monitor for aqueous effluents has explored several potential techniques. In one method, a water-immiscible liquid scintillation cocktail was ultrasonically mixed with an aqueous sample to form a water-cocktail dispersion which was analyzed by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The organic cocktail could then be reused after phase separation. Of the cocktails tested, the highest tritium detection efficiency (7%) was determined for a toluene-based cocktail. … more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Hofstetter, K.J. & Wilson, H.T.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Some history of liquid scintillator development at Los Alamos

The early developments in liquid scintillation counting made at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory are reviewed. Most of the work was under the direction of F.N. Hayes and included counter development and applications as well as synthesis and chemistry of liquid scintillators.

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Ott, Donald G.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Multi-energy neutron detector for counting thermal neutrons, high-energy neutrons, and gamma photons separately

The need for an improved, compact, wide-energy neutron detector for neutron monitoring and surveillance in nuclear facilities and weapons storage, where a possibility of fission excursion exists, led to development of a single detector that is sensitive to thermal neutrons, high-energy neutrons, and gamma radiation. Previously, separate detectors have been required to count these three different radiations separately. This development is a great advantage when experimental space is limited. 4 f… more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Chiles, M. M. & McElhaney, S. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Tritium monitoring system for near ambient measurements

This paper describes the current status of research on an improved tritium measurement system at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the US Navy. Present tritium-in-air monitoring systems installed by the Navy can reliably measure to less than 10 {mu}Ci/m{sup 3}, but medical and safety issues are pushing measurement needs to below 1 {mu}Ci/m{sup 3}, which is equivalent to 1--10 nCi/ml in liquid samples, using calcium metal converter. A significant effort has been expended over the past… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Falter, K.G. & Bauer, M.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Data Acquisition for a Large Neutrino Detector

A hierarchical, distributed intelligence data acquisition system which has been used for the past two years in neutrino experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory is described. Performance characteristics and the nature of problems encountered in bringing the system to maturity are discussed and some generalizations of the experience are suggested.

Date: January 1, 1983

Creator: Ahrens, L. A.; Aronson, S. A. & Connolly, P. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Planning for the next generation of proton-decay experiments in the United States

There are now three well-developed proposals for new proton decay detectors to be built in the United States. These are the 1000 to 5000-ton Soudan 2 tracking calorimeter, the 1400-ton Homestake II liquid scintillator Tracking Spectrometer, and the 2500-ton University of Pennsylvania liquid-scintillator - proportional-drift-cell calorimeter. These proposals were reviewed by the Department of Energy Technical Assessment Panel on Proton Decay in February 1982. I shall describe the Soudan and Penn… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Ayres, D.S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Development of neutron multiplicity counters for safeguards assay

This paper reports on the development of a new generation of neutron multiplicity counters for assaying impure plutonium. The new counters will be able to obtain three measured parameters from the neutron multiplicity distribution and will be able to determine sample mass, multiplication, and (..cap alpha..,n) reaction rate, making it possible to obtain a more matrix-independent assay of moist or impure materials. This paper describes the existing prototype multiplicity counters and evaluates t… more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Ensslin, N.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Fiber optic neutron imaging system: calibration

Two neutron imaging experiments using fiber optics have been performed at the Nevada Test Site. In each experiment, an array of scintillator fluor tubes is exposed to neutrons. Light is coupled out through radiation resistant PCS fibers (8-m long) into high-bandwidth, graded index fibers. For image reconstruction to be accurate, common timing differences and transmission variations between fiber optic channels are needed. The calibration system featured a scanning pulsed dye laser, a specially … more

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: Malone, R. M.; Gow, C. E. & Thayer, D. R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Liquid-helium scintillation detection with germanium photodiodes

Special high-purity germanium photodiodes have been developed for the direct detection of vacuum ultraviolet scintillations in liquid helium. The photodiodes are immersed in the liquid helium, and scintillations are detected through one of the bare sides of the photodiodes. Test results with scintillation photons produced by 5.3-MeV ..cap alpha.. particles are presented. The use of these photodiodes as liquid-helium scintillation detectors may offer substantial improvements over the alternate d… more

Date: May 1, 1982

Creator: Luke, Paul N.; Haller, E. E. & Steiner, Herbert M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Neutron spectrum measurements for radiation protection purposes

The energy spectra of low-intensity neutron sources used for calibrating personnel neutron dose-rate meters and dosimeters and for characterizing the neutron fields to which personnel are exposed were measured. Several detector-analyzer systems that will measure in the energy range 50 keV to 20 MeV at intensities from 10/sup -1/ to 10/sup 5/ n/cm/sup 2/-s are described. The systems include NE213 and stilbene organic scintillators as well as H/sub 2/, /sup 3/He, and CH/sub 4/ proportional counte… more

Date: February 21, 1978

Creator: Slaughter, D.R.; Rueppel, D.W. & Fuess, D.A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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NUTSPEC: a program for unfolding neutron spectral data obtained with scintillation detectors and gas proportional counters

NUTSPEC, an interactive program available on the LLL CDC 7600 Octopus Network computers, unfolds neutron spectral data obtained with NE213 and stilbene scintillation detectors, as well as CH/sub 4/, H/sub 2/, and /sup 3/He gas proportional counters. This document explains how to obtain and execute the program, and describes the input and output data formats used by NUTSPEC. Examples of input files and output plots, along with the user/program interactions, are shown. NUTSPEC also has various gr… more

Date: January 30, 1978

Creator: Slaughter, D.R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Neutrino proton scattering and the isosinglet term

Elastic neutrino proton scattering is sensitive to the SU(3) axial isosinglet term which is in turn dependent on the strangeness content of the proton. The uncertainties in the analysis of a neutrino proton elastic scattering experiment are discussed, and an experiment which is insensitive to many of the difficulties of the previous experiment is described.

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: White, D. Hywel

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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High Energy Physics Program at Texas A and M University

The high energy physics program has continued its experimental activities over. In CDF, the Texas A M group has led an effort to design an upgrade for the silicon vertex detector, and is currently working with the rest of the collaboration on the next major data taking run. In MACRO, work was done on the development of the final version of the wave form digitizing system being implemented for the entire scintillator system. This work is nearing completion, and the system is expected to be up an… more

Date: November 1992

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Experimental Investigations in Particle Physics at Intermediate Energies Preformance Report: December 1991-November 1992

The major emphasis of this project continues to be on fundamental symmetries and parameters of the Standard Model. A test of a quark model prediction was also done. The projects in the current period have been the following: LSND, a neutrino oscillation experiment at LAMPF; E791, a search for the decays K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}e and K{sub L}{sup 0} {yields} ee; E871, tests and preparations for an upgrade proposal; and E888, a search for the H dibaryon. The LSND (Large Scintillator Neutrino… more

Date: July 12, 1992

Creator: Auerbach, L. B.; Highland, V. L.; McFarlane, K. W. & Kettell, S. H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Studies of nuclei using radioactive beams. [Space Astronomy Lab., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Florida]

The 12 month period from May 1988 to July 1989 represents the first full year of our 18 month pilot program in nuclear structure research. In this period, research was initiated to develop a capability for radioactive secondary beams at Argonne National Laboratory using the Atlas and the new Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA), which is currently under construction. Two major new detector facilities are currently in the final stages of design and testing. The Large-Area, Scintillator Telescope (LAST) … more

Date: July 1, 1989

Creator: Piercey, R .B.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department