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in creator/contributor: "Richmond, D.R."  
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Comparative nuclear effects of biomedical interest. Civil effects study

Description: Selected physical and biological data bearing upon the environmental variations created by nuclear explosions are presented in simplified form. Emphasis is placed upon the ``early`` consequences of exposure to blast, thermal radiation, and ionizing radiation to elucidate the comparative ranges of the major effects as they vary with explosive yield and as they contribute to the total hazard to man. A section containing brief definitions of the terminology employed is followed by a section that u… more
Date: January 12, 1961
Creator: White, C.S.; Bowen, I.G.; Richmond, D.R. & Corsbie, R.L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Internal Environment of Underground Structures Subjected to Nuclear Blast. Ii. Effects on Mice Located in Heavy Concrete Shelters

Description: A cage containing 20 mice was placed in each of 12 underground shelters in an attempt to assess biologically the inside environment of the shelters. Two samples of 20 mice each acted as controls. The structures, of French and German design, were located at ranges between 840 ft and 4320 ft from Ground Zero. A nuclear device was exploded atop a 700-ft tower and had a yield of 43 kt. All but one group of mice were recovered on D + 2 days. Aside from two samples placed in unrealistic locations, al… more
Date: September 1, 1959
Creator: Richmond, D. R.; White, C. S.; Sanchez, R. T. & Sherping, F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comparative Nuclear Effects of Biomedical Interest

Description: Selected physical and biological data bearing upon the environmental variations created by nuclear explosions are presented. Emphasis is placed upon the early consequences of exposure to blast, thermal radiation, and ionizing radiation to elucidate the comparative ranges of the major effects as they vary with explosive yield and as they brief definitions of the terminology employed is followed by a section that utilizes text and tabular material to set forth events that follow nuclear explosion… more
Date: September 1, 1960
Creator: White, C. S.; Bowen, I. G.; Richmond, D. R. & Corsbie, R. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Missile Studies With a Biological Target

Description: Fourteen dogs located on the lee side of planted gravel, of a concrete- block wall, and of glass mounted in the open and in houses were exposed to the environmental variations associated with full-scale nuclear detonations. Aluminum foil was used to protect the animals from thermal effects. The missile environment was monitored through the use of quantitutive missile-trapping techniques. Pressure-time variations in the environment were also recorded. Biologic damage from overpressure and missil… more
Date: April 1, 1960
Creator: Goldizen, V. C.; Richmond, D. R.; Chiffelle, T. L.; Bowen, I. G. & White, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Blast Biology. Technical Progress Report

Description: Experimental data regarding the biologic consequences of exposure to several environmental variations associated with actual and simulated explosive detonations were reviewed. Blast biology is discussed relative to primary, secondary, tentiary, and miscellaneous blast effects as those attributable, respectively, to variations in environmental pressure, trauma from blast-produced missiles (both penetrating and nonpenetrating), the consequences of physical displacement of biological targets by bl… more
Date: September 18, 1959
Creator: White, C. S. & Richmond, D. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Effects of Pressure Phenomena Occurring Inside Protective Shelters Following a Nuclear Detonation

Description: In two series of experiments 277 experimental animals, including 66 dogs, 52 rabbits, 52 guinea pigs, 63 rats, and 44 mice, were exposed under selected conditions in six different general types of instrumented above- and belowground shelters to blast produced by nuclear explosions. The distance of the several structures from Ground Zero ranged from 1050 to 5500 ft. The most severe alterations in the pressure environment occurring inside the structures followed the detonation of a nuclear device… more
Date: October 1, 1956
Creator: White, C. S.; Chiffelle, T. L.; Richmond, D. R.; Lockyear, W. H.; Bowen, I. G.; Goldizen, V. C. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A Tentative Estimation of Man's Tolerance to Overpressures From Air Blast. Technical Progress Report

Description: Tentative estimates of the sharp''-rising overpressures as a function of duration which represent a lethal hazard to the 70-kg animal 1, 50, and 99% of the time were presented. The predictions were based on interspecies correlations and extrapolations encompassing blast-tolerance data for six mammalian species. The tentative application of the data to indicate human blast tolerance was discussed and relevant uncertainties in the estimates were emphasized. It was also pointed out that biologic t… more
Date: November 1, 1962
Creator: Richmond, D. R. & White, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Environmental Medical Aspects of Nuclear Blast. Technical Progress Report

Description: The nature of certain critical lesions seen after exposure to air blast is described. The early lethality characterizing primary and tertiary blast damage is emphasized along with the seriousness of injuries caused by blastenergized debris. Tentative criteria are developed to the end that different levels of environmental variations caused by blast phenomena could be quantitatively related to various levels of biological response. Using the free- field scaling laws and a mathematical model wher… more
Date: November 1, 1962
Creator: White, C. S.; Bowen, I. G. & Richmond, D. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Overpressure-Duration Relationship and Lethality in Small Animals. Technical Progress Report

Description: A total of 993 mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits were exposed to sharp-rising overpressures of various short durations. They were mounted on a concrete pad above which high-explosive charges, ranging in weight from 0.50 oz to 64 lbs, were detonated. Pressure-time measurements were obtained with pencil- type and shock-tube piezo-electric gauges on the pad directly beneath the charges. The duration of the blast waves ranged from 0.40 to 6.8 msec. The LD/sub 50/ pressures were calculated for ea… more
Date: September 10, 1962
Creator: Richmond, D. R.; Goldizen, V. C.; Clare, V. R. & White, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tertiary Blast Effects: The Effects of Impact on Mice, Rats, Guinea Pigs and Rabbits. Technical Progress Report

Description: A total of 455 mlce, rats, gulnea plgs, and rabbits was subjected to lmpact at velocitles ranglng between 25 ft/sec and 51 ft/sec. The deslred velocities were generated by allowlng the anlmals to free-fall from various helghts to a flat concrete pad. The ventral surface of each anlmal was the area of impact. Problt analyses of the 24-hr mortallty data ylelded LD/sub 50/ lmpact veloclties with 95% confldence limits as follows: mouse, 39.4 (37.4 to 42.0) ft/ sec; rat, ft/sec; and rabbit, 31.7 (30… more
Date: February 28, 1961
Creator: Richmond, D. R.; Bowen, I. G. & White, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mortality in Small Animals Exposed in a Shock Tube To "Sharp"-Rising Overpressures of 3-4 Msec Duration. Technical Progress Report

Description: A total of 661 animals was exposed to sharp''-rising overpressures of 3 to 4 msec duration using a shock tube of novel design which produced a pressure pulse similar to that obtained with high explosives. The reflected shock overpressures associated with 50% lethality were 29.0, rabbit, respectively. Other observations included the time of death in mortally wounded animals and gross pathological lesions likely to contribute to mortality. Selected data from the literature bearing upon the influe… more
Date: June 15, 1961
Creator: Richmond, D. R.; Goldizen, V. C.; Clare, V. R.; Pratt, D. R.; Sherping, F.; Sanchez, R. T. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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