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A History of the Bass Tuba and Its Use in the Symphony Orchestra

Description: This study has been prepared for the purpose of showing the development of the modern bass tuba through all stages, from its earliest ancestors to its present form. Also by the use of examples, it is hoped that the treatment of the instrument in selected orchestral works will show in some ways how it has and can be used.
Date: August 1950
Creator: Sealy, Byford Gayle
Partner: UNT Libraries

[Wire to the Axis]

Description: A serpent made of metal wears a helmet with a swastika on it. The serpent has long tail, sharp teeth, and a long snout. Smoke billows in background. Metal beams in a "V" formation appear to approach the serpent from the upper left area of the poster.
Date: unknown
Creator: Artzybasheff, Boris, 1899-1965.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Serpent and Ophicleide as Instruments of Romantic Color in Selected Works by Mendelssohn, Berlioz and Wagner

Description: Traditional scholarship has stated that the serpent and ophicleide (as well as their successor, the tuba) were developed and added to the standard orchestra to add a bass voice to the brass, allowing a tonal compass to match a similar downward expansion in the strings and woodwinds. A closer reading of the earliest scores calling for these instruments reveals a more coloristic purpose, related to timbre as much as to compass. Indeed, the fact that composers rarely wrote for serpent and ophiclei… more
Date: December 2006
Creator: Morgan, Richard Sanborn
Partner: UNT Libraries
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