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Energy from biological processes

Description: This assessment responds to a request by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation for an evaluation of the energy potential of various sources of plant and animal matter (biomass). This report complements an earlier OTA report on the Application of Solar Technology to Today's Energy Needs in evaluating the major solar energy resources available to the United States. The findings also will serve as part of the material to be used in an upcoming OTA assessment of synthetic fu… more
Date: July 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 2. Mid-American Solar Energy Complex Region

Description: This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. … more
Date: July 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Economic impact of using nonmetallic materials in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction. Volume 1

Description: The results are presented of an exhaustive literature search and evaluation concerning the properties and economics of commercially available nonmetallic well casing and screens. These materials were studied in terms of their use in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction.
Date: December 1, 1979
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 1. Northeast Solar Energy Center Region

Description: This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. … more
Date: July 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Raman microprobe investigation of molecular structure and organization in the native state of woody tissue

Description: Although the primary emphasis of our program has remained with the application of Raman spectroscopy to the study of native tissue, the scope of the work has been expanded to include a number of complementary approaches. These have included Solid State 13C NMR, autoradiography of radiolabeled woody tissue sections, and the generation of biomimetic tertiary aggregates which simulate states of aggregation characteristic of cell walls. Our Raman spectroscopic studies have resulted in progress in t… more
Date: August 1, 1989
Creator: Atalla, R.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 4. Western Solar Utilization Network Region

Description: This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. … more
Date: July 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fire protection countermeasures for containment ventilation systems

Description: The goal of this project is to find countermeasures to protect High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters, in exit ventilation ducts, from the heat and smoke generated by fire. Initially, methods were developed to cool fire-heated air by fine water spray upstream of the filters. It was recognized that smoke aerosol exposure to HEPA filters could also cause disruption of the containment system. Through testing and analysis, several methods to partially mitigate the smoke exposure to the HEPA… more
Date: August 25, 1980
Creator: Alvares, N.; Beason, D.; Bergman, V.; Creighton, J.; Ford, H. & Lipska, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Controlled air incineration of hazardous chemical waste at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. [Polychlorinated biphenyl, pentachlorophenol]

Description: An incineration system, originally demonstrated as a transuranic (TRU) waste volume-reduction process, is described. The production-scale controlled air incinerator using commercially available equipment and technology was modified for solid radioactive waste service. The same incinerator and offgas treatment system has been modified further for use in evaluating the destruction of hazardous liquid wastes such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hazardous solid wastes such as pentachlorophe… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Stretz, L. A.; Borduin, L. C.; Draper, W. E.; Koenig, R. A. & Vavruska, J. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Role of temperate zone forests in the world carbon cycle: problem definition and research needs

Description: The proceedings of a workshop on carbon uptake and losses from temperate zone forests are presented. The goals of the workshop were to analyze existing data on growth and utilization of the temperate zone forest carbon pool and to identify further research needs in relation to the role of temperate forests in the global carbon cycle. Total standing stock and growth recovery transients were examined for most of the temperate region over a period from pre-settlement times to the present, with emp… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Armentano, T.V. & Hett, J. (eds.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Methane or methanol via catalytic gasification of biomass

Description: Methane and methanol synthesis gas can be produced by steam gasification of biomass in the presence of appropriate catalysts. A 5 cm diameter reactor has been used to determine the desired catalysts and operating temperature. A process development unit (PDU) has demonstrated steam gasification of biomass with catalysts at rates up to 35 kg per hour. Methane yields of 0.28 nm/sup 3/ per kg of dry wood were produced in the small laboratory reactor. Further methanation of the product gas mixture c… more
Date: March 1, 1980
Creator: Mitchell, D. H.; Mudge, L. K.; Robertus, R. J.; Weber, S. L. & Sealock, L. J. Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pilot plant studies of the bioconversion of cellulose and production of ethanol

Description: Progress is reported in the following studies on analysis and evaluation of potential raw materials: preliminary pretreatment studies using wheat straw; extraction of wheat straw with alcohol and water at elevated temperatures; extraction of ground wood with alcohol and water at elevated temperatures; and, delignification of newsprint with ethylene glycol. Other research in progress includes studies on: utilization of hemicellulose sugars; process design and economics of hydrolysis processes an… more
Date: June 30, 1977
Creator: Wilke, C.R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Numerical analysis of heat transfer by conduction and natural convection in loose-fill fiberglass insulation--effects of convection on thermal performance

Description: A two-dimensional code for solving equations of convective heat transfer in porous media is used to analyze heat transfer by conduction and convection in the attic insulation configuration. The particular cases treated correspond to loose-fill fiberglass insulation, which is characterized by high porosity and air permeability. The effects of natural convection on the thermal performance of the insulation are analyzed for various densities, permeabilities, and thicknesses of insulation. With con… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Delmas, A. A. & Wilkes, K. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of processes for producing gasoline from wood. Final report

Description: Three processes for producing gasoline from wood by pyrolysis have been investigated. Technical and economic comparisons among the processes have been made, based on a hypothetical common plant size of 2000 tons per day green wood chip feedstock. In order to consider the entire fuel production process, the energy and cost inputs for producing and delivering the feedstock were included in the analysis. In addition, perspective has been provided by comparisons of the wood-to-gasoline technologies… more
Date: May 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Micro-level land use impacts of bioconversion

Description: The energy crisis has prompted research and development of renewable energy sources, among which are the bioconversion technologies. Crops, crop residues, manure and other organic wastes are potential sources of liquid, solid and gaseous fuels. These feedstocks originate on the farm or in the forest and therefore are land intensive. Implementation of the bioconversion technologies will involve actions which will impact existing land use patterns. Because of differences in crop type, yield per a… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Parsons, V.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Chemistry and stoichiometry of wood liquefaction

Description: The approximate stoichiometry of liquefaction, from data of two PDU runs and a laboratory run is Wood (100 g) + CO (0.1 - 0.4 Mol) ..-->.. CO/sub 2/ (0.5 - 1.0 Mol) + H/sub 2/O (0.4 - 0.8 Mol) + Product (55 - 64 g). Product includes wood oil, water soluble organics and residues. Water is formed by decomposition, carbon dioxide by decomposition and reduction of wood oxygen by CO. Aqueous products include many carboxylic acids plus a roughly equal percentage of non-acids. The wood oil is divided … more
Date: June 1, 1981
Creator: Davis, H. G.; Kloden, D. J. & Schaleger, L. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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F.C.D.A. Family Shelter Evaluation

Description: In order to determine the effects of atomic explosions on small civil defense shelters for family use, 29 simple structures were built along an arc 1200 ft from the target point and exposed to Buster Bursts B, C, and D. The structures were of four basic types; covered-trench, metal-arch, wood-arch, and basement lean-to. Because of poor cohesive properties of the soil, much of the earth cover on the shelters was removed by the first shot. Since test procedures prevented restoration of structures… more
Date: March 1, 1952
Creator: Flynn, A. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research on the pyrolysis of hardwood in an entrained bed process development unit

Description: An atmospheric flash pyrolysis process, the Georgia Tech Entrained Flow Pyrolysis Process, for the production of liquid biofuels from oak hardwood is described. The development of the process began with bench-scale studies and a conceptual design in the 1978--1981 timeframe. Its development and successful demonstration through research on the pyrolysis of hardwood in an entrained bed process development unit (PDU), in the period of 1982--1989, is presented. Oil yields (dry basis) up to 60% were… more
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Kovac, R. J.; Gorton, C. W.; Knight, J. A.; Newman, C. J. & O'Neil, D. J. (Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA (United States). Research Inst.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Oxygen/steam gasification of wood

Description: Yields from fixed-bed gasification of stoker fuel, pressed planar shavings, are presented for air/steam operation and oxygen/steam operation at four different compositions. The wood carbon distributes between gas products and liquid products in the respective ranges of 75 to 80 wt% and 20 to 25 wt%. The cold gas efficiencies, defined as the combustible energy in the gas divided by the heat of combustion of the wood, were 60% for operation with an air-to-steam weight ratio of 10, 52%, 61%, 59%, … more
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Mudge, L.K.; Ham, D.G.; Weber, S.L. & Mitchell, D.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pyrolysis mechanisms. Quarterly report, April-June 1981

Description: The data acquisition system for fast pyrolysis studies is summarized and discussed, based on preliminary applications to fast scans and peak switching of the quadrupole mass spectrometer. The free-jet expansion phenomena of internal-state cooling and clustering are discussed in terms of their relevance to pyrolysis product sampling interpretation. Primary pyrolysis spectra are shown for cotton, wood, and steam-exploded extracted lignin. Both pulsed and steady-state pyrolysis were used to observ… more
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Milne, T.A. & Soltys, M.N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 3. Southern Solar Energy Center Region

Description: This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. … more
Date: July 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Design options for low-conductivity window frames

Description: The window industry's commercialization of low-emissivity coatings and low-conductivity gas-filling over the past few years has helped to drastically reduce heat transfer rates through the glazed areas of windows. However, few changes have taken place in the design and construction of window frames and edges, leaving these elements to account for most of the heat transfer through today's state-of-the-art windows. This paper presents design and material requirements for the manufacture of low-co… more
Date: October 1, 1990
Creator: Byars, N. & Arasteh, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Transmission factors for the penetration of neutron and photon fluence into wood-frame dwellings, 1990 (TF90)

Description: An earlier study at Oak Ridge calculated radiation doses to persons inside reinforced concrete buildings during the exposure at Nagasaki. The DS86'' study conducted at several laboratories in the United States and Japan concentrated on persons inside wood-frame dwellings at both Nagasaki and Hiroshima. The present study is directed toward applying the general technical approach of the DS86. Numerous simplifications were indicated as a result of the earlier research, and the numerical results ar… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Rhoades, W. A.; Lillie, R. A. & Emmett, M. B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Health Effects of Subchronic Inhalation of Simulated Downwind Coal Combustion Emissions

Description: The purpose of this project was to conduct a comprehensive laboratory-based evaluation of selected respiratory and cardiac health hazards of subchronic (up to 6 months) inhalation of simulated key components of 'downwind plume' emissions of coal combustion. This project was performed as an integral part of a joint government-industry program termed the 'National Environmental Respiratory Center' (NERC), which is aimed at disentangling the roles of different physical-chemical air pollutants and … more
Date: January 7, 2009
Creator: Mauderly, Joe
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Metagenomic and Functional Analysis of Hindgut Microbiota of a Wood-Feeding Higher Termite

Description: From the standpoints of both basic research and biotechnology, there is considerable interest in reaching a clearer understanding of the diversity of biological mechanisms employed during lignocellulose degradation. Globally, termites are an extremely successful group of wood-degrading organisms and are therefore important both for their roles in carbon turnover in the environment and as potential sources of biochemical catalysts for efforts aimed at converting wood into biofuels. Only recently… more
Date: October 1, 2007
Creator: Warnecke, Falk; Warnecke, Falk; Luginbuhl, Peter; Ivanova, Natalia; Ghassemian, Majid; Richardson, Toby H. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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