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Design and operation of an inert gas facility for thermoelectric generator storage

Description: While the flight hardware is protected by design from the harsh environments of space, its in-air storage often requires special protection from contaminants such as dust, moisture and other gases. One of these components, the radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) which powers the missions, was deemed particularly vulnerable to pre-launch aging because the generators remain operational at core temperatures in excess of 1000 degrees centigrade throughout the storage period. Any oxygen perm… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Goebel, C. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Milliwatt Generator Project

Description: This report covers progress on the Milliwatt Generator Project from April 1986 through March 1988. Activities included fuel processing and characterization, production of heat sources, fabrication of pressure-burst test units, compatibility studies, impact testing, and examination of surveillance units. The major task of the Los Alamos Milliwatt Generator Project is to fabricate MC2893A heat sources (4.0 W) for MC2730A radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGS) and MC3599 heat sources (4.5 W… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Latimer, T.W. & Rinehart, G.H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A prototype on-line work procedure system for radioisotope thermoelectric generator production

Description: An on-line system to manage work procedures is being developed to support radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) assembly and testing in a new production facility. This system implements production work procedures as interactive electronic documents executed at the work site with no intermediate printed form. It provides good control of the creation and application of work procedures and provides active assistance to the worker in performing them and in documenting the results. An extensiv… more
Date: September 1, 1991
Creator: Kiebel, G.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ir/PuO/sub 2/ compatibility: transfer of impurities from plutonium dioxide to iridium metal during high temperature aging

Description: Plutonium oxide fuel pellets for powering radioisotopic thermoelectric generators for NASA space vehicles are encapsulated in iridium which has been grain-boundary-stabilized with thorium and aluminum. After aging for 6 months at 1310/sup 0/C under vacuum, enhanced grain growth is observed in the near-surface grains of the iridium next to the PuO/sub 2/. Examination of the grain boundaries by AES and SIMS shows a depletion of thorium and aluminum. Iron, chromium, and nickel from the fuel were f… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Taylor, D. H.; Christie, W. H. & Pavone, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Statistical analysis and planning of multihundred-watt impact tests

Description: Modular multihundred-watt (MHW) radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG's) are used as a power source for spacecraft. Due to possible environmental contamination by radioactive materials, numerous tests are required to determine and verify the safety of the RTG. There are results available from 27 fueled MHW impact tests regarding hoop failure, fingerprint failure, and fuel failure. Data from the 27 tests are statistically analyzed for relationships that exist between the test design variab… more
Date: October 1, 1977
Creator: Martz, H.F. Jr. & Waterman, M.S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Space nuclear safety program. Progress report, August 1983

Description: This technical monthly report covers studies related to the use of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ in radioisotope power systems carried out for the Office of Special Nuclear Projects of the US Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory. Most of the studies discussed here are ongoing. Results and conclusions described may change as the work continues.
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Bronisz, S. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental and radiological safety studies: Interaction of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ heat sources with terrestrial and aquatic environments. Progress report, September 26-December 25, 1981

Description: Although existing radioisotope thermoelectric generator designs have proved more than adequately safe, more information is continually sought about the heat sources to improve their safety. The work here includes studies of the effects on the heat sources of terrestrial and aquatic environments and also of the effect of the heat sources on various simulated environments. This progress report presents recent data from environmental chamber and aquatic experiments and gives the present status of … more
Date: February 1, 1982
Creator: Matlack, G. M. & Patterson, J. H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thermal vacuum life test facility for radioisotope thermoelectric generators

Description: In the late 1970's, the Department of Energy (DOE) assigned Monsanto Research Corporation, Mound Facility, now operated by EG G Mound Applied Technologies, the responsibility for assembling and testing General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Assembled and tested were five RTGs, which included four flight units and one non-flight qualification unit. Figure 1 shows the RTG, which was designed by General Electric AstroSpace Division (GE/ASD) to produce 285… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Deaton, R. L.; Goebel, C. J. & Amos, W. R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thermoelectric materials evaluation program. Technical summary report

Description: Research progress on the thermoelectric materials evaluation program is reported covering the period January 1, 1976 to September 30, 1978. Topical reports are presented on (1) hot and cold end ..delta..T's, (2) hardware mobility, (3) p-leg sublimation suppression, (4) thermodynamic stability of p-legs, (5) n-leg material process improvements to reduce extraneous resistance, (6) n-leg cracking, (7) dynamic evaluation of converter, and (8) data base and degradation modes. Twenty attachments are … more
Date: April 1979
Creator: Hinderman, J.D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Design options for the SP-100 thermoelectric nuclear space power plant

Description: Design options for the SP-100 Space Nuclear Power Plant (formerly SPAR) are reviewed that led to the current, radiatively coupled, baseline system design described in this paper. The selection of the radiative coupled configuration provides features that facilitate assembly, improves reliability and reduces the interactions between the nuclear and converter subsystem designs. Also the core design has continued to evolve incorporating individual fuel modules in the design.
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Koenig, D.R. & Ranken, W.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Milliwatt generator project. Progress report, April-September 1981

Description: This formal biannual report covers the effort related to the Milliwatt Generator Project (MWG) carried out for the Department of Energy, Office of Military Applications, by the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Most of the studies discussed here are of a continuing nature. Results and conclusions may change as the work continues. Published reference to the results cited in this report should not be made without the explicit permission of the person in charge of the work.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Maraman, W.J. (comp.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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General-purpose heat source development: Safety Verification Test Program. Titanium bullet/fragment test series

Description: The radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) that will provide power for the Galileo and Ulysses space missions contains 18 General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) modules. Each module contains four /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/-fueled clads and generates 250 W(t). Because the possibility of launch-pad or postlaunch explosion exists and because any explosion would generate a field of high-energy fragments, the fueled clads within each GPHS module must be able to survive fragment impact. In this test series… more
Date: June 1, 1986
Creator: George, T.G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Creep properties of forged 2219 T6 aluminum alloy shell of general-purpose heat source-radioisotope thermoelectric generator

Description: The shell (2219 T6 aluminum forging) of the General Purpose Heat Source-Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator was designed to retain the generator under sufficient elastic stress to secure it during space flight. A major concern was the extent to which the elastic stress would relax by creep. To determine acceptability of the shell construction material, the following proof tests simulating service were performed: 600 h of testing at 270/sup 0/C under 24.1 MPa stress followed by 10,000 h of sto… more
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Hammond, J.P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Space Nuclear Safety Program. Progress report

Description: This technical monthly report covers studies related to the use of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ in radioisotope power systems carried out for the Office of Special Nuclear Projects of the US Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory. Most of the studies discussed here are ongoing. Results and conclusions described may change as the work continues.
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Bronisz, S. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Recent developments in thermoacoustically-driven low-frequency projectors

Description: Thermoacoustic engines are a recent class of devices that can efficiently convert heat to acoustic energy without moving parts or intervening mechanisms. These engines have a natural potential for powering low-frequency sonar projectors with high reliability and efficiencies that cannot be matched by conventional technologies. A recent design study has produced thermoacoustic projector configurations that can execute standard projector performance requirements such as FM sweep and velocity magn… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Ward, W.C. & Merrigan, M.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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SNAP 19 Pioneer F and G. Final report

Description: The generator developed for the Pioneer mission evolved from the SNAP 19 RTG's launched aboard the NIMBUS III spacecraft. In order to satisfy the power requirements and environment of earth-escape trajectory, significant modifications were made to the thermoelectric converter, heat source, and structural configuration. Specifically, a TAGS-2N thermoelectric couple was designed to provide higher efficiency and improved long term power performance, and the electrical circuitry was modified to yie… more
Date: June 1, 1973
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thermodynamic study of the MWG system/components and measurement of the oxygen partial pressure in the heat source capsule

Description: A thermodynamic study of the Milliwatt Generator heat source capsule was performed to determine the effects of the oxide fuel on container materials at elevated temperatures in order to evaluate the factors affecting embrittlement of T-111 alloy. The study indicates that relatively slow oxidation of the T-111 of the capsule occurs during pretreatment. Yttrium added to the /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ fuel charge is functioning in its designed role as an oxygen getter and is stabilizing at an O/Pu ratio … more
Date: June 23, 1980
Creator: David, D.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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SNAP-21 program, Phase II. Deep sea radioisotope-fueled thermoelectric generator power supply system. Final design description, 10-watt system

Description: The SNAP-21 10-W system provides electrical power for use under the surface of the sea. It functions by converting the heat from a decaying radioisotope fuel into useful electrical energy. This heat energy is converted into electrical energy by a thermoelectric generator. Semiconductor-type thermoelectric materials, maintained in a temperature gradient, accomplish the conversion. The isotopic fuel supplies heat to the thermoelectric materials and sea water acts as the heat sink to maintain the … more
Date: October 1969
Creator: Wickenberg, R. F. & Harris, W. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Testing and evaluation of doubly impacted simulant-fueled Milliwatt Generator heat sources

Description: As part of the Milliwatt Generator (MWG) Program, 12 simulant-fueled heat sources were fabricated double impact tested, and evaluated at Mound. Ten assemblies were tested at approx. 80 m/sec, and two were tested at approx. 105 m/sec. None of the strength members were breached; therefore, no fuel would have been released as a result of double impacts at the velocities and orientations tested at 450/sup 0/C. There was little difference in results for duplicate tests conducted approx. 80 and appro… more
Date: April 9, 1982
Creator: Teaney, P. E.; Cartmill, W. B. & Wise, R. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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/sup 238/PuO/sub 2//Mo-50 wt% Re compatibility at 800 and 1000/sup 0/C

Description: The compatibility of Mo-50 wt % Re with /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ was investigated after heat treatments of up to 720 days at 800/sup 0/C and 180 days at 1000/sup 0/C. At 800/sup 0/C, a 1-..mu..m thick, continuous layer of molybdenum oxide resulted. At 1000/sup 0/C, the oxide reaction product contained some plutonium and did not appear continuous. At 1000/sup 0/C, a layer of intermetallic formed at the Mo-Re edge, beneath the oxide layer, creating a barrier between the Mo-50 wt % Re and the /sup 238/… more
Date: July 18, 1980
Creator: Schaeffer, D. R. & Teaney, P. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thermoelectric generator testing and RTG degradation-mechanisms evaluation. Progress report No. 32

Description: Thermal conductivity tests of the older p-type were terminated after 22,000 hours. The n-type selenide legs after 8000 hours continue to show agreement with the 3M Company published data. In the ingradient testing after 10,200 hours the n-legs show comparable performance to the reported 3M data. A new station for ingradient performance testing of the new design p-type legs with the Astroquartz/slurry wrap was nearly completed. Weight loss testing of the new design p-type TPM217 (no partition) w… more
Date: October 1, 1979
Creator: Lockwood, A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Predicting fuel performance for SP-100 conditions

Description: This paper reports on methods for analyzing fuel designs proposed for the thermionic and thermoelectric concepts for SP-100 application. The proposed fuel design for the thermionic concept consisted of fully-enriched oxide fuel clad in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) tungsten, which also served as the emitter for the thermionic fuel element (TFE). The fuel density was 95% of theoretical with the linear heat rate flattened radially by removing fuel from the center of the fuel pellet. The fuel in… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Baars, R. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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