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Back Contact Effects on the Electro-Optical Properties of CdTe/CdS Solar Cells

Description: Studies of junction photoluminescence (PL) in CdTe/CdS solar cells reveal that back-contact application produces a dramatic qualitative change in the junction picosecond-PL spectrum. Prior to contact application, the spectrum has two peaks at energies of 1.501 eV and 1.457 eV, corresponding to recombination in regions of CdTeS alloy with 2% and 12% sulfur content, respectively. After contact application, the spectrum consists of a single broad peak at 1.48 eV. Previous studies have shown that t… more
Date: October 15, 1998
Creator: Levi, D. H.; Albin, D. S.; Gessert, T. A. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) & Woods, L. M. (Department of Electrical Engineering, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Reactive Plasma Upgrade of Squalane - a Heavy Oil Simulant

Description: U.S. light crude oil production has steadily declined over the last two decades. However, huge known heavy oil deposits in the North American continent remain largely untapped. In the past 10 years, the API gravity of crude oils has been decreasing by about 0.17% per year, and the sulfur content has been increasing by about 0.027% per year. As the API gravity of crude oil decreases, there will be an urgent need for economically viable new technologies to upgrade the heavy oil to a high API grav… more
Date: October 1, 1995
Creator: Kong, P. C.; Watkins, A. D.; Detering, B. A. & Thomas, C. P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A modified release analysis procedure using advanced froth flotation mechanisms. Final technical report, September 1, 1995--August 31, 1996

Description: Recent studies indicate that the optimum separation performances achieved by multiple stage cleaning using various column flotation technologies and single stage cleaning using a Packed-Flotation Column are superior to the performance achieved by the traditional release procedure, especially in terms of pyritic sulfur rejection. This superior performance is believed to be the result of the advanced flotation mechanisms provided by column flotation technologies. Thus, the objective of this study… more
Date: May 1, 1997
Creator: Honaker, R. Q. & Mohanty, M. K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The effect of potential upon the high-temperature fatigue crack growth response of low-alloy steels. Part 1: Crack growth results

Description: Corrosion-fatigue crack propagation experiments were conducted on several low-alloy steels in elevated temperature aqueous environments, and experimental parameters included temperature, sulfur content of the steel, applied potential level, and dissolved hydrogen (and in one case, dissolved oxygen) concentration in the water. Specimen potentials were controlled potentiostatically, and the observation (or non-observation) of accelerated fatigue crack growth rates was a complex function of the ab… more
Date: April 1, 1997
Creator: James, L. A. & Moshier, W. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Toxic Substances From Coal Combustion a Comprehensive Assessment

Description: The technical objectives of this project are: (a) To identify the effect of the mode-of-occurrence of toxic elements in coal on the partitioning of these elements among vapor, submicron fume, and fly ash during the combustion of pulverized coal, (b) To identify the mechanisms governing the post-vaporization interaction of toxic elements and major minerals or unburnt char, (c) To determine the effect of combustion environment (i.e., fuel rich or fuel lean) on the partitioning of trace elements a… more
Date: January 28, 1999
Creator: Kolker, A.; Sarofim, A. F.; Palmer, C. A.; Huggins, F. E.; Huffman, G. P.; Lighty, J, et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Production of Illinois base compliance coal using enhanced gravity separation. Technical report, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994

Description: It is well known that froth flotation is inefficient for treating fine coal fractions containing a significant portion of middling particles. On the other hand, gravity-based processes can effectively remove middling particles containing only a small amount of coal. Falcon Concentrators Inc. and Knelson Gold Concentrators Inc. have developed full-scale, enhanced gravity separators for the treatment of heavy minerals. This project is evaluating the potential of using these concentrators to treat… more
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Paul, B. C. & Honaker, R. Q.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels Applicable to LWR Core Internals.

Description: This report summarizes work performed at Argonne National Laboratory on irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of austenitic stainless steels that were irradiated in the Halden reactor in simulation of irradiation-induced degradation of boiling water reactor (BWR) core internal components. Slow-strain-rate tensile tests in BWR-like oxidizing water were conducted on 27 austenitic stainless steel alloys that were irradiated at 288 C in helium to 0.4, 1.3, and 3.0 dpa. Fractographi… more
Date: January 31, 2006
Creator: Chung, H. M.; Shack, W. J. & Technology, Energy
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Temperature and environmentally assisted cracking in low alloy steel

Description: Environmental assisted cracking (EAC) can be defined as the propagation of fatigue cracks in water at rates from 3 to over 40 times the growth rates in air. For low alloy steels with sulfur contents > 0.0125% by weight, EAC is normal behavior in the 240 to 290C range. However, literature yields mixed results for low alloy steels with compositions just below this sulfur level; some reports indicate EAC while others do not. Also, several authors have reported an increased tendency toward EAC when… more
Date: April 1, 1995
Creator: Auten, T. A. & Monter, J. V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Task 4.4 - development of supercritical fluid extraction methods for the quantitation of sulfur forms in coal

Description: Development of advanced fuel forms depends on having reliable quantitative methods for their analysis. Determination of the true chemical forms of sulfur in coal is necessary to develop more effective methods to reduce sulfur content. Past work at the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) indicates that sulfur chemistry has broad implications in combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, liquefaction, and coal-cleaning processes. Current analytical methods are inadequate for accurately measur… more
Date: April 1, 1995
Creator: Timpe, R. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Molten-Caustic-Leaching (Gravimelt) System Integration Project. Quarterly report, July--September 1989

Description: Operation of the Gravimelt Integrated Test Circuit for desulfurization and demineralization of coal has been completed. A 48-test process matrix was performed over 750 hours of operational time resulting in production of 3,000 pounds of treated coal suitable for further test and evaluation. Analysis of the several thousand data is underway. Assessment of coal material balance data shows an average 98% closure with 2% conversion of coal to humics and phenolics, 3% conversion to hydrogen and meth… more
Date: October 10, 1989
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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NONEQUILIBRIUM SULFUR CAPTURE AND RETENTION IN AN AIR COOLED SLAGGING COAL COMBUSTOR

Description: Calcium oxide injected in a slagging combustor reacts with the sulfur from coal combustion to form sulfur-bearing particles. They are deposited on the liquid slag layer on the combustor wall. Due to the low solubility of sulfur in slag, slag must be rapidly drained from the combustor to limit sulfur gas re-evolution. Analysis indicated that slag mass flow rates in excess of 400 lb/hr should limit sulfur re-evolution. The objective of this 42-month project was to perform a series of tests to det… more
Date: March 15, 1999
Creator: Zauderer, Dr. Bert
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Influence of sulfur in coals on char morphology and combustion. Technical report, 1 September 1991--30 November 1991

Description: During coal carbonization (pyrolysis), as during the combustion process of pulverized coal in a combustor, not all of the sulfur is released. Significant proportions become pat of the structure of the resultant coke and char. The combustion process of the char within the flames of the combustor in influenced dominantly by char morphology. This, in turn, controls the accessibility of oxidizing gases to the surfaces of the carbonaceous substance of the char. Mineral matter content, its extent and… more
Date: December 31, 1991
Creator: Marsh, H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Determination of sulfur compounds in coal by mass spectrometry, correlated with XANES and XPS

Description: The objective of this study is to identify important organic sulfur-containing compounds in the Argonne Premium Coals and in selected, separated coal macerals. In-source, desorption/pyrolysis high resolution mass spectrometry is being used to characterize the volatile species of whole coals, macerals, and their extracts. To examine the possibility of secondary reactions and undesirable selectivity, the MS data is compared to data from direct techniques, XANES and XPS. The MS results con-elate v… more
Date: March 1, 1993
Creator: Winans, R. E.; Melnikov, P. E.; Dyrkacz, G. R.; Bloomquist, C. A. A.; Gorbaty, M. L.; Kelemen, S. R. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Small oil-fired heating equipment: The effects of fuel quality

Description: The physical and chemical characteristics of fuel can affect its flow, atomization, and combustion, all of which help to define the overall performance of a heating system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of some important parameters of fuel quality on the operation of oil-fired residential heating equipment. The primary focus was on evaluating the effects of the fuel`s sulfur content, aromatics content, and viscosity. Since the characteristics of heating fuel are genera… more
Date: August 1, 1993
Creator: Litzke, W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Engineering development of advanced physical fine coal cleaning technologies - froth flotation. Quarterly technical progress report No. 23, April 1, 1994--June 30, 1994

Description: A study conducted by Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center of sulfur emissions from about 1,300 United States coal-fired utility boilers indicated that half of the emissions were the result of burning coals having greater than 1.2 pounds of SO{sub 2} per million BTU. This was mainly attributed to the high pyritic sulfur content of the boiler fuel. A significant reduction in SO{sub 2} emissions could be accomplished by removing the pyrite from the coals by advanced physical fine coal cleaning. An … more
Date: April 1, 1995
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation, engineering and development of advanced cyclone processes. Final separating media evaluation and test report (FSMER)

Description: {open_quotes}Evaluation Engineering and Development of Advanced Cyclone Processes{close_quotes} is one of the DOE-PETC sponsored advanced coal cleaning projects, which share a number of specific goals. These goals are to produce a 6% ash product, reject 85% of the parent coal`s pyritic sulfur, recover 85% of the parent coal`s Btu value, and provide products that are less than 30% moisture. The process in this project, as the name implies, relies on a cyclone or cyclonic separator to achieve phy… more
Date: May 19, 1995
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Tribological behavior of near-frictionless carbon coatings in high- and low-sulfur diesel fuels.

Description: The sulfur content in diesel fuel has a significant effect on diesel engine emissions, which are currently subject to environmental regulations. It has been observed that engine particulate and gaseous emissions are directly proportional to fuel sulfur content. With the introduction of low-sulfur fuels, significant reductions in emissions are expected. The process of sulfur reduction in petroleum-based diesel fuels also reduces the lubricity of the fuel, resulting in premature failure of fuel i… more
Date: January 19, 2000
Creator: Alzoubi, M. F.; Ajayi, O. O.; Eryilmaz, O. L.; Ozturk, O.; Erdemir, A. & Fenske, G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ohio Coal Testing and Development Facility - Construction and operation. Final report

Description: On June 14, 1987, the Ohio Coal Development Office (OCDO) executed a grant agreement with ICF Kaiser Engineers (ICF Kaiser) for the planning and design (Phase I) of a Demonstration Advanced Technology Coal Preparation Facility. Subsequently, on December 1, 1990, OCDO executed a grant agreement with the American Electric Power Service Corporation (AEPSC) through its subsidiary, the Ohio Power Company, for the final design and construction (Phase II), testing and operation (Phase III), and market… more
Date: March 1, 1996
Creator: Ferris, D.D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sulfur removal from high-sulfur Illinois coal by low-temperature perchloroethylene (PCE) extraction. Technical report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992

Description: A pre-combustion coal desulfurization process at 120{degree}C using perchloroethylene (PCE) to remove up to 70% of the organic sulfur has been developed by the Midwest Ore Processing Co. (MWOPC). However, this process has not yet proven to be as successful with Illinois coals as it has for Ohio and Indiana coals. In addition, the high levels of organic sulfur removals observed by the MWOPC may be due to certain errors involved in the ASTM data interpretation; this needs verification. For exampl… more
Date: September 1, 1992
Creator: Chou, M. I. M; Lytle, J. M.; Ruch, R. R.; Kruse, C. W.; Chaven, C.; Hackley, K. C. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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VHF EPR analysis of organic sulfur in coal. [Quarterly] technical report, September 1--November 20, 1991

Description: This report covers progress made in the first yearly quarter of a two year investigation using novel, very high frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (VHF EPR) spectroscopy techniques and instrumentation (one of only two W-band spectrometers in existence) developed earlier by these authors, to conduct further qualitative and quantitative studies of heteroatomic organic molecules in coal with particular emphasis on sulfur. Previous W-band (96 GHz) work is being extended to studies of new mod… more
Date: December 31, 1991
Creator: Clarkson, R. B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hydrothermal pretreatment of coal before molten caustic leaching

Description: A hydrothermal pretreatment of coal samples before caustic leaching results in efficient sulfur removal using reduced amounts of caustic and to recovery of a higher fraction of the energy content of the feed coal than caustic leaching without the pretreatment. Pretreating an Illinois No. 6 coal with boiling water followed by a float-sink separation using 50% aqueous NaOH as the heavy medium, and then leaching the floated coal with only the caustic adhering to the float portion (less than 1 part… more
Date: October 1, 1993
Creator: Akhtar, S. S. & Chriswell, C. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pilot Scale Single Stage Fine Coal Dewatering and Briquetting Process. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1995--August 31, 1996

Description: The primary goal of the ongoing ICCI coal preparation research project is to reduce ash and sulfur content in coal by using fine grinding and other coal cleaning processes. The ultrafine coal particles that result from the grinding and cleaning operations are difficult to dewater, and create problems in their storage, handling and transportation. The objective of this research is to combine the dewatering and briquetting processes of fine coal preparation into a single stage operation, thereby … more
Date: May 1, 1997
Creator: Wilson, J. W.; Honaker, R. Q. & Ding, Y.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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