23 Matching Results

Search Results

Advanced search parameters have been applied.

in subjects: "Slagging"

open access

The improvement of slagging gasifier refractories

Refractories play a vital role in slagging gasifier on-line availability and profitability for the next clean power generation system. A recent survey of gasifier users by USDOE indicated that a longer service life of refractories is the highest need among gasifier operators. Currently, Cr2O3 based refractories, the best of commercially available materials for use in slagging gasifiers, last between 3 and 24 months. Researchers at Albany Research Center (ARC) have identified structural spalling… more

Date: March 1, 2006

Creator: Kwong, K. -S.; Bennett, J. P.; Powell, C. A. & Krabbe, R. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Improving thermocouple service life in slagging gasifiers

The measurement of temperature within slagging gasifiers for long periods of time is difficult/impossible because of sensor failure or blockage of inputs used to monitor gasifier temperature. One of the most common means of temperature measurement in a gasifier is physically, through the use of thermocouples in a gasifier sidewall. These units can fail during startup, standby, or during the first 40-90 days of gasifier service. Failure can be caused by a number of issues; including thermocouple… more

Date: January 1, 2005

Creator: Bennett, James P.; Kwong, Kyei-Sing; Powell, Cynthia A.; Thomas, Hugh & Krabbe, Rick

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Decontamination of metals by melt refining/slagging. An annotated bibliography: Update on stainless steel and steel

The following presentation is an update to a previous annotation, i.e., WINCO-1138. The literature search and annotated review covers all metals used in the nuclear industries but the emphasis of this update is directed toward work performed on mild steels. As the number of nuclear installations undergoing decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) increases, current radioactive waste storage space is consumed and establishment of new waste storage areas becomes increasingly difficult, the probl… more

Date: January 1, 1995

Creator: Worchester, S. A.; Twidwell, L. G.; Paolini, D. J.; Weldon, T. A. & Mizia, R. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Evaluating the Relationship between Slabbing of Cr2O3/MgO Refractories Used in Steelmaking and Spalling of High Chrome Oxide Refractories Used in Gasification

Because of its excellent corrosion resistance and high temperature properties, chrome oxide refractories have been used in a number of severe service environments, including steelmaking and gasification. Refractory failure of Cr2O3/MgO or MgO/Cr2O3 refractories in steelmaking can involve a phenomena called slabbing, peeling, or chemical spalling. A similar failure mechanism exists in the high chrome oxide materials used in gasification. Gasifiers contain the reaction between a carbon feedstock,… more

Date: October 1, 2006

Creator: Bennett, J.P.; Thomas, H. & Kwong, K.-S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

New developments in gasifier refractories

For Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems, operational reliability depends in part upon the ability of the materials of construction to tolerate harsh, high-temperature environments for extended periods of time. The harshest conditions within an IGCC system occur inside the gasifier itself, where for slagging systems the environment includes elevated temperature and pressure, as well as the presence of corrosive slags and gases. Attempts to enhance gasifier performance by operat… more

Date: January 1, 2002

Creator: Dogan, Cynthia P.; Kwong, Kyei-Sing; Bennet, James P.; Chinn, Richard E. & Dahlin, Cheryl L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

An analysis of the causes of failure in high chrome oxide refractory materials from slagging gasifiers

High Cr2O3 refractory materials are used to line the hot face of slagging gasifiers. Gasifiers are reaction chambers that convert water, oxygen, and a carbon feedstock into CO, H2, and methane at temperatures as high as 1575DGC and pressures up to 1000 psi. Ash in the carbon feedstock liquefies, erodes and corrodes the gasifier's refractory liner, contributing to liner failure within a few months to two years. The failure of a refractory liner decreases a gasifier's on-line availability and cau… more

Date: January 1, 2006

Creator: Bennett, James P.; Kwong, Kyei-Sing; Powell, Cynthia A.; Thomas, Hugh & Krabbe, Rick

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Analysis of the causes of failure in high chrome oxide refractory materials from slagging gasifiers

High Cr2O3 refractory materials are used to line the hot face of slagging gasifiers. Gasifiers are reaction chambers that convert water, oxygen, and a carbon feedstock into CO, H2, and methane at temperatures as high as 1575oC and pressures up to 1000 psi. Ash in the carbon feedstock liquefies, erodes and corrodes the gasifier’s refractory liner, contributing to liner failure within a few months to two years. The failure of a refractory liner decreases a gasifier’s on-line availability and caus… more

Date: March 1, 2006

Creator: Bennett, J. P.; Kwong, K. -S.; Powell, C. A.; Thomas, H. & Krabbe, R. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Engineered refractoriers for slagging coal gasifiers

The widespread commercial adaptation of slagging gasifier technology to produce power, fuel, and/or chemicals from coal will depend in large measure on the technology's ability to prove itself both economic and reliable. Improvements in gasifier reliability, availability, and maintainability will in part depend on the development of improved structural materials with longer service life in this application. Current generation refractory materials used to line the gasifier vessel, and contain th… more

Date: January 1, 2005

Creator: Bennett, James P.; Kwong, Kyei-Sing; Powell, Cynthia A; Krabbe, Rick & Thomas, Hugh

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

An update on the development of an improved performance refractory material for slagging coal gasifiers

Severe slag attack of high temperature materials that line coal gasifiers used in the production of chemicals, liquid fuels, and/or electricity result in their unacceptably short lifetimes, lasting anywhere from 3 months to 24 months. Lengthening of this short service life to increase gasifier reliability and increase on-line availability of a gasifier is viewed as critical for greater technology acceptance and utilization. A phosphate containing high chrome oxide refractory has been developed … more

Date: January 1, 2004

Creator: Powell, Cynthia A.; Kwong, Kyei-Sing; Bennett, James P. & Chinn, Richard E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

An update on field test results for an engineered refractory for slagging gasifiers

The widespread commercial adaptation of slagging gasifier technology to produce power, fuel, and/or chemicals from coal will depend in large measure on the technology’s ability to prove itself both economic and reliable. Improvements in gasifier reliability, availability, and maintainability will in part depend on the development of improved performance structural materials with longer service life in this application. Current generation refractory materials used to line the air-cooled, slaggin… more

Date: May 1, 2006

Creator: Dogan, O. N.; Alman, D. E.; Jablonski, P. D. & Hawk, J. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Preliminary results from field testing an improved refractory material for slagging coal gasifiers

Slag attack of refractory materials used to line the hot face of slagging gasifiers limits their service life to between 3 and 24 months. These gasifiers use coal, petroleum coke, or combinations of them as raw materials to produce chemicals, liquid fuel, and/or electricity; with future consideration being given to the use of other abundant, low cost feedstock such as biomass. The ash from these materials generate liquid slags during gasification at temperature between 1300 - 1575 C and pressur… more

Date: January 1, 2004

Creator: Bennett, James P.; Kwong, Kyei-Sing & Powell, Cynthia A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

SEM evaluation of advanced refractory failures in slagging gasifiers

The SEM is an invaluable tool in the evaluation of advanced refractories and their failure. A reaction vessel?s refractory liner, at minimum, must protect the reaction vessel from elevated temperatures, corrosive slag and thermal cycling. To understand the failure mechanisms ARC staff had first to determine how an advanced chrome rich refractory was attacked by various components that make up a slag. Refractory cups were made from the refractory of interest and various compounds that can be fou… more

Date: August 1, 2005

Creator: Collins, W.Keith; Dahlin, Cheryl L.; Bennett, James P.; Kwong, Kyei-Sing & Rawers, James C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Development of improved performance refractory liner materials for slagging gasifiers

Refractory liners for slagging gasifiers used in power generation, chemical production, or as a possible future source of hydrogen for a hydrogen based economy, suffer from a short service life. These liner materials are made of high Cr2O3 and lower levels of Al2O3 and/or ZrO2. As a working face lining in the gasifier, refractories are exposed to molten slags at elevated temperature that originate from ash in the carbon feedstock, including coal and/or petroleum coke. The molten slag causes ref… more

Date: January 1, 2005

Creator: Kwong, Kyei-Sing; Bennett, James P.; Powell, Cynthia; Thomas, Hugh & Krabbe, Rick

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Development of Solar Grade (SoG) Silicon

The rapid growth of the photovoltaics (PV) industry is threatened by the ongoing shortage of suitable solar grade (SoG) silicon. Until 2004, the PV industry relied on the off spec polysilicon from the electronics industry for feedstock. The rapid growth of PV meant that the demand for SoG silicon predictably surpassed this supply. The long-term prospects for PV are very bright as costs have come down, and efficiencies and economies of scale make PV generated electricity ever more competitive wi… more

Date: January 18, 2008

Creator: Joyce, David B & Schmid, Frederick

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Pipeline-gas Demonstration Plant: Phase I. Quarterly technical process report, 1 January 1981 - 31 March 1981. [Proprietary process for coal gasification plants]

Contract No EF-77-C-01-2542 between Conoco Inc. and the U.S. Department of Energy provides for the design, construction, and operation of a demonstration plant capable of processing bituminous caking coal into clean pipeline quality gas. During the reporting period of January 1, 1981, through March 31, 1981, the major work effort of the project was focused on Task VI, Demonstration Plant Engineering and Design, and on Task VII, Construction Planning. Work continued on plans for obtaining coal, … more

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: DiFulgentiz, R. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Effects of source-fissile material distributions on the accuracy of time correlated counting

Time correlated counting has been proposed as a possible criticality monitor at the Transuranic Waste Treatment Facility (TWTF). This paper investigates possible errors which might arise in estimates of k/sub eff/ due to the assumption implicit in time correlated counting, that neutron multiplication is constant from generation to generation. It appears that the assumption of uniform multiplication of neutrons between generations will not generally produce large errors in time correlated counti… more

Date: January 1, 1981

Creator: Cannon, J. W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Refractory failure in IGCC fossil fuel power systems

Current generation refractory materials used in slagging gasifiers employed in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) fossil fuel power systems have unacceptably short service lives, limiting the reliability and cost effectiveness of gasification as a means to generate power. The short service life of the refractory lining results from exposure to the extreme environment inside the operating gasifier, where the materials challenges include temperatures to 1650 C, thermal cycling, alterna… more

Date: January 1, 2001

Creator: Dogan, Cynthia P.; Kwong, Kyei-Sing; Bennett, James P. & Chinn, Richard E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Improved Refractory Materials for Slagging Gasifiers in IGCC Power Systems

Gasifiers are the heart of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power system currently being developed as part of the DOE's Vision 21 Fossil Fuel Power Plant. A gasification chamber is a high pressure/high temperature reaction vessel used to contain a mixture of O2, H2O, and coal (or other carbon containing materials) while it is converted into thermal energy and chemicals (H2, CO, and CH4). IGCC systems are expected to play a dominant role in meeting the Nation's future energy needs. … more

Date: January 1, 2005

Creator: Bennett, James P.; Kwong, Kyei-Sing; Powell, Cynthia A.; Krabbe, Rick & Thomas, Hugh

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Alternative process schemes for coal conversion. Progress report No. 4, September 1, 1979-March 30, 1980

This progress report is divided into two parts. In Part A, the results of the first three progress reports which dealt with the separation of H/sub 2//CH/sub 4/ and H/sub 2//CH/sub 4//CO mixtures resulting from coal gasification processes are briefly summarized. The separation calculations were performed for ideal, cryogenic, clathrate (gas-hydrate), and absorption/stripping separation processes. The cryogenic separation indicates the least energy requirement. Work on this phase of the program … more

Date: April 1, 1980

Creator: Sansone, Michael J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

State-of-the-art report on low-level radioactive waste treatment

An attempt is made to identify the main sources of low-level radioactive wastes that are generated in the United States. To place the waste problem in perspective, rough estimates are given of the annual amounts of each generic type of waste that is generated. Most of the wet solid wastes arise from the cleanup of gaseous and liquid radioactive streams prior to discharge or recycle. The treatment of the process streams and the secondary wet solid wastes thus generated is described for each type… more

Date: September 1, 1980

Creator: Kibbey, A. H. & Godbee, H. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Demonstration plant engineering and design. Phase I. The pipeline gas demonstration plant. Volume 8. Plant Section 600: CO/sub 2/ removal

Contract No. EF-77-C-01-2542 between Conoco Inc. and the US Department of Energy provides for the design, construction, and operation of a demonstration plant capable of processing bituminous caking coals into clean pipeline quality gas. The project is currently in the design phase (Phase I). This phase is scheduled to be completed in June 1981. One of the major efforts of Phase I is the completion of the process design and the project engineering design of the Demonstration Plant. This design … more

Date: January 1, 1981

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Phase I: the pipeline-gas demonstration plant. Demonstration plant engineering and design. Volume 1. Executive summary

The Phase I engineering and design of a demonstrated plant under Contract No. EF-77-C-01-2542 between Conoco Inc. and the US Department of Energy has been completed. The Demonstration Plant is designed to produce 19 million standard cubic feet per day of pipeline quality gas from 1,257 tons per day of Ohio No. 9 coal. The process to be demonstrated is based on the British Gas/Lurgi slagging gasifier which reacts coal with steam and oxygen at elevated temperatures and pressures to produce a crud… more

Date: unknown

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Evaluation of gasification and gas cleanup processes for use in molten carbonate fuel cell power plants. Final report. [Contains lists and evaluations of coal gasification and fuel gas desulfurization processes]

This report satisfies the requirements for DOE Contract AC21-81MC16220 to: List coal gasifiers and gas cleanup systems suitable for supplying fuel to molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) in industrial and utility power plants; extensively characterize those coal gas cleanup systems rejected by DOE's MCFC contractors for their power plant systems by virtue of the resources required for those systems to be commercially developed; develop an analytical model to predict MCFC tolerance for particulate… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Jablonski, G.; Hamm, J. R.; Alvin, M. A.; Wenglarz, R. A. & Patel, P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department