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Hydrogen-Transfer and Charge Transfer in Photochemical and High Energy Radiation Induced Reactions: Effects of Thiols. Final Report, February 1, 1960-January 31, 1979

Description: Absorption of ultraviolet or visible light, or high energy radiation, may lead to highly reactive free radicals. Thiols affect the reactions of these radicals in the following ways: (1) transfer of hydrogen from sulfur of the thiol to a substrate radical, converting the radical to a stable molecule, and the thiol to a reactive thiyl radical; and (2) transfer of hydrogen from a substrate radical or molecule to thiyl, regenerating thiol. The thiol is thus used repeatedly and a single molecule may… more
Date: March 1, 1980
Creator: Cohen, S. G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Waste package environment studies. FY 1984 annual report.

Description: Tests were conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory in FY 1984 to examine the influence of heat and radiation on the chemical environment of a high-level nuclear waste package in a repository in salt and to determine the solubility of key radionuclides in site-specific brines. These tests are part of an ongoing effort by the Waste Package Program, whose objective is to help develop a data base on package components and system interactions necessary to qualify a nuclear waste package for geolog… more
Date: March 1, 1986
Creator: Pederson, L. R.; Gray, W. J.; Hodges, F. N.; McVay, G. L.; Moore, D. A.; Rai, D. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A survey of available information on gas generation in tank 241-SY-101

Description: As a result of a concerted effort to determine the chemical and physical mechanisms underlying the generation and episodic release of gases from tank 241-SY-101, more commonly known as tank 101-SY, the Tank Waste Science Panel has been established at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Four of the members of this panel met to screen the available information on tank 101-SY and provide to the remaining members a shortened list of references that could be used to assess the mechanisms underlying th… more
Date: March 1, 1991
Creator: Strachan, D.M. (comp.) (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA)); Reynolds, D.A. (Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (USA)); Siemer, D.D. (Westinghouse Idaho National Engineering Co., Idaho Falls, ID (USA)) & Wallace, R.W. (Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (USA))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Review of information on the radiation chemistry of materials around waste canisters in salt and assessment of the need for additional experimental information

Description: The brines, vapors, and salts precipitated from the brines will be exposed to gamma rays and to elevated temperatures in the regions close to a waste package in the salt. Accordingly, they will be subject to changes in composition brought about by reactions induced by the radiations and heat. This report reviews the status of information on the radiation chemistry of brines, gases, and solids which might be present around a waste package in salt and to assess the need for additional laboratory … more
Date: March 1, 1980
Creator: Jenks, G.H. & Baes, C.F. Jr.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Defense Waste Processing Facility: Report of task force on options to mitigate the effect of nitrite on DWPF operations

Description: The possibility of accumulating ammonium nitrate (an explosive) as well as organic compounds in the DWPF Chemical Processing Cell Vent System was recently discovered. A task force was therefore organized to examine ways to avoid this potential hazard. Of thirty-two processing/engineering options screened, the task force recommended five options, deemed to have the highest technical certainty, for detailed development and evaluation: Radiolysis of nitrite in the tetraphenylborate precipitate slu… more
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Randall, D. (ed.) & Marek, J.C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Gas generation from Hanford grout samples. Final report

Description: The radiolytic yields of H{sub 2}, N{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, N{sub 2}O, and CO from two batches of WHC-supplied samples of grouted simulated waste have been {gamma} irradiated at several dose rates (0.025, 0.63 and 130 krad/h for H{sub 2} and 130 krad/h for all other gases). In one batch, the liquid waste simulant that was added to the grout included the original components that were added to Tank 102-AP (labeled ``virgin``waste.) The second batch included a similar liquid waste simulant that was pre… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Jonah, C. D.; Kapoor, S.: Matheson, M. S.; Mulac, W. A. & Meisel, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Observation of an aromatic radical anion dimer: (C{sub 10}F{sub 8}){sub 2}{sm_bullet}{sub {minus}}

Description: Radical cation dimers are observed for many alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons as products of the reaction between monomer radical cation and neutral molecule. In most cases, the dimer radical anions, formed via reaction of the monomer radical anion with a neutral molecule, have not been observed. Here we report the observation of the dimer radical anion of octafluoronaphthalene, formed by reaction of C{sub 10}F{sub 8}{sup {center_dot}{minus}} with the neutral parent molecules in nonpolar solven… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Werst, D. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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High-energy chemical processes: Laser irradiation of aromatic hydrocarbons

Description: Recent studies of the high-energy photochemical degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in solution have furthered our fundamental understanding of the way in which radiation interacts with matter. A new comprehensive mechanism that unifies many of the seemingly contradictory observations in radiation and photochemistry has been proposed on basis of evidence gathered using specialized techniques such as transient optical spectroscopy and transient dc conductivity. The PAH molecul… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Trifunac, A. D.; Liu, A. D. & Loffredo, D. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biologically important radiation damage in DNA. Annual progress report, May 1, 1993--January 31, 1994

Description: Most DNA damage by the hydroxyl radical is confined to the bases, and this base damage represents an important component of locally multiply demanded sites (LMOS). The yields of the major damaged bases have been determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. For our propose, it was necessary to convert a known fraction of these damaged bases to strand breaks and then assay these labile sites as the increase in strand break yield over the normally observed level. Three potential agents by w… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Ward, J. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Assessment of gas accumulation and retention -- Tank 241-SY-101

Description: An approximate analysis has been carried out to assess and estimate the maximum quantity of gas that is likely to be accumulated within waste tank 241-SY-101, and the maximum quantity which is likely to be retained after gas release events (GRE). According to the phenomenological models used for this assessment, based on interpretation of current and recent operational data, the estimated gas generation rate in the tank is approximately 4 m{sup 3}/day (147 ft{sup 3}/day). About half of this gas… more
Date: March 1, 1993
Creator: Alleman, R. T.; Burke, T. M.; Reynolds, D. A. & Simpson, D. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Summary of TRUEX Radiolysis Testing Using the INL Radiolysis Test Loop

Description: The INL radiolysis and hydrolysis test loop has been used to evaluate the effects of hydrolytic and radiolytic degradation upon the efficacy of the TRUEX flowsheet for the recovery of trivalent actinides and lanthanides from acidic solution. Repeated irradiation and subsequent re-conditioning cycles did result in a significant decrease in the concentration of the TBP and CMPO extractants in the TRUEX solvent and a corresponding decrease in americium and europium extraction distributions. Howeve… more
Date: March 1, 2012
Creator: Peterman, Dean R.; Olson, Lonnie G.; McDowell, Rocklan G.; Elias, Gracy & Law, Jack D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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PRESSURIZATION OF CONTAINMENT VESSELS FROM PLUTONIUM OXIDE CONTENTS

Description: Transportation and storage of plutonium oxide is typically done using a convenience container to hold the oxide powder which is then placed inside a containment vessel. Intermediate containers which act as uncredited confinement barriers may also be used. The containment vessel is subject to an internal pressure due to several sources including; (1) plutonium oxide provides a heat source which raises the temperature of the gas space, (2) helium generation due to alpha decay of the plutonium, (3… more
Date: March 27, 2012
Creator: Hensel, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Decomposition of tetraphenylborate precipitates used to isolate Cs-137 from Savannah River Site high-level waste

Description: This paper presents results of the radioactive demonstration of the Precipitate Hydrolysis Process (PHP) that will be performed in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site. The PHP destroys the tetraphenylborate precipitate that is used at SRS to isolate Cs-137 from caustic High-Level Waste (HLW) supernates. This process is necessary to decrease the amount of organic compounds going to the melter in the DWPF. Actual radioactive precipitate containing Cs-137 was us… more
Date: March 1, 1993
Creator: Ferrara, D. M.; Bibler, N. E. & Ha, B. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Defense Waste Processing Facility: Report of task force on options to mitigate the effect of nitrite on DWPF operations. Savannah River Site 200-S Area

Description: The possibility of accumulating ammonium nitrate (an explosive) as well as organic compounds in the DWPF Chemical Processing Cell Vent System was recently discovered. A task force was therefore organized to examine ways to avoid this potential hazard. Of thirty-two processing/engineering options screened, the task force recommended five options, deemed to have the highest technical certainty, for detailed development and evaluation: Radiolysis of nitrite in the tetraphenylborate precipitate slu… more
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Randall, D. & Marek, J. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Arene-thioether mixed complex radical cations

Description: Studies of radiolytically generated radical cations in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents have led to the first direct characterization of monomeric thioether radical cations in liquid solution. Observation of these very reactive chemical intermediates is made possible by the great sensitivity of fluorescence-detected magnetic resonance (FDMR) and by solvent stabilization of the thioether radical cations via electron donation. Monomeric thioether radical cations in arene solvents such as toluene exi… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Werst, D. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Flammable gas generation, retention, and release in high-level waste tanks -- physical and chemical models

Description: The most evident dangers from flammable gas release in ventilated high-level waste tanks at Hanford are those caused by periodic release of gases generated and retained in depths of the tanks. In Hanford Tank 101-SY the flammable gases and hydrogen, ammonia and methane are accumulated along with oxidizer nitrous oxide in bubbles while the ammonia and nitrous oxide are also deposited in solution. Accumulation of both the free and dissolved gases is enhanced by hydrostatic pressure. The free gase… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: McDuffie, N. G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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HYDROGEN GENERATION FROM SLUDGE SAMPLE BOTTLES CAUSED BY RADIOLYSIS AND CHEMISTRY WITH CONCETNRATION DETERMINATION IN A STANDARD WASTE BOX (SWB) OR DRUM FOR TRANSPORT

Description: A volume of 600 mL of sludge, in 4.1 L sample bottles (Appendix 7.6), will be placed in either a Super Pig (Ref. 1) or Piglet (Ref. 2, 3) based on shielding requirements (Ref. 4). Two Super Pigs will be placed in a Standard Waste Box (SWB, Ref. 5), as their weight exceeds the capacity of a drum; two Piglets will be placed in a 55-gallon drum (shown in Appendix 7.2). The generation of hydrogen gas through oxidation/corrosion of uranium metal by its reaction with water will be determined and comb… more
Date: March 30, 2010
Creator: DL, RILEY; AE, BRIDGES & WS, EDWARDS
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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BLENDED CALCIUM ALUMINATE-CALCIUM SULFATE CEMENT-BASED GROUT FOR P-REACTOR VESSEL IN-SITU DECOMMISSIONING

Description: The objective of this report is to document laboratory testing of blended calcium aluminate - calcium hemihydrate grouts for P-Reactor vessel in-situ decommissioning. Blended calcium aluminate - calcium hemihydrate cement-based grout was identified as candidate material for filling (physically stabilizing) the 105-P Reactor vessel (RV) because it is less alkaline than portland cement-based grout which has a pH greater than 12.4. In addition, blended calcium aluminate - calcium hemihydrate cemen… more
Date: March 10, 2011
Creator: Langton, C. & Stefanko, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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HYDROGEN CONCENTRATIONS DURING STORAGE OF 3013 OXIDE SAMPLES

Description: As part of a surveillance program intended to ensure the safe storage of plutonium bearing nuclear materials in the Savannah River Site (SRS) K-Area Materials Storage (KAMS), samples of these materials are shipped to Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) for analysis. These samples are in the form of solids or powders which will have absorbed moisture. Potentially flammable hydrogen gas is generated due to radiolysis of the moisture. The samples are shipped for processing after chemical ana… more
Date: March 14, 2011
Creator: Hensel, S.; Askew, N. & Laurinat, J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Roadmapping the Resolution of Gas Generation Issues in Packages Containing Radioactive Waste/Materials

Description: Gas generation issues, particularly hydrogen, have been an area of concern for the transport and storage of radioactive materials and waste in the Department of Energy (DOE) complex. Potentially combustible gases can be generated through a variety of reactions, including chemical reactions and radiolytic decomposition of hydrogen-containing materials. Transportation regulations prohibit shipment of explosives and radioactive materials together. This paper discusses the major gas generation issu… more
Date: March 1, 2001
Creator: Luke, Dale Elden; Rogers, Adam Zachary & Hamp, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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