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in subjects: "Radioisotopes"

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Absorption of Radionuclides Applied to Above Ground Plant Parts : Terminal Report

The attached list of publications is submitted as a year to year and final report of progress on work accomplished under Contract AT(11-1)-159 from 1950 to 1959. Work was initiated on this project in the spring of 1950 and is still in progress as of the date of this report.

Date: 1959

Creator: Wittwer, S. H. (Sylvan Harold), 1917-2012; Turkey, H. G. & Bukovac, M. J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Underground Movement of Radioactive Wastes

The theory and preliminary laboratory investigations presented in this technical report were intended to examine the general feasibility of injection disposal of radioactive wastes and to establish an understanding of the phenomena governing the travel of trace chemicals through natural porous media. Detailed studies of fluid velocity variations resulting from density differences between the injected and displaced liquids have been made. the ion exchange studies have been limited to strontium a… more

Date: August 1, 1955

Creator: Kaufman, Warren J., 1922-; Orcutt, Richard G., 1924- & Klein, Gerhard, 1918-1987

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Status Report on the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes

The new and as yet unsolved problems introduced by the production of large quantities of fission products and radioactive isotopes from fission or neutron capture present mankind a most complex technical, economic, and political problem. On one hand, the possibility of using the fission process to produce energy from an unexploited and abundant natural source is emerging from large programs of research and development. We are also beginning to see the promise of use of particulate and electroma… more

Date: June 25, 1957

Creator: Culler, Floyd L., Jr. & McLain, Stuart

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Spectrographic Analysis of Normal Human Tissue from Miami, Florida

All tissues included in this report were received from Miami, Florida and the majority are from Jackson memorial Hospital. They were collected, ashed and analyzed according to the methods described in ORNL-CF-57-2-2. The average value of the concentration for each element in a tissue is the average of the concentrations in only those samples of the tissue which contained the element. For example, if, of 25 lives analyzed, only 10 contained lead, the average for lead in liver is the average of t… more

Date: February 28, 1957

Creator: Tipton, I. H.; Cook, M. J.; Steiner, R. L.; Foland, J. M. & McDaniel, K. K.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Spectrographic Analysis of Normal Human Tissue from Dallas, Texas

All tissues included in this report were received from Dallas, Texas and were collected, ashed and analyzed according to the methods described in ORNL-CF-57-2-2. The average value of the concentration for each element in a tissue is the average of the concentrations in only those samples of the tissue which contained the element. For example, if, of 25 lives analyzed, only 10 contained lead, the average for lead in liver is the average of those 10 values. For those tissues in which an element d… more

Date: February 26, 1957

Creator: Tipton, I. H.; Cook, M. J.; Steiner, R. L.; Foland, J. M.; McDaniel, K. K. & Fentress, S. D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Methods of Collection, Preparation and Spectrographic Analysis of Human Tissues

To determine the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of a radionuclide which may be ingested or inhaled with exceeding accepted levels of exposure tot he human body, it is necessary to know the average normal concentration of the natural element in the various tissues of the body. Any element may be ingested or inhaled as the element or as a compound. Although nearly all elements have been observed in living tissue, few quantitative observations had been made before 1950. Preliminary studie… more

Date: February 28, 1957

Creator: Tipton, I. H.; Cook, M. J.; Steiner, R. L.; Foland, J. M.; Fentress, S. D. & McDaniel, K. K.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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"Ages" of the Sikhote Alin Meteorite

The potassium-argon age of the Sikhote Alin iron meteorite has been determined. The value is 1.7 + 0.2 x 10⁹ years. Previous lead data suggest an age of 4.6 x 10⁹ years . The date of solidification may be the sum of these two ages.

Date: 1962

Creator: Fisher, David E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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A Review of the Production of "Special" Radioisotopes

Six useful characteristics of radioisotopes and advantages which may be taken of them are cited briefly, with examples. A survey of unusual or less frequently used production techniques for radioisotope production are presented including (n,p) reactions and secondary reactions such as (t,n) and (t,p) induced by thermal neutron, various techniques for obtaining useful fluxes of fast neutrons with which to effect other reactions, recoil techniques including classic Szilard-Chalmers reactions, use… more

Date: 1962

Creator: Stang, Louis G., Jr.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Ionium (Thorium-230) for Radioisotope Preparation (Status Report)

For many years effort has been directed toward the development of means for the practical utilization of the heat evolved from the radioactive decay of certain fission and irradiation products. Fission products, in view of their availability in the plentiful, high-level wastes resulting from the processing of irradiated, nuclear reactor fuels have been most intensively studied for applications where their heat of decay might be converted into useful energy such as electricity for the operations… more

Date: December 15, 1959

Creator: Coppinger, E. A. & Rohrmann, C. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Studies on the Thyroidal Uptake of Astatine in the Rat

The comparative approach to the study of thyroid function, as illustrated by the studies of Gorbman, Gudernatsch and Payne on lower vertebrates, has been profitable. Another type of comparative approach has been made, chiefly by Baumann, by studying the ability of the thyroid to accumulate various members of the halogen group of elements. This work dates from the fundamental demonstration by Baumann that the thyroid is capable of concentrating iodine. The introduction of radioisotopes of iodine… more

Date: unknown

Creator: Shellabarger, C. J., Ph. D. & Godwin, John, T., M.D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Milking Systems-Status of the Art

Milking systems are means of separating a desired radioisotope from its parent and other contaminants have proved to be extremely useful. The milking systems, or "generator", incorporates a relatively long-lived parent activity, fixed usually in a solid form, from which its shorter-lived daughter can be eluted from the parent phase as required. In this way relatively short-lived isotopes may be stored at the place of use. The system must, however, meet certain requirements in order to be of rea… more

Date: unknown

Creator: Greene, Margaret W.; Doering, Robert F. & Hillman, Manny

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Close-Capture Adsorption System For Remote Radioisotope Chemistry

Molecular sieves are synthetic zeolites which, when dehydrated, contain a network of empty pores and cavities that constitute almost 50% of the total volume of the crystals. They have the unique property of adsorbing within these cavities only those molecules that are small enough to pass through the pores of the crystals, Molecular sieves have a very strong affinity for water and other polar molecules. It is this selective property plus their stability and reasonable cost that make them of int… more

Date: August 17, 1961

Creator: Spencer, Neil C.; Parsons, Thomas C. & Howe, Patrick W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Radioactivity Levels of the Columbia River Below Richland, Washington for the Period January, February, March 1956

In the Columbia River downstream from Richland, Washington there is a gradual decrease in the concentration of radioactive isotopes. At any one location there are fluctuations due to factors such as ditution and decay time. During this period at all locations the concentration of alpha particle emitters in water averaged below the detection limit of 3 x 10⁻⁹ μ c/gm. Beta particle emitters in water upstream of McNary Dam increased by a factor of 1.5 to 2, with averages at various locations rangi… more

Date: unknown

Creator: Clukey, H. V.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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The Reactivity Value of Highly Burned Plutonium in Thermal Reactors

It has been suggested by many workers in the power reactor field that a more efficient utilization of natural uranium may be obtained in thermal reactors if the Pu produced in a fuel cycle were used to enrich a subsequent cycle in which the irradiation-depleted-uranium would be reirradiated. The work described here was done for the purpose of evaluating the reactivity value of the Pu enrichment under the assumption that all plutonium produced is, after chemical separation, fabricated into separ… more

Date: June 25, 1956

Creator: Heineman, R. E. & Lefevre, H. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Application and Operation of the 325 Building Well Counter

Well-type scintillation counters have found use in many radiochemical laboratories. A gamma scintillation well counter has been used to measure the gamma activity of liquid samples in the 325 Building counting room for about a year. This well counter has been built and calibrated so that gamma activity measurements made with it can be easily compared with measurements made with the gamma scintillation counter (GSC). The well counter is electronically identical to the present GSC and differs onl… more

Date: March 8, 1956

Creator: Brauer, F. P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Radioactivity Levels of the Columbia River below Richland, Washington for the Period July, August, September 1955

Below Richland, Washington there is a gradual decrease in the concentration of beta particle emitters in the Columbia River water. The concentration of alpha particle emitters in Columbia River water averages 5 X 10⁻⁹ μl/ml at all locations. The activity of alpha particle emitters in mud samples was less than the detection limit of 3 x 10⁻⁶ μl/gm; the average activity density of beta particle emitters approximates those reported for the previous quarter.

Date: March 22, 1956

Creator: Rostenbach, R. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Radiological Sciences Department Quarterly Progress Report Research and Development Activities October-December, 1955

This twenty-fifth quarterly report of the research and development activities of the Radiological Sciences Department, Hanford Atomic Products operation, as before, includes some items charged to control but included for general interest. The previous report of this series was numbered: HW-39624, October 11, 1955. Progress is reported in the following studies: a radiobiological-ecological survey of the Columbia River; the toxic effects of continuous low-level exposure to I¹³¹ in pigs; Pu metabo… more

Date: January 11, 1956

Creator: Parker, H. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Absorption Characteristics of Long Soil Columns

The purpose of this report is to present the information obtained relative to the characteristic adsorption of radioisotopes in a long (forty feet) laboratory soil column treated with a high salt, process waste of high activity density. The movement of adsorbed cations in a soil column subjected to prolonged leeching by water also was determined.

Date: May 1, 1955

Creator: McHenry, J. R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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The Separation of Uranium and Plutonium Isotopes in Chemical Exchange Systems

The purpose of this paper is to examine the theory and results of chemical exchange experiments for separation of heavy metal isotopes. The aim is to find a means of predicting those chemical exchange systems likely to produce large isotopic separation factors.

Date: May 16, 1955

Creator: Hahn, H. T.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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The Study of a Method of Assaying the Approximate Isotopic Ratio in Uranium

A method for determining the appropriate isotopic content of uranium-235 in uranium slugs has been investigated. In the conduct of the experiment it was found that there was a background counting rate several times the counting rate of the phenomena under study. Methods are suggested for improving the counting rate and reducing the background. The conclusions at this time are that reactivity determinations will provide the most rapid and precise measure of U-235 content in uranium.

Date: July 15, 1955

Creator: Thiele, A. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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The absorption of the important fission products by plants is quantitatively presented as a concentration factor which is defined as the ratio of the fission product concentration found in the leaves to the fission product concentration found in the nutrient substrate. Of the fission products, the isotopes of strontium were found to be the most important by virtue of their high concentration factor, long half-life, and low maximum permissible amounts for animals. Iodine and barium follow in im… more

Date: May 17, 1955

Creator: Rediske, J. H.; Cline, J. F. & Selders, A. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Radiobiological Studies of the Columbia River Through December, 1955

Radiobiological studies were made to determine effects of radioactive effluents from the Hanford reactors upon the aquatic biota of the Columbia River and to evaluate related hazards. Data from studies completed between September, 1945, and December, 1955 are presented and interpreted. All forms of life were many times more radioactive than the water they inhabited. Some radioisotopes were much more readily accumulated than others in living organisms. Differences in the concentration of certain… more

Date: November 7, 1956

Creator: Davis, J. J.; Watson, D. G. & Palmiter, C.C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Proposed Revision in Computations of MPC's for Long-Lived Radioisotopes

Equations are developed for the computation of MPC's for radioisotopes assuming the excretion or retention to follow a power law rather than an exponential law. Computations are made for four isotopes on which some human data are available. Uncertainties in the initial data due to the use of intravenous injection to obtain the primary data, the definition of retention and the effects of age and diet are discussed.

Date: March 1, 1955

Creator: Healy, J. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Utilization of Radioactive Isotopes in Coal Process Research

"Experiments are continuing to determine the cleaning efficiency and rate of cleaning of fine size bituminous coals by the water fluidization method. By radio-tracing neutron activated pyrites, data were obtained on the rate of segregation of mineral impurities from the coal as a function of particle size and density in a 48 x 0 mesh hydraulic fluidized coal bed. Two methods of radio- tracing were demonstrated. The ultimate cleaning efficiency of the above size coal is also reported."

Date: unknown

Creator: Yavorsky, P. M. & Gorin, E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department