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in subjects: "Radioactivation"

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PNNL Review of Proposed Relevant Radionuclide List

A list of fission products and activation products has been proposed for possible adoption as an official table of relevant isotopes for CTBT use. It is our understanding that the purpose of this list is to discriminate Level 4 spectra from Level 5 spectra in the decision logic diagram. The current understanding is that a single short-lived, relevant isotope that is atypical for a station would cause a spectrum to be marked as Level 4. A second relevant isotope would cause a spectrum to be mark… more

Date: May 10, 1999

Creator: Miley, H. S. & Arthur, R. J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Radioactivation of coolant in the E-823 D-Zero silicon tracker

No Description Available.

Date: December 12, 2000

Creator: Freeman, William S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Energy deposition issues at 8 GeV H- beam collimation and injection to the Fermilab Main Injector

The energy deposition and radiation issues at 8 GeV h{sup -} beam collimation in the beam transfer line and at stripping injection to the Fermilab Main Injector (MI) are analyzed. Detailed calculations with the STRUCT [1] and MARS15 [2] codes are performed on heating of collimators and stripping foils, as well as on accelerator elements radioactivation at normal operation. Extraction of the unstripped part of the beam to the external beam dump and loss of the excited-state H{sup 0} atoms in MI … more

Date: May 1, 2005

Creator: Drozhdin, A. I.; Kostin, M. A.; Mokhov, N. V. & /Fermilab

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Halo and space charge issues in the SNS Ring

The latest designs for high-intensity proton rings require minimizing beam-induced radioactivation of the vacuum chamber. Although the tune depression in the ring is much smaller than in high-intensity linacs, space-charge contributions to halo formation and, hence, beam loss may be significant. This paper reviews our current understanding of halo formation issues for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring.

Date: June 30, 2000

Creator: Fedotov, A. V.; Abell, D. T.; Beebe-Wang, J.; Lee, Y. Y.; Malitsky, N.; Wei, J. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Production of radionuclides and their migration in groundwater: a Fermilab case history model

Particle accelerators that are buried underground like those at Fermilab create a condition where soil can be activated. Naturally percolating groundwater becomes contaminated by leaching out some of the radioactivity as it migrates through the soil to the underlying aquifer. The Fermilab Concentration Model was formulated to account for and combine the fundamental processes of production, leaching, and migration. Its general features are described, then site-specific data from one of the targe… more

Date: August 1, 1997

Creator: Malensek, Anthony J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Sequential charged-particle and neutron activation of Flibe in the HYLIFE-II inertial fusion energy power plant design

Most radionuclide generation/depletion codes consider only neutron reactions and assume that charged particles, which may be generated in these reactions, deposit their energy locally without undergoing further nuclear interactions. Neglect of sequential charged-particle (x,n) reactions can lead to large underestimation in the inventories of radionuclides. PCROSS code was adopted for use with the ACAB activation code to enable calculation of the effects of (x,n) reactions upon radionuclide inve… more

Date: June 14, 1996

Creator: Latkowski, J.F.; Tobin, M.T.; Vujic, J.L. & Sanz, J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Activation of the liquid helium contamination during its passage in the Collider ring

Radioactivation of possible contamination of the liquid helium trapped in the arcs of the Collider ring of the Superconducting Super Collider and transported by the liquid helium is estimated. This estimation is used to calculate the dose rate on the filter of the refrigerator plant located at the top of the shaft.

Date: January 1, 1994

Creator: Lopez, G.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Radionuclide mass inventory, activity, decay heat, and dose rate parametric data for TRIGA spent nuclear fuels

Parametric burnup calculations are performed to estimate radionuclide isotopic mass and activity concentrations for four different Training, Research, and Isotope General Atomics (TRIGA) nuclear reactor fuel element types: (1) Aluminum-clad standard, (2) Stainless Steel-clad standard, (3) High-enrichment Fuel Life Improvement Program (FLIP), and (4) Low-enrichment Fuel Life Improvement Program (FLIP-LEU-1). Parametric activity data are tabulated for 145 important radionuclides that can be used … more

Date: March 1, 1997

Creator: Sterbentz, J.W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

UF{sub 6} fissile mass flow simulation at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Basis for measuring fissile mass flow in slurries, liquid, and gaseous streams is activation of a fissile stream by neutrons and then detection of delayed radiation from resulting fission products. This paper describes recent simulation measurements with the first prototype of the system for fissile mass flow measurements with HEU UF{sub 6} gas for use in blenddown facilities. Theory was only 15% higher than actual measured; thus calibration factor would be 0.85. This simulation of HEU gas flow… more

Date: August 1, 1997

Creator: Mihalczo, J.T.; March-Leuba, J.; Valentine, T.E.; Mattingly, J.K.; Uckan, T. & McEvers, J.A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Groundwater activation calculations for E872

The E872 beam dump geometry has been modeled in CASIM and calculations have been done to determine the annual limits for protons n target. Results are presented using both the single resident well model (SRWM) and the newly-approved concentration model (CM). The conclusion is that the target/dump design is adequate for the maximum number of protons on target requested by the experiment, which is >1 {times} 10{sup 18} protons per year at 800 GeV.

Date: August 1, 1995

Creator: Freeman, W.S. & Collaboration, E872

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Activated Corrosion Product Analysis. Analytical Approach.

The presence of activated corrosion products (ACPs) in a water cooling system is a key factor in the licensing of ITER and affects nuclear classification, which governs design and operation. The objective of this study is to develop a method to accurately estimate radionuclide concentrations during ITER operation in support of nuclear classification. A brief overview of the PACTITER numerical code, which is currently used for ACP estimation, is presented. An alternative analytical approach for … more

Date: January 1, 2010

Creator: Golubov, Stanislav I.; Busby, Jeremy T. & Stoller, Roger E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Topics in radiation at accelerators: Radiation physics for personnel and environmental protection

In the first chapter, terminology, physical and radiological quantities, and units of measurement used to describe the properties of accelerator radiation fields are reviewed. The general considerations of primary radiation fields pertinent to accelerators are discussed. The primary radiation fields produced by electron beams are described qualitatively and quantitatively. In the same manner the primary radiation fields produced by proton and ion beams are described. Subsequent chapters describ… more

Date: October 1, 1996

Creator: Cossairt, J.D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Code development incorporating environmental, safety and economic aspects of fusion reactors; Annual progress report

This document is a proposal to continue the authors work on the Environmental, Safety and Economic (ESE) aspects of fusion reactors under DOE contract DE-FR03-89ER52514. The grant objectives continue those from the previous grant: (1) completion of first-generation Environmental, Safety and Economic (ESE) computer modules suitable as integral components of tokamak systems codes. (2) continuation of work on special topics, in support of the above and in response to OFE requests. The proposal als… more

Date: December 31, 1993

Creator: Fowler, T.K.; Greenspan, E. & Holdren, J.P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Synchronization of the Fermilab Booster and Main Injector for multiple batch injection

To date, the 120 GeV Fermilab Main Injector accelerator has accelerated a single batch of protons from the 8 GeV rapid-cycling Booster synchrotron for production of antiprotons for Run II. In the future, the Main Injector must accelerate 6 or more Booster batches simultaneously; the first will be extracted to the antiproton source, while the remaining are extracted for the NuMI/MINOS (Neutrinos at the Main Injector/Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) neutrino experiment. Performing this … more

Date: July 9, 2004

Creator: al., Robert Zwaska et

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Overview of superconducting RF technology and its application to high-current linacs

Superconducting linacs may be a viable option for high-current applications such as copious neutron production like that needed for transmutation of radioactive waste. These linacs must run reliably for many years and allow easy routine maintenance. superconducting cavities operate efficiently with high cw gradients, properties which help to reduce operating and capital costs. However, cost effectiveness is not the sole consideration in these applications. For example, beam impingement must be … more

Date: August 1, 1994

Creator: Delayen, J. R. & Bohn, C. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Summary report for ITER Task -- D4: Activation calculations for the stainless steel ITER design

Detailed activation analysis for ITER has been performed as a part of ITER Task D4. The calculations have been performed for the shielding blanket (SS/water) and for the breeding blanket (LiN) options. The activation code RACC-P, which has been modified under IFER Task-D-10 for pulsed operation, has been used in this analysis. The spatial distributions of the radioactive inventory, decay heat, biological hazard potential, and the contact dose were calculated for the two designs for different op… more

Date: February 1, 1995

Creator: Attaya, H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

H.B. Robinson-2 pressure vessel benchmark

The H. B. Robinson Unit 2 Pressure Vessel Benchmark (HBR-2 benchmark) is described and analyzed in this report. Analysis of the HBR-2 benchmark can be used as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the qualification of the methodology for calculating neutron fluence in pressure vessels, as required by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide DG-1053, Calculational and Dosimetry Methods for Determining Pressure Vessel Neutron Fluence. Section 1 of this report describes the HB… more

Date: February 1, 1998

Creator: Remec, I. & Kam, F.B.K.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The impact of pulsed irradiation upon neutron activation calculations for inertial and magnetic fusion energy power plants

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) and magnetic fusion energy (MFE) power plants will probably operate in a pulsed mode. The two different schemes, however, will have quite different time periods. Typical repetition rates for IFE power plants will be 1-5 Hz. MFE power plants will ramp up in current for about 1 hour, shut down for several minutes, and repeat the process. Traditionally, activation calculations for IFE and MFE power plants have assumed continuous operation and used either the ``steady s… more

Date: June 26, 1996

Creator: Latkowski, J.F.; Sanz, J. & Vujic, J.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Groundwater protection for the NuMI project

The physics requirements for the long base line neutrino oscillation experiment MINOS dictate that the NuMI beamline be located in the aquifer at Fermilab. A methodology is described for calculating the level of radioactivation of groundwater caused by operation of this beamline. A conceptual shielding design for the 750 meter long decay pipe is investigated which would reduce radioactivation of the groundwater to below government standards. More economical shielding designs to meet these requi… more

Date: October 1, 1997

Creator: Wehmann, A.; Smart, W.; Menary, S.; Hylen, J. & Childress, S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Scoping Calculations for Potential Groundwater Impacts from Operation of the APT Facility at SRS

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential travel times and paths of the postulated activated groundwater beneath the facility and to examine the fate and transport of this activated groundwater.

Date: October 7, 1999

Creator: Thibault, J.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Status of the ENDF/B special applications files

The newly formed SAFE Subcommittee of the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group is charged with the responsibility for providing, reviewing, and testing several ENDF/B special purpose evaluated files. This responsibility currently encompasses dosimetry, activation, hydrogen and helium production, and radioactive decay data required by a variety of users. New formats have been approved by CSEWG for the inclusion of the activation and hydrogen and helium production cross-section libraries. The d… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Stewart, L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Collimator design for the NSNS accumulator ring

Collimators are used to remove halo or off-momentum particles from the main proton beam. Off-momentum particles are removed by situating collimators in high dispersion areas of the beam. In addition to removing halo particles collimators will also act as shielding for the remainder of the accelerator structures. Thus, collimators reduce uncontrolled losses around the ring and reduce activation of the accelerator components. Requirements and performance goals for the collimator are summarized. I… more

Date: October 1, 1997

Creator: Ludewig, H.; Schmidt, E.; Aronson, A.; Walker, J.; Todosow, M. & Mughabghab, S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Collective Deceleration: Toward a Compact Beam Dump

With the increasing development of laser accelerators, the electron energy is already beyond GeV and even higher in near future. Conventional beam dump based on ionization or radiation loss mechanism is cumbersome and costly, also has radiological hazards. We revisit the stopping power of high-energy charged particles in matter and discuss the associated problem of beam dump from the point of view of collective deceleration. The collective stopping length in an ionized gas can be several orders… more

Date: November 28, 2011

Creator: Wu, H.-C.; Tajima, T.; Habs, D.; Chao, A.W. & Meyer-ter-Vehn, J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Benchmarking residual dose rates in a NuMI-like environment

Activation of various structural and shielding materials is an important issue for many applications. A model developed recently to calculate residual activity of arbitrary composite materials for arbitrary irradiation and cooling times is presented in the paper. Measurements have been performed at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory using a 120 GeV proton beam to study induced radioactivation of materials used for beam line components and shielding. The calculated residual dose rates for… more

Date: November 2, 2001

Creator: al., Igor L. Rakhno et

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department