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The role of the LLNL Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability in a FRMAC response to a nuclear power plant incident

Description: The Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan (FRERP) can provide several emergency response resources in response to a nuclear power plant (NPP) accident if requested by a state or local agency. The primary FRERP technical resources come from the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC). Most of the FRMAC assets are located at the DOE Remote Sensing Laboratory (RSL) at Nellis Air Force Base, Las Vegas, Nevada. In addition, the primary atm… more
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Baskett, R. L.; Sullivan, T. J.; Ellis, J. S. & Foster, C. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Derivation of residual radioactive material guidelines for 13 radionuclides present in Operable Unit IV at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York

Description: Residual radioactive material guidelines for 13 radionuclides (americium-241; cobalt-60; cesium-137; europium-152, -154, and -155; plutonium-238, -239, and -240; strontium-90; and uranium-234, -235, and -238) were derived for Operable Unit (OU) IV at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This site has been identified for remedial action under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986. Singl… more
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: Faillace, E.; Nimmagadda, M. & Yu, C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tritium emissions from 200 East Area Double-Shell Tanks

Description: This document evaluates the need for tritium sampling of the emissions from the 200 East Area Double Shell Tanks based on the requirements of {open_quotes}National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants{close_quotes} (NESHAP). The NESHAP requirements are specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR), Part 61, Subpart H; {open_quotes}National Emission Standards for Emissions of Radionuclides Other than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities{close_quotes}.
Date: November 28, 1994
Creator: Bachand, D. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Hanford Tank Farm interim storage phase probabilistic risk assessment outline

Description: This report is the second in a series examining the risks for the high level waste (HLW) storage facilities at the Hanford Site. The first phase of the HTF PSA effort addressed risks from Tank 101-SY, only. Tank 101-SY was selected as the initial focus of the PSA because of its propensity to periodically release (burp) a mixture of flammable and toxic gases. This report expands the evaluation of Tank 101-SY to all 177 storage tanks. The 177 tanks are arranged into 18 farms and contain the HLW a… more
Date: May 19, 1994
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comparison of computer codes and inputs used at DOE sites to model intrusion scenarios

Description: Scenarios and computer codes used to evaluate intrusion scenarios at different DOE sites are compared and discussed. The purpose of the comparison is to identify differences in the approaches and areas where approaches could be made more consistent without ignoring the need to consider legimate site-specific differences, The comparison is comprised of two steps: (1) benchmarking of CENII and PATHRAE (the two most commonly used codes at DOE sites), and (2) comparison of assumed values for select… more
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Seitz, R. R.; Cook, J. R.; Wood, M. I.; Rittman, P. D.; Wood, D. E. & Napier, B. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Early operating experience with large-area germanium detectors for detecting low-energy photons

Description: Intrinsic germanium (Ge) planar detector arrays have been used at Hanford for lung counting since 1983. This paper describes a counting system using an array of only four detectors, larger than those used in the past, using larger dewars and a simplified detector-positioning system. Typical detector elements have been 51 mm in diameter and 20 mm thick, with a beryllium window thickness of 0.51 mm. The resolution of the detectors has been about 560 eV for 6.4-keV x-rays and 700 eV for 122-keV ga… more
Date: November 1, 1994
Creator: Rieksts, G. A.; Lynch, T. P. & Olsen, P. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

RASCAL Version 2.1 workbook. Volume 2, Revision 2

Description: The Radiological Assessment System for Consequence Analysis, Version 2.1 (RASCAL 2.1) was developed for use by the NRC personnel who respond to radiological emergencies. This workbook complements the RASCAL 2.1 User`s guide (NUREG/CR-5247, Vol. 1, Rev. 2). The workbook contains exercises designed to familiarize the user with the computer-based tools of RASCAL through hands-on problem solving. The workbook contains four major sections. The first is a RASCAL familiarization exercise to acquaint t… more
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: Athey, G. F.; Sjoreen, A. L. & McKenna, T. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Modular risk analysis for assessing multiple waste sites

Description: Human-health impacts, especially to the surrounding public, are extremely difficult to assess at installations that contain multiple waste sites and a variety of mixed-waste constituents (e.g., organic, inorganic, and radioactive). These assessments must address different constituents, multiple waste sites, multiple release patterns, different transport pathways (i.e., groundwater, surface water, air, and overland soil), different receptor types and locations, various times of interest, populat… more
Date: June 1, 1994
Creator: Whelan, G.; Buck, J. W. & Nazarali, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Practical issues in discriminating between environmental and occupational sources in a uranium urinalysis bioassay program

Description: Workers at two Department of Energy facilities, the Pantex Plant in Texas and the Hanford Site in Washington, are potentially exposed to class Y depleted or natural uranium. Since trace amounts of uranium are naturally present in urine excretion, site bioassay programs must be able to discern occupational exposure from naturally occurring uranium exposure. In 1985 Hanford established a 0.2-{mu}g/d environmental screening level for elemental uranium in urine; the protocol was based on log-normal… more
Date: November 1, 1994
Creator: Long, M. P.; Carbaugh, E. H. & Fairrow, N. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Summary of comments received from workshops on radiological criteria for decommissioning

Description: The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is conducting an enhanced participatory rulemaking to establish radiological criteria for site cleanup and decommissioning of NRC-licensed facilities. Open public meetings were held during 1993 in Chicago, IL, San Francisco, CA, Boston, MA, Dallas, TX, Philadelphia, PA, Atlanta, GA, and Washington, DC. Interested parties were invited to provide input on the rulemaking issues before the NRC staff develops a draft proposed rule. This report summarizes 3,635… more
Date: January 1, 1994
Creator: Caplin, J.; Page, G.; Smith, D. & Wiblin, C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Vulnerability assessment of a space based weapon platform electronic system exposed to a thermonuclear weapon detonation

Description: Rapidly changing world events, the increased number of nations with inter-continental ballistic missile capability, and the proliferation of nuclear weapon technology will increase the number of nuclear threats facing the world today. Monitoring these nation`s activities and providing an early warning and/or intercept system via reconnaissance and surveillance satellites and space based weapon platforms is a viable deterrent against a surprise nuclear attack. However, the deployment of satellit… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Perez, C. L. & Johnson, J. O.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A guide to environmental monitoring data, 1945--1972: Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project

Description: This report is a guide to the work accomplished by the Environmental Monitoring Data Task, which is one of the tasks in the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project. The objective of the Environmental Monitoring Data Task was to recover, evaluate, process, and/or reconstruct the environmental monitoring data for the period 1945--1972. The period of time for which environmental monitoring data were sought was determined by the start-up and shut-down dates of the Hanford facilitie… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Thiede, M. E.; Bates, D. J.; Mart, E. I. & Hanf, R. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Justification for change in AXAIR dispersion coefficients

Description: AXAIR is the primary dose assessment code used at the Savannah River Site (SRS) to predict doses following hypothetical releases of relatively short durations. The atmospheric dispersion coefficients currently used in AXAIR are analytical expressions developed to fit the curves in the Turner Workbook as referred to in USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.145. This report explores the ramifications and benefits of changing the dispersion coefficients to a combination of Pasquill`s lateral dispersion coeffic… more
Date: February 1, 1994
Creator: Simpkins, A. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pacific Northwest Laboratory annual report for 1993 to the DOE Office of Energy Research. Part 1: Biomedical Sciences

Description: This report summarizes FY 1993 progress in biological and general life sciences research programs conducted for the Department of Energy`s Office of Health and Environmental REsearch (OHER) at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). This research provides knowledge of fundamental principles necessary to identify, understand, and anticipate the long-term health consequences of exposure to energy-related radiation and chemicals. The Biological Research section contains reports of studies using labora… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Lumetta, C. C. & Park, J. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

R-matrix analysis for nitrogen and oxygen

Description: As part of the Hiroshima-Nagasaki Dose Reevaluation Program, new evaluations of the neutron cross sections for {sup 14}N and {sup 16}O were made for ENDF/B-VI, based at low energies on multichannel R-matrix analyses of reactions in the {sup 15}N and {sup 17}O systems. The types of data used in the analysis, and the resulting cross sections and resonance structures are briefly described. The resonance structure in the neutron cross sections was especially well determined by including precise, hi… more
Date: February 1, 1994
Creator: Hale, G. M.; Young, P. G.; Chadwick, M. B. & Chen, Z.-P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

1993 Site Environmental Report Tonopah Test Range, Tonopah, Nevada

Description: This report summarizes the environmental surveillance activities conducted by Sandia National Laboratories, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Company for the Tonopah Test Range operated by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories` responsibility for environmental monitoring results extend to those activities performed by Sandia National Laboratories or under its direction. Results from other environmental monitoring activities are … more
Date: November 1994
Creator: Culp, T.; Howard, D. & McClellan, Y.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Correlation of hot-carrier stress and ionization induced degradation in bipolar transistors

Description: The correlation of hot carrier stress and ionization induced gain degradation in npn BJTs was studied to determine if hot-carrier stress could be used as a hardness assurance tool for total dose. The correlation was measured at the wafer level and for several hardening variations for a single process technology. Additional experiments are planned and will be presented in the full paper. Based on a detailed physical analysis of the mechanisms for hot-carrier stress and ionization no correlation … more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Pease, R. L.; Kosier, S. L.; Schrimpf, R. D.; Combs, W. E.; DeLaus, M. & Fleetwood, D. M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comparison of MACCS users calculations for the international comparison exercise on probabilistic accident consequence assessment code, October 1989--June 1993

Description: Over the past several years, the OECD/NEA and CEC sponsored an international program intercomparing a group of six probabilistic consequence assessment (PCA) codes designed to simulate health and economic consequences of radioactive releases into atmosphere of radioactive materials following severe accidents at nuclear power plants (NPPs): ARANO (Finland), CONDOR (UK), COSYMA (CEC), LENA (Sweden), MACCS (USA), and OSCAAR (Japan). In parallel with this effort, two separate groups performed simil… more
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: Neymotin, L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Radionuclide releases to the Columbia River from Hanford Operations, 1944--1971. Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project

Description: The purpose of the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project is to estimate the radiation dose that individuals could have received as a result of radionuclide emissions since 1944 from the Hanford Site. One source of radionuclide releases to the Columbia River was from production reactor operations. This report provides a quantitative estimate of the amount of radioactivity released each month (1944--1971) to the Columbia River from eleven radionuclides as well as from gross bet… more
Date: May 1, 1994
Creator: Heeb, C. M. & Bates, D. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Information bias and lifetime mortality risks of radiation-induced cancer: Low LET radiation

Description: Additive and multiplicative models of relative risk were used to measure the effect of cancer misclassification and DS86 random errors on lifetime risk projections in the Life Span Study (LSS) of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. The true number of cancer deaths in each stratum of the cancer mortality cross-classification was estimated using sufficient statistics from the EM algorithm. Average survivor doses in the strata were corrected for DS86 random error ({sigma}=0.45) by use of… more
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: Peterson, L. E.; Schull, W. J.; Davis, B. R. & Buffler, P. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Niagara Falls Storage Site environmental surveillance report for calendar year 1993

Description: This report summarizes the results of environmental surveillance activities conducted at the Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) during calendar year 1993. It includes an overview of site operations, the basis for radiological and nonradiological monitoring, a summary of the results, and the estimated dose to the offsite population. Environmental surveillance activities were conducted in accordance with the site environmental monitoring plan, which describes the rationale and design criteria for … more
Date: June 1, 1994
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Colonie Interim Storage Site environmental surveillance report for calendar year 1993

Description: This report summarizes the results of environmental surveillance activities conducted at the Colonie Interim Storage Site (CISS) during calendar year 1993. It includes an overview of site operations, the basis for radiological and nonradiological monitoring, dose to the offsite population, and summaries of environmental programs at CISS. Environmental surveillance activities were conducted in accordance with the site environmental monitoring plan, which describes the rationale and design criter… more
Date: June 1, 1994
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

CP-5 Reactor yard characterization study

Description: This paper presents the results of a characterization study of the yard of the CP-5 Reactor at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois. Low-level radiological contamination is suspected to have occurred at the yard primarily because of leaks from the cooling tower located in the yard. The CP-5 Reactor was a 5-MW research reactor that operated from 1954 until its shutdown in 1979. The CP-5 yard also stored a number of pieces of scientific equipment that exhibited measurable amounts of rad… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Patel, P. B. & Swale, R. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A comparison of radiological risk assessment models: Risk assessment models used by the BEIR V Committee, UNSCEAR, ICRP, and EPA (for NESHAP)

Description: Radiological risk assessments and resulting risk estimates have been developed by numerous national and international organizations, including the National Research Council`s fifth Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations (BEIR V), the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). A fourth organization, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has also performed a risk ass… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Wahl, L. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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