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X-RAY DOSAGE TO PATIENTS UNDERGOING ORAL ROENTGEN-OGRAPHY

Description: This report endeavors to point out the radiation hazards involved with respect to the patient undergoing oral roentgenography. The dose rate can be as high as 280 r/min. Very definite hematological changes have been observed and are being thoroughly investigated. Recommendations have been suggested to eliminate overexposures.
Date: July 16, 1952
Creator: Nolan, W. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Problems with predicting fallout radiation hazard in tactical battlefield situations

Description: Prediction capabilities are reviewed to determine whether they are suitable for describing the fallout radiation hazards that may exist in tactical nuclear battlefield situations. One aspect of fallout predictability is illustrated by a collection of aberrant results from nuclear tests conducted under fairly stabilized conditions. There are a number of warnings about the confidence that should be placed on prediction schemes derived from nuclear test shots. A comparison of current fallout model… more
Date: August 14, 1973
Creator: Schiff, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Relationship between air sampling data from glove box work areas and inhalation risk to the worker

Description: A mockup of a plutonium work area was equipped to simulate and monitor aerosol leaks from a glove box into the worker's environment. Dioctyl phthalate was the tracer aerosol used, and aerosol concentration throughout the work area was monitored under several different ventilating conditions. Aerosol concentration in the worker's breathing zone was up to 250 times greater than the concentrations that might be indicated by typical fixed room-air samplers located adjacent to the glove box. The eff… more
Date: March 1, 1974
Creator: Gonzales, Manuel; Ettinger, Harry J.; Stafford, Ronald G. & Breckinridge, Charles E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Neutronics issues and inertial fusion energy: a summary of findings

Description: We have analyzed and compared five major inertial fusion energy (IFE) and two representative magnetic fusion energy (MFE) power plant designs for their environment, safety, and health (ES&H) characteristics. Our work has focussed upon the neutronics of each of the designs and the resulting radiological hazard indices. The calculation of a consistent set of hazard indices allows comparisons to be made between the designs. Such comparisons enable identification of trends in fusion ES&H characteri… more
Date: May 29, 1998
Creator: Latkowski, J. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

RADIATION HAZARDS FROM THE USE OP DENTAL X-RAY UNITS

Description: It is well known that for many years x-rays have been used in the dental profession as a potent diagnostic tool. Deprived of this means of exploration, the dentist and patient alike would be at a great disadvantage. In spite of the necessity of x-rays in the dental field, little has been done, however, to protect the patient and the dentist from unnecessary exposure. X-rays cannot immediately be felt or seen, and therein lies the hazard attending their use. What cannot be sensed is often ignore… more
Date: November 26, 1952
Creator: Nolan, W. E. & Patterson, H. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Solar particle events and their radiation threats

Description: Energetic particles from the Sun have only been studied in detail during the last three decades. The modern record is good, although the number of the largest solar particle events are very few. The nuclides made by solar energetic particles in lunar rocks have been used to extend the record of these particles {approximately} 10{sup 7} years. The modern and ancient records are similar. By combining both sets of data, it has been inferred that solar particle events much larger than the largest e… more
Date: March 1998
Creator: Reedy, R. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Spallation Neutron Source Radiation Shielding Issues

Description: This paper summarizes results of Spallation Neutron Source calculations to estimate radiation hazards and shielding requirements for activated Mercury, target components, target cooling water, and {sup 7}Be plateout. Dose rates in the accelerator tunnel from activation of magnets and concrete were investigated. The impact of gaps and other streaming paths on the radiation environment inside the test cell during operation and after shutdown were also assessed.
Date: November 14, 1999
Creator: Azmy, Y. Y.; Barnes, J. M.; Drischler, J. D.; Johnson, J. O.; Lillie, R. A.; McNeilly, G. S. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Classified information required by operators and others exposed to radiation hazards

Description: Information required by operators exposed to radiation hazards is discussed. All areas of the plant are subjected to radiation hazards similar to those in the radium industry. Personnel in these areas are required to wear pencil meters and special badges that are evidently not solely for identification. They are required to submit to medical examinations more stringent and frequent than usual. They are required to wear heavy gloves in one location, thin gloves in another, disposable hats or rub… more
Date: August 31, 1944
Creator: Parker, H. M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Proposed risk evaluation guidelines for use by the DOE-AL Nuclear Explosive Safety Division in evaluating proposed shipments of nuclear components

Description: The licensing requirements of 10 CFR 71 (US Code of Federal Regulations) are the primary criteria used to license proposed US Department of Energy (DOE) shipments of nuclear components. However, if a shipment cannot meet 10 CFR 71 requirements, a Transportation System Risk Assessment (TSRA) is prepared to document: (1) the degree of compliance of proposed DOE shipments of nuclear components with applicable federal regulations, and (2) the risk associated with the proposed shipments. The Nuclear… more
Date: October 1, 1997
Creator: Just, R. A. & Love, A. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Potential Hazards From Neutrino Radiation at Muon Colliders.

Description: High energy muon colliders, such as the TeV-scale conceptual designs now being considered, are found to produce enough high energy neutrinos to constitute a potentially serious off-site radiation hazard in the neighborhood of the accelerator site. A general characterization of this radiation hazard is given, followed by an order-of-magnitude calculation for the off-site annual radiation dose and a discussion of accelerator design and site selection strategies to minimize the radiation hazard.
Date: March 29, 1999
Creator: King, B. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental assessment for consolidation of certain materials and machines for nuclear criticality experiments and training

Description: In support of its assigned missions and because of the importance of avoiding nuclear criticality accidents, DOE has adopted a policy to reduce identifiable nuclear criticality safety risks and to protect the public, workers, government property and essential operations from the effects of a criticality accident. In support of this policy, the Los Alamos Critical Experiments Facility (LACEF) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Technical Area (TA) 18, provides a program of general purpo… more
Date: May 21, 1996
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Tritium retention and removal on TFTR

Description: Tritium retention and removal are critical issues for the success of ITER or any DT fusion reactor. The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, TFTR, is the first fusion facility to afford the opportunity to study the tritium retention and removal over an extended period. In TFTR, tritium accumulates on all surfaces with line of sight to the plasma by codeposition of tritium with carbon. Measurements of both deuterium and tritium retention fractions have yielded retention between 0.2 and 0.6 of the inject… more
Date: October 1, 1997
Creator: Mueller, D.; Blanchard, W. & Doyle, B.L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Effective use of metrics in an ALARA program

Description: ALARA radiological protection programs require metrics to meet their objectives. Sources of metrics include; external dosimetry; internal dosimetry; radiological occurrences from the occurrence reporting and processing system (ORPS); and radiological incident reports (RIR). The sources themselves contain an abundance of specific ``indicators``. To choose the site-specific indicators that will be tracked and trended requires careful review. This required the end users to expend valuable time and… more
Date: July 1, 1996
Creator: Bates, B.B. Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Portable Monitor for Tritium in Air

Description: In the handling of tritium associated with heavy water moderator, there is a possibility that some of it, in the form of tritiated hydrogen or water vapor, may become airborne. An instrument is needed which will quantitatively measure tritium in air in order to protect personnel from the radiation hazard associated with tritium. This paper describes a portable air sampler developed to monitor concentrations of tritium in air between 4 x 10-5 and 1600 x 10-5 microcurie per cubic centimeter.
Date: January 16, 2003
Creator: Anthony, J.D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of a safety assessment approach for decontamination and decommissioning operations at nuclear facilities

Description: The US Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for nearly 1000 nuclear facilities which will eventually be decommissioned. In order to ensure that the health and safety of the workers, other personnel on site and the public in general is maintained during decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) operations, a methodology specifically for use in evaluating the nuclear safety of the associated activities is being developed within the Department. This methodology represents not so much a depart… more
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Worthington, P. R. & Cowgill, M. G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Simulation of contaminated sediment transport in White Oak Creek basin

Description: This paper presents a systematic approach to management of the contaminated sediments in the White Oak Creek watershed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory near Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The primary contaminant of concern is radioactive cesium-137 ({sup 137}Cs), which binds to soil and sediment particles. The key components in the approach include an intensive sampling and monitoring system for flood events; modeling of hydrological processes, sediment transport, and contaminant flux movement; and a de… more
Date: December 31, 1995
Creator: Bao, Y.; Clapp, R.B.; Brenkert, A.L.; Moore, T.D. & Fontaine, T.A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Acceptability of risk from radiation: Application to human space flight

Description: This one of NASA`s sponsored activities of the NCRP. In 1983, NASA asked NCRP to examine radiation risks in space and to make recommendations about career radiation limits for astronauts (with cancer considered as the principal risk). In conjunction with that effort, NCRP was asked to convene this symposium; objective is to examine the technical, strategic, and philosophical issues pertaining to acceptable risk and radiation in space. Nine papers are included together with panel discussions and… more
Date: April 30, 1997
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A history of the working group to address Los Alamos community health concerns - A case study of community involvement and risk communication

Description: In May 1991, at a Department of Energy (DOE) public hearing at Los Alamos, New Mexico, a local artist claimed there had been a recent brain tumor cluster in a small Los Alamos neighborhood. He suggested the cause was radiation from past operations of Los Alamos National Laboratory. Data from the Laboratory's extensive environmental monitoring program gave no reason to believe this charge to be true but also could not prove it false. These allegations, reported in the local and regional media, a… more
Date: January 1, 2000
Creator: Otway, Harry & Johnson, Jon
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A workshop on developing risk assessment methods for medical use of radioactive material. Volume 1: Summary

Description: A workshop was held at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, August 16--18, 1994 on the topic of risk assessment on medical devices that use radioactive isotopes. Its purpose was to review past efforts to develop a risk assessment methodology to evaluate these devices, and to develop a program plan and a scoping document for future methodology development. This report contains a summary of that workshop. Participants included experts in the fields of radiation oncology, medical physics, ri… more
Date: August 1, 1995
Creator: Tortorelli, J.P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A workshop on developing risk assessment methods for medical use of radioactive material. Volume 2: Supporting documents

Description: A workshop was held at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, August 16--18, 1994 on the topic of risk assessment on medical devices that use radioactive isotopes. Its purpose was to review past efforts to develop a risk assessment methodology to evaluate these devices, and to develop a program plan and a scoping document for future methodology development. This report contains presentation material and a transcript of the workshop. Participants included experts in the fields of radiation o… more
Date: August 1995
Creator: Tortorelli, J. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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EPR dosimetry teeth in past and future accidents: A prospective look at a retrospective method

Description: Accurate assessments of doses received by individuals exposed to radiation from nuclear accidents and incidents such as those at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Nevada test site, Cheliabinsk and Mayak are required for epidemiological studies seeking to establish relationships between radiation dose and health effects. One method of retrospective dosimetry which allows for measurement of cumulative gamma ray doses received by exposed individuals is electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) … more
Date: March 1, 1997
Creator: Haskell, E.; Kenner, G.; Hayes, R.; Chumak, V. & Shalom, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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