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Propane: Causes of Price Volatility, Potential Consumer Options, and Opportunities to Improve Consumer Information and Federal Oversight

Description: A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "More than 4.6 million residential households in the U.S., many with low incomes, rely on propane to heat their homes. Unfortunately, propane prices have been subject to major price spikes in two of the last three winters. Responding to congressional concern caused by these price spikes, GAO undertook a study to address the (1) factors that affect residential propane price volatility, (2) options available to p… more
Date: June 27, 2003
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Use of High Temperature Electrochemical Cells for Co-Generation of Chemicals and Electricity

Description: In this project, two key issues were addressed to show the feasibility of electrochemical partial oxidation (EPOx) in a SOFC. First, it was demonstrated that SOFCs can reliably operate directly with natural gas. These results are relevant to both direct-natural-gas SOFCs, where the aim is solely electrical power generation, and to EPOx. Second, it must be shown that SOFCs can work effectively as partial oxidation reactors, i.e, that they can provide high conversion efficiency of natural gas to … more
Date: September 30, 2007
Creator: Barnett, Scott
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Validation of the Manufactured Home Energy Audit (MHEA)

Description: The Manufactured Home Energy Audit (MHEA) is an energy audit tool designed specifically to identify recommended weatherization measures for mobile homes as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Weatherization Assistance Program. A field validation of MHEA was performed using billing/delivery data collected on 86 mobile homes heated primarily by electricity, natural gas, or propane to assess the audit's accuracy and the validity of its recommendations. The validation found that MHEA ov… more
Date: December 1, 2007
Creator: Ternes, Mark P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Final report on testing of ACONF technology for the US Coast Guard National Distress Systems : a study for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program.

Description: This report documents the results of a six month test program of an Alternative Configuration (ACONF) power management system design for a typical United States Coast Guard (USCG) National Distress System (NDS) site. The USCG/USDOE funded work was performed at Sandia National Laboratories to evaluate the effect of a Sandia developed battery management technology known as ACONF on the performance of energy storage systems at NDS sites. This report demonstrates the savings of propane gas, and the… more
Date: August 1, 2005
Creator: Storey, Leanne M.; Byrd, Thomas M., Jr.; Murray, Aaron T.; Ginn, Jerry W.; Symons, Philip C. (Electrochemical Engineering Consultants, Inc., Morgan Hill, CA) & Corey, Garth P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Using Low Calorific Value Gases

Description: Nanostructures formed in diffusion flames of pure fuels [CH{sub 4}, C{sub 3}H{sub 8}, and C{sub 2}H{sub 2}] at different fuel flow rates have been analyzed. Synthesis samples have been also collected from diffusion flames of various fuel blends [H{sub 2}-CH{sub 4}, H{sub 2}-CO, H{sub 2}-C{sub 3}H{sub 8}, H{sub 2}-C{sub 2}H{sub 2}] at different combustion conditions. SEM images of particulate samples collected from H{sub 2}-CH{sub 4} diffusion flames show formation of nanostructures. However, th… more
Date: March 31, 2007
Creator: Camacho, Jorge; Subramanya, Mahesh & Choudhuri, Ahsan R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Dynamics of Propane in Silica Mesopores Formed upon PropyleneHydrogenation over Pt Nanoparticles by Time-Resolved FT-IRSpectroscopy

Description: Propylene hydrogenation over Pt nanoparticles supported onmesoporous silica type SBA-15 was monitored by time-resolved FT-IRspectroscopy at 23 ms resolution using short propylene gas pulses thatjoined a continuous flow of hydrogen in N2 (1 atm total pressure).Experiments were conducted in the temperature range 323-413 K. Propanewas formed within 100 milliseconds or faster. The CH stretching regionrevealed distinct bands for propane molecules emerging inside thenanoscale channels of the silica s… more
Date: January 31, 2007
Creator: Waslylenko, Walter & Frei, Heinz
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Flame Inhibition by Phosphorus-Containing Compounds in Lean and Rich Propane Flames

Description: Chemical inhibition of laminar propane flames by organophosphorus compounds has been studied experimentally, using a laboratory Mache Hebra nozzle burner and a flat flame burner with molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS), and with a computational flame model using a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism. Both fuel-lean and fuel-rich propane flames were studied to examine the role of equivalence ratio in flame inhibition. The experiments examined a wide variety of organophosphorus compo… more
Date: December 19, 2003
Creator: Curran, H; Korobeinichev, O P; Shvartsberg, V M; Shmakov, A G; Bolshova, T A; Jayaweera, T M et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A Detailed Modeling Study of Propane Oxidation

Description: A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has been used to simulate ignition delay times recorded by a number of experimental shock tube studies over the temperature range 900 {le} T {le} 1800 K, in the pressure range 0.75-40 atm and in the equivalence ratio range 0.5 {le} {phi} {le} 2.0. Flame speed measurements at 1 atm in the equivalence ratio range 0.4 {le} {phi} {le} 1.8 have also been simulated. Both of these data sets, particularly those recorded at high pressure, are of particular importanc… more
Date: March 19, 2004
Creator: Westbrook, C. K.; Jayaweera, T. M.; Pitz, W. J. & Curran, H. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A Sequential Fluid-mechanic Chemical-kinetic Model of Propane HCCI Combustion

Description: We have developed a methodology for predicting combustion and emissions in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine. This methodology combines a detailed fluid mechanics code with a detailed chemical kinetics code. Instead of directly linking the two codes, which would require an extremely long computational time, the methodology consists of first running the fluid mechanics code to obtain temperature profiles as a function of time. These temperature profiles are then used as inp… more
Date: November 29, 2000
Creator: Aceves, S M; Flowers, D L; Martinez-Frias, J; Smith, J R; Westbrook, C; Pitz, W et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Vehicle Buyer's Guide for Fleets: Clean Cities Tools and Resources (Fact Sheet)

Description: This fact sheet describes the Clean Cities Vehicle Buyer's Guide for Fleets. The Guide educates fleet managers and policymakers about alternative fuels and vehicles, helps managers learn if their fleets are affected by government regulations, and provides comprehensive information about currently available light- and heavy-duty AFVs.
Date: October 1, 2003
Item Type: Refine your search to only Text
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Operation of a Four-Cylinder 1.9L Propane Fueled Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine: Basic Operating Characteristics and Cylinder-to-Cylinder Effects

Description: A four-cylinder 1.9 Volkswagen TDI Engine has been converted to run in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode. The stock configuration is a turbocharged direct injection Diesel engine. The combustion chamber has been modified by discarding the in-cylinder Diesel fuel injectors and replacing them with blank inserts (which contain pressure transducers). The stock pistons contain a reentrant bowl and have been retained for the tests reported here. The intake and exhaust manifolds have… more
Date: March 12, 2001
Creator: Flowers, D.; Aceves, S. M.; Martinez-Frias, J.; Smith, J. R.; Au, M.; Girard, J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermal Decomposition of Radiation-Damaged Polystyrene

Description: The radiation-damaged polystyrene (given the identification name of 'polycube') was fabricated by mixing high-density polystyrene material ("Dylene Fines # 100") with plutonium and uranium oxides. The polycubes were used in the 1960s for criticality studies during processing of spent nuclear fuel. The polycubes have since been stored for almost 40 years at the Hanford Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) after failure of two processes to reclaim the plutonium and uranium oxides from the polystyrene … more
Date: September 26, 2000
Creator: Abrefah, John & Klinger, George S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Development of Sulfur and Carbon Tolerant Reforming Alloy Catalysts Aided Fundamental Atomistic Insights

Description: Current hydrocarbon reforming catalysts suffer from rapid carbon and sulfur poisoning. Even though there is a tremendous incentive to develop more efficient catalysts, these materials are currently formulated using inefficient trial and error experimental approaches. We have utilized a hybrid experimental/theoretical approach, combining quantum Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and various state-of-the-art experimental tools, to formulate carbon tolerant reforming catalysts. We have … more
Date: December 31, 2008
Creator: Linic, Suljo
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mobile Alternative Fueling Station Locator

Description: The Department of Energy's Alternative Fueling Station Locator is available on-the-go via cell phones, BlackBerrys, or other personal handheld devices. The mobile locator allows users to find the five closest biodiesel, electricity, E85, hydrogen, natural gas, and propane fueling sites using Google technology.
Date: April 1, 2009
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cometabolic bioremediation

Description: Cometabolic bioremediation is probably the most under appreciated bioremediation strategy currently available. Cometabolism strategies stimulate only indigenous microbes with the ability to degrade the contaminant and cosubstrate e.g. methane, propane, toluene and others. This highly targeted stimulation insures that only those microbes that can degrade the contaminant are targeted, thus reducing amendment costs, well and formation plugging, etc. Cometabolic bioremediation has been used on some… more
Date: February 15, 2009
Creator: Hazen, Terry C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Book
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Detonation propagation in a high loss configuration

Description: This work presents an experimental study of detonation wave propagation in tubes with inner diameters (ID) comparable to the mixture cell size. Propane-oxygen mixtures were used in two test section tubes with inner diameters of 1.27 mm and 6.35 mm. For both test sections, the initial pressure of stoichiometric mixtures was varied to determine the effect on detonation propagation. For the 6.35 mm tube, the equivalence ratio {phi} (where the mixture was {phi} C{sub 3}H{sub 8} + 50{sub 2}) was als… more
Date: January 1, 2009
Creator: Jackson, Scott I & Shepherd, Joseph E
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Gas-Phase Reactions of Doubly Charged Lanthanide Cations with Alkanes and Alkenes. Trends in Metal(2+) Reactivity

Description: The gas-phase reactivity of doubly-charged lanthanide cations, Ln2+ (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu), with alkanes (methane, ethane, propane, n-butane) and alkenes (ethene, propene, 1-butene) was studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The reaction products consisted of different combinations of doubly-charged organometallic ions?adducts or species formed via metal-ion-induced hydrogen, dihydrogen, alkyl, or alkane eliminations from t… more
Date: December 8, 2008
Creator: Gibson, John K.; Marcalo, Joaquim; Santos, Marta; Pires de Matos, Antonio & Haire, Richard G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Clean Cities Now, Vol. 13, No. 2 - June 2009 (Brochure)

Description: The June 2009 issue of Clean Cities Now features stories about elementary school students establishing no-idle zones in San Antonio; recent Propane Road Shows in Virginia, Maryland, and South Carolina; green vehicles helping children's charities in California; and a new truck stop electrification system in South Carolina. The Fleet Experiences story features the University of Illinois-Chicago's mixed fleet of alternative fuel vehicles.
Date: June 1, 2009
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Effects of Propane/Natural Gas Blended Fuels on Gas Turbine Pollutant Emissions

Description: Liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports to the U.S. are expected to grow significantly over the next 10-15 years. Likewise, it is expected that changes to the domestic gas supply may also introduce changes in natural gas composition. As a result of these anticipated changes, the composition of fuel sources may vary significantly from conventional domestic natural gas supplies. This paper will examine the effects of fuel variability on pollutant emissions for premixed gas turbine conditions. The exp… more
Date: March 1, 2007
Creator: Straub, D. L.; Ferguson, D. H.; Casleton, K. H. & Richards, G. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

ACTION CONCENTRATION FOR MIXTURES OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) & METHANE & HYDROGEN

Description: Waste containers may contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), methane, hydrogen and possibly propane. These constituents may occur individually or in mixtures. Determining if a waste container contains a flammable concentration of flammable gases and vapors (from VOCs) is important to the safety of the handling, repackaging and shipping activities. This report provides the basis for determining the flammability of mixtures of flammable gases and vapors. The concentration of a mixture that is … more
Date: July 10, 2006
Creator: MARUSICH, R.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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