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An Investigation of the Effect of Target Temperature on Projectile Penetration and Cratering

Description: Results regarding testing of steel projectiles fired into copper targets at velocities from 5,000 to 11,500 feet per second, which indicated that as target temperature is increased, the crater size also increases. Twenty-two caliber steel cylinders and steel spheres were used as projectiles.
Date: July 28, 1958
Creator: Kinard, William H. & Lambert, C. H., Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Flight Tests of Fifteen T-231 Gun-Launched Rocket Projectiles

Description: "Flight tests of fifteen T-231 70-mm HEAA rocket projectiles (flight components of the T-263 HEAA rounds) were made at the Langley Pilotless AIrcraft Research Station at Wallops Island, VA., to obtain flight trajectories at high quadrant elevation launchings and to obtain drag data. Although all rounds were of the same general type, there were differences in nozzle cant angles, number of nozzles per round, shape of head and fuse, motor case length, and type of propellant. All projectiles were l… more
Date: June 26, 1956
Creator: Lanford, Wade E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

An Investigation of the Effect of Target Temperature on Projectile Penetration and Cratering

Description: Results regarding testing of steel projectiles fired into copper targets at velocities from 5,000 to 11,500 feet per second, which indicated that as target temperature is increased, the crater size also increases. Twenty-two caliber steel cylinders and steel spheres were used as projectiles.
Date: July 28, 1958
Creator: Kinard, William H. & Lambert, C. H., Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Investigations of Pressure Distribution on Fast Flying Bodies

Description: "The question to be treated is: how high is the pressure in the bow wave caused by a body flying at supersonic speed, and how far reaching are the destructive effects of that wave? The pressure distribution on an s.S. and an S. projectile of normal speed has been ascertained already by the methods of measurement used at the Ballistic Institute of the Technical Academy of the German Air Forces. Now similar investigations of the conditions on especially fast-flying bodies were carried out" (p. 1). more
Date: September 1946
Creator: Stamm, G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fundamental Aerodynamic Investigations for Development of Arrow-Stabilized Projectiles

Description: "The numerous patent applications on arrow-stabilized projectiles indicate that the idea of projectiles without spin is not new, but has appeared in various proposals throughout the last decades. As far as projectiles for subsonic speeds are concerned, suitable shapes have been developed for sometime, for example, numerous grenades. Most of the patent applications, though, are not practicable particularly for projectiles with supersonic speed" (p. 1).
Date: December 1947
Creator: Kurzweg, Hermann
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The influence of projectile neutron number in the 208Pb(48Ti, n)255Rf and 208Pb(50Ti, n)257Rf reactions

Description: Four isotopes of rutherfordium,254-257Rf, were produced by the 208Pb(48Ti, xn)256-xRf and 208Pb(50Ti, xn)258-xRf reactions (x = 1, 2) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 88-Inch Cyclotron. Excitation functions were measured for the 1n and 2n exit channels. A maximum likelihood technique, which correctly accounts for the changing cross section at all energies subtended by the targets, was used to fit the 1n data to allow a more direct comparison between excitation functions obtained und… more
Date: July 11, 2008
Creator: Dragojevic, Irena; Dragojevic, I.; Gregorich, K. E.; Dullmann, Ch. E.; Garcia, M. A.; Gates, J. M. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Penetration Experiments with 6061-T6511 Aluminum Targets and Spherical-Nose Steel Projectiles at Striking Velocities Between 0.5 and 3.0 km/s

Description: We conducted depth of penetration experiments with 7.11-mm-diameter, 74.7-mm-long, spherical-nose, 4340 steel projectiles launched into 250-mm-diameter, 6061-T6511 aluminum targets. To show the effect of projectile strength, we used projectiles that had average Rockwell harnesses of R{sub c} = 36.6, 39.5, and 46.2. A powder gun and two-stage, light-gas guns launched the 0.023 kg projectiles at striking velocities between 0.5 and 3.0 km/s. Post-test radiographs of the targets showed three respon… more
Date: February 4, 1999
Creator: Forrestal, M. J. & Piekutowski, A. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A study of the effect of grain size on the ballistic performance of silicon carbide

Description: The depth of penetration method was used to ballistically evaluate the performance of silicon carbide as a function of grain size. The hot-pressed silicon carbide was backed by 4340 steel Rc = 35 and impacted by tungsten heavy metal projectiles of L/D = 4 at velocities of 1.6 and 1/75 km/s. The hot-pressed silicon carbide was also compared with reaction-sintered silicon carbide of identical thickness in the current study. Results are compared with data previously reported by others.
Date: March 1, 1995
Creator: Cline, C. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Data Association and Bullet Tracking Algorithms for the Fight Sight Experiment

Description: Previous LLNL investigators developed a bullet and projectile tracking system over a decade ago. Renewed interest in the technology has spawned research that culminated in a live-fire experiment, called Fight Sight, in September 2005. The experiment was more complex than previous LLNL bullet tracking experiments in that it included multiple shooters with simultaneous fire, new sensor-shooter geometries, large amounts of optical clutter, and greatly increased sensor-shooter distances. This prese… more
Date: October 7, 2005
Creator: Breitfeller, E & Roberts, R
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Modeling heavy ion ionization energy loss at low and intermediate energies

Description: The needs of contemporary accelerator and space projects led to significant efforts made to include description of heavy ion interactions with matter in general-purpose Monte Carlo codes. This paper deals with an updated model of heavy ion ionization energy loss developed previously for the MARS code. The model agrees well with experimental data for various projectiles and targets including super-heavy ions in low-Z media.
Date: November 1, 2009
Creator: Rakhno, I.L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Penetration Experiments with Limestone Targets and Ogive-Nose Steel Projectiles

Description: We conducted three sets of depth-of-penetration experiments with limestone targets and 3.0 caliber-radius-head (CRH), ogive-nose steel rod projectiles. The limestone targets had a nominal unconfined compressive strength of 60 MPa, a density of 2.31 kg/m{sup 3}, a porosity of 15%, and a water content less than 0.4%. The ogive-nose rod projectiles with length-to-diameter ratios often were machined from 4340 R{sub c} 45 and Aer Met 100 R{sub c} 53 steel, round stock and had diameters and masses of… more
Date: April 8, 1999
Creator: Forrestal, M.J.; Frew, D.J. & Hanchak, S.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

DYNAMIC DEFORMATION AND DAMAGE IN CAST GAMMA-TiAl DURING TYALOR CYLINDER IMPACT: EXPERIMENTS AND MODEL VALIDATION

Description: The dynamic deformation, damage evolution, and cracking in two cast gamma titanium aluminide alloys has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The purpose of this study was to create and validate experimentally a finite-element model of the high speed impact of a cylindrical {gamma}-TiAl projectile into a steel block in order to evaluate the accuracy of {gamma} constitutive properties used in FEA simulations. In this paper the damage evolution, cracking, and validation of the const… more
Date: March 1, 2001
Creator: GRAY, G. & AL, ET
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Simulations of the Penetration of 6061-T6511 Aluminum Targets by Spherical-Nosed VAR 4340 Steel Projectiles

Description: In certain penetration events it is proposed that the primary mode of deformation of the target can be approximated by known analytical expressions. In the context of an analysis code, this approximation eliminates the need for discretizing the target as well as the need for a contact algorithm. Thus, this method substantially reduces the computer time and memory requirements. In this paper a forcing function which is derived from a spherical-cavity expansion (SCE) analysis has been implemented… more
Date: October 21, 1998
Creator: Tabbara, M. R. & Warren, T. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

EVIDENCE FOR ANOMALOUS NUCLEI AMONG RELATIVISTIC PROJECTILE FRAGMENTS FROM HEAVY ION COLLISIONS AT BEVALAC ENERGIES

Description: Two independent emulsion experiments using Bevalac beams of {sup 16}O and {sup 56}Fe at {approx}2 GeV/nucleon find with > 99.7% confidence that the reaction mean-free paths of projectile fragments, 3 {approx}< Z {approx}< 26, are shorter for a few centimeters after their emission than at larger distances, or than predicted from experiments on beam nuclei. This effect, which is enhanced in later generations of fragments, can be interpreted by the relatively rare occurrence of fragments … more
Date: June 1, 1980
Creator: Friedlander, E. M.; Gimpel, R. W.; Heckman, H. H.; Karant, Y. J.; Judek, B. & Ganssauge, E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

On how to make the fastest gun in the west

Description: A new gasdynamic launcher is described, in which intact projectiles weighing at least one gram can be accelerated to mass velocities of 20 km/s. The system employs a conventional 2-stage light gas gun, with the barrel modified and filled with helium to act as a pump tube for a third stage. It is demonstrated that inter-stage kinetic energy efficiencies of 45% are possible and that these results can be achieved while maintaining the peak pressure applied to the projectile below 2.5 GPa. A simple… more
Date: January 1, 1997
Creator: Glenn, L. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Test Design Calculations II

Description: In an earlier report, we presented results of modeling calculations for one simple geometry that represents an experiment potentially to be performed at Sandia National Laboratory, which is examining equation of state issues of interest to the National Missile Defense Program. In the earlier report, we showed snapshots of calculations with two different initial zone dimensions for Gruneisen EOS and LEOS. We also showed pressure profiles at various locations in a witness plate out of the way of … more
Date: July 27, 2000
Creator: Gerassimenko, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Test Problems for Reactive Flow HE Model in the ALE3D Code and Limited Sensitivity Study

Description: We document quick running test problems for a reactive flow model of HE initiation incorporated into ALE3D. A quarter percent change in projectile velocity changes the outcome from detonation to HE burn that dies down. We study the sensitivity of calculated HE behavior to several parameters of practical interest where modeling HE initiation with ALE3D.
Date: March 1, 2000
Creator: Gerassimenko, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Simulations of Fracture and Fragmentation of Geologic Materials using Combined FEM/DEM/SPH Analysis

Description: An overview of the Lawrence Discrete Element Code (LDEC) is presented, and results from a study investigating the effect of explosive and impact loading on geologic materials using the Livermore Distinct Element Code (LDEC) are detailed. LDEC was initially developed to simulate tunnels and other structures in jointed rock masses using large numbers of polyhedral blocks. Many geophysical applications, such as projectile penetration into rock, concrete targets, and boulder fields, require a combi… more
Date: April 5, 2007
Creator: Morris, J. P. & Johnson, S. M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Dependence of debris cloud formation on projectile shape

Description: A two-stage light-gas gun has been used to impact thin zinc bumpers by zinc projectiles over the velocity range of 2.4 km/s to 6.7 km/s to determine the propagation characteristics of the impact generated debris. Constant-mass projectiles in the form of spheres, discs, cylinders and rods were used in these studies. Radiographic techniques were employed to record the debris cloud generated upon impact and the dynamic formation of the resulting rupture in an aluminum backing plate resulting from … more
Date: July 1, 1993
Creator: Konrad, C. H.; Chhabildas, L. C.; Boslough, M. B.; Piekutowski, A. J.; Poormon, K. L.; Mullin, S. A. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

B(E1) Strengths from Coulomb excitation of 11Be

Description: The B(E1;1/2{sup +}{yields} 1/2{sup -}) strength for {sup 11}Be has been extracted from intermediate energy Coulomb excitation measurements, over a range of beam energies using a new reaction model, the extended continuum discretized coupled channels (XCDCC) method. In addition, a measurement of the excitation cross section for {sup 11}Be+{sup 208}Pb at 38.6 MeV/nucleon is reported. The B(E1) strength of 0.105(12) e{sup 2}fm{sup 2} derived from this measurement is consistent with those made pre… more
Date: March 6, 2007
Creator: Summers, N. C.; Pain, S. D.; Orr, N. A.; Catford, W. N.; Angelique, J. C.; Ashwood, N I et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Distinct Element Method - Application to Structures in Jointed Rock

Description: The Distinct Element Method (DEM) is a meshfree method with applications to rock mechanics, mining sciences, simulations of nuclear repositories, and the stability of underground structures. Continuum mesh-based methods have been applied successfully to many problems in geophysics. Even if the geology includes fractures and faults, when sufficiently large length scales are considered a continuum approximation may be sufficient. However, a large class of problems exist where individual rock join… more
Date: November 30, 2001
Creator: Morris, J. P.; Glen, L.; Blair, S. & Heuze, F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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REDUCED ENERGY CONSUMPTION THROUGH PROJECTILE BASED EXCAVATION

Description: The hypothesis to be tested is that the addition of steel or other synthetic fiber and/or high strength, low cost aggregate to strong grouts or concrete will result in a projectile of sufficient strength to produce cracking and spall enough to make its use cost effective for mining. Based on experiments conducted to date, no conclusions can yet be reached. Results of the experiments conducted suggest that reinforcement of a concrete projectile can yield performance that portends cost effective … more
Date: October 12, 2001
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Optimization studies of a three-stage light gas gun

Description: A new gasdynamic launcher is described, in which intact projectiles weighing at least 1 gram can be accelerated to mass velocities of 15- 20 km/s. The system employs a conventional 2--stage light gas gun, with the barrel modified and filled with helium to act as a pump tube for a third stage. The key feature of the launcher is that the peak pressure in the third stage can be maintained below 2.5 GPa, thus assuring high efficiency and the integrity of the projectile.
Date: June 1, 1997
Creator: Glenn, Lewis A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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